The document discusses various electrical and mechanical systems for a building project including:
1. Small power and lighting circuits, motor loads, isolators, access control, guard tour, CCTV, PA, electrical and motor control panels, HV testing, engineering drawings, fire services, BMS, and inspection requirements.
2. Key M&E systems like ACMV, fire protection, lightning protection, panel sizing, earth resistance testing, underground cables, and Revit modeling advantages are covered.
3. Safety topics like hazard identification, risk assessment, prevention methods, and lifting operations are highlighted.
Temperature based fan speed control & monitoring usingJagannath Dutta
Our object of making this project is for reducing the power consumption. And also to assist people who are disabled and are unable to control the speed of fan.
This paper presents an innovative prototype design of electric fan with smart characteristics. This electric fan uses a microcontroller to produce an automation function. It also has a unique double feature designs, such as using 2 fans, 2 Light Emitting Diodes (LED) and 2 sensors. This is to ensure the cooling process operates more efficiently and effectively, especially for a large space application and in hot weather due to global warming. By applying the circuit, it offers a better life for human. It is really practical for senior citizens to make their life simpler. The circuit is also suitable for disabled people who have difficulty to switch on the fan manually. Lastly, the circuit can be manipulated by diversifying its function as a detector, where it can produce an alarm signal when emergency case occurs such as the house or premise is on fire.
Temperature Based Fan Controller can be used for reducing the power consumption & also to assist people who are disabled and are unable to control the speed of fan.It may also be used for monitoring changes in environment.
This document presents a mini project on an automatic temperature controlled fan. It includes an introduction, block diagram, components used, power supply details, and an introduction to the microcontroller used - PIC16F72. The system uses an LM35 temperature sensor, PIC microcontroller, DC fan driver circuit, resistors, diodes, capacitors, and voltage regulator. It regulates fan speed automatically based on temperature readings from the LM35 sensor through PWM control of the fan's driver circuit.
Automatic temperature control using 8085 microprocessorsubhradeep mitra
This document describes an automatic temperature control system using an 8085 microprocessor. The system uses an AD590 temperature sensor, differential amplifier, ADC0808 converter, and 8085 microprocessor to control a heater or cooler based on upper and lower temperature setpoints. The system aims to minimize manual intervention in industrial temperature control applications. Key components include the temperature input unit, processing unit, and control output unit. The system provides temperature control with minimal components at low cost.
This document describes an industrial temperature controller that uses a microcontroller and digital temperature sensor to control the temperature of a device. It displays the current, minimum, and maximum temperatures on an LCD screen and uses a relay connected to a heating element to maintain the temperature within the set limits. The controller requires components like a transformer, voltage regulator, capacitors, resistors, and transistors. It is intended to control temperature in industrial applications like manufacturing to maintain quality.
Here is the code for an open loop speed controller:
#include <PWM.h>
#define ENABLE 5
#define DIR1 3
#define DIR2 4
void setup() {
pinMode(ENABLE, OUTPUT);
pinMode(DIR1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(DIR2, OUTPUT);
PWM.begin();
PWM.setPeriod(500); // Period in microseconds
}
void loop() {
// Run motor forward at half speed
digitalWrite(DIR1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(DIR2, LOW);
PWM.setDuty(ENABLE, 50); // Duty cycle in percent
delay(2000); // Run for 2 seconds
Temperature based fan speed control & monitoring usingJagannath Dutta
Our object of making this project is for reducing the power consumption. And also to assist people who are disabled and are unable to control the speed of fan.
This paper presents an innovative prototype design of electric fan with smart characteristics. This electric fan uses a microcontroller to produce an automation function. It also has a unique double feature designs, such as using 2 fans, 2 Light Emitting Diodes (LED) and 2 sensors. This is to ensure the cooling process operates more efficiently and effectively, especially for a large space application and in hot weather due to global warming. By applying the circuit, it offers a better life for human. It is really practical for senior citizens to make their life simpler. The circuit is also suitable for disabled people who have difficulty to switch on the fan manually. Lastly, the circuit can be manipulated by diversifying its function as a detector, where it can produce an alarm signal when emergency case occurs such as the house or premise is on fire.
Temperature Based Fan Controller can be used for reducing the power consumption & also to assist people who are disabled and are unable to control the speed of fan.It may also be used for monitoring changes in environment.
This document presents a mini project on an automatic temperature controlled fan. It includes an introduction, block diagram, components used, power supply details, and an introduction to the microcontroller used - PIC16F72. The system uses an LM35 temperature sensor, PIC microcontroller, DC fan driver circuit, resistors, diodes, capacitors, and voltage regulator. It regulates fan speed automatically based on temperature readings from the LM35 sensor through PWM control of the fan's driver circuit.
Automatic temperature control using 8085 microprocessorsubhradeep mitra
This document describes an automatic temperature control system using an 8085 microprocessor. The system uses an AD590 temperature sensor, differential amplifier, ADC0808 converter, and 8085 microprocessor to control a heater or cooler based on upper and lower temperature setpoints. The system aims to minimize manual intervention in industrial temperature control applications. Key components include the temperature input unit, processing unit, and control output unit. The system provides temperature control with minimal components at low cost.
This document describes an industrial temperature controller that uses a microcontroller and digital temperature sensor to control the temperature of a device. It displays the current, minimum, and maximum temperatures on an LCD screen and uses a relay connected to a heating element to maintain the temperature within the set limits. The controller requires components like a transformer, voltage regulator, capacitors, resistors, and transistors. It is intended to control temperature in industrial applications like manufacturing to maintain quality.
Here is the code for an open loop speed controller:
#include <PWM.h>
#define ENABLE 5
#define DIR1 3
#define DIR2 4
void setup() {
pinMode(ENABLE, OUTPUT);
pinMode(DIR1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(DIR2, OUTPUT);
PWM.begin();
PWM.setPeriod(500); // Period in microseconds
}
void loop() {
// Run motor forward at half speed
digitalWrite(DIR1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(DIR2, LOW);
PWM.setDuty(ENABLE, 50); // Duty cycle in percent
delay(2000); // Run for 2 seconds
The document outlines the design, construction, and testing of an automatic speed controller for a fan based on temperature readings from a sensor. Key points:
- The controller automatically adjusts the fan speed based on the temperature detected by a sensor to conserve energy and provide user convenience.
- It uses an Arduino board to control the speed of a DC motor connected to the fan via pulse width modulation based on temperature readings from a DHT11 sensor.
- The controller was tested over a temperature range of 30-34°C and showed that it successfully increased or decreased the fan speed from 2550-4910 rpm as the temperature increased or decreased respectively, with errors within 4%.
Arduino based automatic temperature controlled fan speed regulatorEdgefxkits & Solutions
Using an analog temperature LM35 interfaced to the built in ADC of a programmed Arduino to develop varying duty cycle of PWM output for a driver IC to run a DC motor automatically according to the sensed temperature at different speed based on the temperature sensed.
This project proposes automatic detection of human and energy saving room architecture to reduce standby power consumption and to make the temperature of the room easily controllable with an IR sensor and Lm35 temperature sensor using air conditioner . The proposed auto-detection of human done using the IR sensor to indicate the entering or exit ofthe persons. Microcontroller continuously monitors the infrared receiver. When any object pass throughthe IR receiver then the IR rays falling on the receiver are obstructed, this obstruction is sensed by the microcontroller ATMEGA16.When the temperature of the room is varied then the lm35 temperature sensor converts this temperature change into voltage which is then sensed by the microcontroller ATMEGA16 .
In such cases our project is aimed at starting one ac among both depending upon the temperature value at a particular room .If the temperature on the particular room is above certain range then the AC in that room will start up and during this time the AC in the other room will remain switched off. When the temperature goes below 25 degree in the room where AC is already on will be switched off automatically. Then if the temperature on the other room during the time is above 30degree then the AC in that room will start up and vice versa .The second feature of our project is aimed at switching of the AC automatically when there is absence of human beings in a particular room .The entire scheme is designed using number of ATMEGA16 microcontrollers , temperature sensors , digital counter ,IR sensors , relay etc.
This project will solve the day-to-day problem where AC’s do not start up due to low voltage generally in rural areas .This will start the AC depending upon the temperature label in a room by sharing the load .Also this project can be extended for controlling the temperature in more rooms in an apartment.
temperature dependent dc fan speed controller withou using micrcontrollerDeepak Yadav
This document describes the development of an automatic fan system that controls fan speed based on room temperature. It uses a LM35 temperature sensor to detect temperature changes and an LM3914 integrated circuit to automatically adjust the fan speed through relays. The system aims to enable automatic fan speed control, develop an automatic fan system that changes speed according to temperature, and allow users to view the temperature and speed status on an LCD display. It works by sensing temperature with the LM35 sensor and sending the output to the LM3914 IC, which activates relays to change the fan speed as the temperature rises or falls.
Here is a circuit through which the
speed of a fan can be linearly controlled
automatically, depending
on the room temperature. The circuit is
highly efficient as it uses thyristors for
power control. Alternatively, the same
circuit can be used for automatic temperature
controlled AC power control.
In this circuit, the temperature sensor
used is an NTC thermistor, i.e. one having
a negative temperature coefficient. The
value of thermistor resistance at 25°C is
about 1 kilo-ohm.
Op-amp A1 essentially works as
I to V (current-to-voltage) converter
and converts temperature variations
into voltage variations. To amplify
the change in voltage due to change in
temperature, instrumentation amplifier
formed by op-amps A2, A3 and A4
is used. Resistor R2 and zener diode
D1 combination is used for generating
reference voltage as we want to amplify
only change in voltage due to the
change in temperature.
Op-amp μA741 (IC2) works as a
comparator. One input to the comparator
is the output from the instrumentation
amplifier while the other input
is the stepped down, rectified and
suitably attenuated sample of AC voltage.
This is a negative going pulsating
DC voltage. It will be observed that
with increase in temperature, pin 2 of
IC2 goes more and more negative and
hence the width of the positive going
output pulses (at pin 6) increases linearly
with the temperature. Thus IC2
functions as a pulse width modulator
in this circuit. The output from the
comparator is coupled to an optocoupler,
which in turn controls the AC
power delivered to fan (load).
The circuit has a high sensitivity and
the output RMS voltage (across load) can
be varied from 120V to 230V (for a temp.
range of 22°C to 36°C), and hence wide
variations in speed are available. Also
note that speed varies linearly and not
in steps. Besides, since an optocoupler is
used, the control circuit is fully isolated
from power circuit, thus providing added
safety. Note that for any given temperature
the speed of fan (i.e. voltage across
load) can be adjusted to a desired value
by adjusting potmeters VR1 and VR2
appropriately.
Potmeter VR1 should he initially kept
in its mid position to realise a gain of approximately
40 from the instrumentation
amplifier. It may be subsequently trimmed
slightly to obtain linear variation of the
fan speed.
Temperature based speed control of fan using microcontrollerÇdh Suman
This document describes a temperature control project using an LM35 temperature sensor, ATMEGA32 microcontroller, DC motor, and other components. It uses pulse width modulation (PWM) to control the speed of the DC motor based on temperature readings from the LM35 sensor. The temperature readings are taken with the microcontroller's analog-to-digital converter and used to generate the PWM output that controls the motor driver and DC motor speed. The document outlines the components, methodology including a flow chart, and software implementation on the microcontroller. Applications mentioned include temperature control in computers, exhaust fans, washing machines, and CD/DVD players.
Automatic room temperature controlled fan using arduino uno microcontrollerMohammod Al Emran
This paper presents the designs and the simulation of a DC fan control system based on room temperature using pulse width modulation technique, humidity and temperature sensor namely DHT11 with Arduino Uno Microcontroller. The fan will be used to reduce temperature of a room at certain level. To build the fan, we will use DTH11 Humidity Sensor. The sensor will measure the temperature continuously. When the temperature gets higher from a specific temperature, the fan will be on “On” mode. The speed of the fan will be determined by pwm using pulse-width modulation. The temperature along with the speed of the fan will be displayed through LCD monitor.
This 3-page lab report describes a temperature controlled automatic switch circuit project. The circuit uses an LM35 temperature sensor and LM358 op-amp to monitor temperature. When temperature exceeds 30 degrees Celsius, the op-amp triggers a transistor to power a relay, switching on a connected appliance like a light bulb or fan. The threshold can be adjusted using a variable resistor. The circuit provides automatic temperature-based control of home appliances without manual intervention.
The document describes a project to control the speed of a fan using a microcontroller based on temperature readings from an LM35 temperature sensor. It uses an ATMEGA32 microcontroller to read the analog output from the LM35 sensor, convert it to a digital value, and generate a PWM signal to control the speed of a brushless DC motor fan. The PWM duty cycle is varied in steps from 20% to 80% over temperature ranges from 25°C to 65°C to efficiently control the fan speed based on temperature. Hardware and software implementation details are provided along with applications and a conclusion on open loop control performance.
Temperature based fan speed control & monitoring usingJagannath Dutta
Our object of making this project is for reducing the power consumption. And also to assist people who are disabled and are unable to control the speed of fan.
made by ;
M. Daddy Refa Manreza 151611015
Nurlatifa Haulaini 151611019
Ronito Halason 151611027
Group 9
2A
D3 Teknik Pendingin dan Tata Udara
Politeknik Negeri Bandung
This document describes the design of a temperature control system. The objective is to design an affordable and effective temperature control system for rooms that automatically switches the fan and heater based on a preset temperature. It details the components used, including a temperature sensor, comparator, relay module, and actuators for the fan and heater. The system works by sensing the current temperature, comparing it to the preset value, and switching the fan or heater on if needed to maintain comfort.
DESIGN OF TEMPERATURE BASED FAN SPEED CONTROL and MONITORING USING ARDUINORatnesh Kumar chaurasia
This practical temperature controller controls the temperature of any device according to its requirement for any industrial application, it also has a feature of remote speed control.
This project creates an automatic temperature fan controller using an LM35 temperature sensor, comparator, relay, and reference voltage. The circuit senses temperature and automatically controls a fan to keep the temperature within a set range. It was assembled, tested, and found to work satisfactorily by automatically turning the fan on or off based on temperature readings from the LM35 sensor.
This document describes a temperature control system using a microcontroller that can operate automatically or manually using an external interrupt. The system uses PWM to vary the motor duty cycle based on temperature readings from an ADC. Simulations show how duty cycle and motor speed increase with higher temperatures. The system has applications for controlling power consumption in air conditioners and cooling computer processors or facilities. The problem statement and simulations are complete but the hardware implementation is only partially finished.
This document describes a temperature controlled fan project. It contains a block diagram showing the main components: an 8051 microcontroller, temperature sensor, ADC, motor driver, fan motor, and 7-segment displays. It also provides details on the working, which involves measuring temperature, displaying it on the 7-segment displays, and varying the fan speed based on the temperature using PWM. Simulation results and hardware implementation snapshots are included. The project aims to automatically control fan speed based on sensed temperature.
This document describes a temperature controller project using a PIC microcontroller. It controls temperature by varying the firing angle of a thyristor to adjust AC power levels from 1-100%. A K-type thermocouple measures temperature and its output is amplified before being read by the PIC. The PIC detects zero crossings to determine when to trigger the triac using a TRIAC firing angle control circuit. The system aims to control temperature in applications like ovens and furnaces.
This document describes an automatic temperature-controlled fan project using an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The fan will automatically turn on when the temperature reaches 35°C as measured by a temperature sensor, and will turn off again when the temperature drops below 35°C, in order to regulate the environment and reduce energy consumption. The system includes an Arduino, temperature sensor, LCD display, DC motor fan, battery power source, and connecting wires. Potential applications include use in homes and industries to assist people and save electricity by automating fan control based on temperature changes.
The document provides an overview of embedded systems and their components. It discusses embedded hardware such as microcontrollers and microprocessors. Specific microcontrollers like the 8051 and PIC are examined in terms of their features, pin diagrams, and basic components. The hardware design of embedded systems including power supply, signal generation, and peripheral integration is also covered. Programming embedded systems in C and example programs are outlined.
The document discusses color temperature in photography and videography. It provides information on:
- Color temperature is measured in Kelvins, with indoor lighting being around 3200K and outdoor lighting around 5600K. Lower Kelvin values have an orange hue while higher values have a blue hue.
- The three determinants of exposure are f-stops, shutter speed, and sensitivity. The three elements of depth of field are aperture, camera/subject distance, and focal length.
- It provides settings recommendations and explanations for a Sony PMW-EX1 camera, including shutter speed, video format, country, ND filters, white balance, and zebra settings.
The document outlines the design, construction, and testing of an automatic speed controller for a fan based on temperature readings from a sensor. Key points:
- The controller automatically adjusts the fan speed based on the temperature detected by a sensor to conserve energy and provide user convenience.
- It uses an Arduino board to control the speed of a DC motor connected to the fan via pulse width modulation based on temperature readings from a DHT11 sensor.
- The controller was tested over a temperature range of 30-34°C and showed that it successfully increased or decreased the fan speed from 2550-4910 rpm as the temperature increased or decreased respectively, with errors within 4%.
Arduino based automatic temperature controlled fan speed regulatorEdgefxkits & Solutions
Using an analog temperature LM35 interfaced to the built in ADC of a programmed Arduino to develop varying duty cycle of PWM output for a driver IC to run a DC motor automatically according to the sensed temperature at different speed based on the temperature sensed.
This project proposes automatic detection of human and energy saving room architecture to reduce standby power consumption and to make the temperature of the room easily controllable with an IR sensor and Lm35 temperature sensor using air conditioner . The proposed auto-detection of human done using the IR sensor to indicate the entering or exit ofthe persons. Microcontroller continuously monitors the infrared receiver. When any object pass throughthe IR receiver then the IR rays falling on the receiver are obstructed, this obstruction is sensed by the microcontroller ATMEGA16.When the temperature of the room is varied then the lm35 temperature sensor converts this temperature change into voltage which is then sensed by the microcontroller ATMEGA16 .
In such cases our project is aimed at starting one ac among both depending upon the temperature value at a particular room .If the temperature on the particular room is above certain range then the AC in that room will start up and during this time the AC in the other room will remain switched off. When the temperature goes below 25 degree in the room where AC is already on will be switched off automatically. Then if the temperature on the other room during the time is above 30degree then the AC in that room will start up and vice versa .The second feature of our project is aimed at switching of the AC automatically when there is absence of human beings in a particular room .The entire scheme is designed using number of ATMEGA16 microcontrollers , temperature sensors , digital counter ,IR sensors , relay etc.
This project will solve the day-to-day problem where AC’s do not start up due to low voltage generally in rural areas .This will start the AC depending upon the temperature label in a room by sharing the load .Also this project can be extended for controlling the temperature in more rooms in an apartment.
temperature dependent dc fan speed controller withou using micrcontrollerDeepak Yadav
This document describes the development of an automatic fan system that controls fan speed based on room temperature. It uses a LM35 temperature sensor to detect temperature changes and an LM3914 integrated circuit to automatically adjust the fan speed through relays. The system aims to enable automatic fan speed control, develop an automatic fan system that changes speed according to temperature, and allow users to view the temperature and speed status on an LCD display. It works by sensing temperature with the LM35 sensor and sending the output to the LM3914 IC, which activates relays to change the fan speed as the temperature rises or falls.
Here is a circuit through which the
speed of a fan can be linearly controlled
automatically, depending
on the room temperature. The circuit is
highly efficient as it uses thyristors for
power control. Alternatively, the same
circuit can be used for automatic temperature
controlled AC power control.
In this circuit, the temperature sensor
used is an NTC thermistor, i.e. one having
a negative temperature coefficient. The
value of thermistor resistance at 25°C is
about 1 kilo-ohm.
Op-amp A1 essentially works as
I to V (current-to-voltage) converter
and converts temperature variations
into voltage variations. To amplify
the change in voltage due to change in
temperature, instrumentation amplifier
formed by op-amps A2, A3 and A4
is used. Resistor R2 and zener diode
D1 combination is used for generating
reference voltage as we want to amplify
only change in voltage due to the
change in temperature.
Op-amp μA741 (IC2) works as a
comparator. One input to the comparator
is the output from the instrumentation
amplifier while the other input
is the stepped down, rectified and
suitably attenuated sample of AC voltage.
This is a negative going pulsating
DC voltage. It will be observed that
with increase in temperature, pin 2 of
IC2 goes more and more negative and
hence the width of the positive going
output pulses (at pin 6) increases linearly
with the temperature. Thus IC2
functions as a pulse width modulator
in this circuit. The output from the
comparator is coupled to an optocoupler,
which in turn controls the AC
power delivered to fan (load).
The circuit has a high sensitivity and
the output RMS voltage (across load) can
be varied from 120V to 230V (for a temp.
range of 22°C to 36°C), and hence wide
variations in speed are available. Also
note that speed varies linearly and not
in steps. Besides, since an optocoupler is
used, the control circuit is fully isolated
from power circuit, thus providing added
safety. Note that for any given temperature
the speed of fan (i.e. voltage across
load) can be adjusted to a desired value
by adjusting potmeters VR1 and VR2
appropriately.
Potmeter VR1 should he initially kept
in its mid position to realise a gain of approximately
40 from the instrumentation
amplifier. It may be subsequently trimmed
slightly to obtain linear variation of the
fan speed.
Temperature based speed control of fan using microcontrollerÇdh Suman
This document describes a temperature control project using an LM35 temperature sensor, ATMEGA32 microcontroller, DC motor, and other components. It uses pulse width modulation (PWM) to control the speed of the DC motor based on temperature readings from the LM35 sensor. The temperature readings are taken with the microcontroller's analog-to-digital converter and used to generate the PWM output that controls the motor driver and DC motor speed. The document outlines the components, methodology including a flow chart, and software implementation on the microcontroller. Applications mentioned include temperature control in computers, exhaust fans, washing machines, and CD/DVD players.
Automatic room temperature controlled fan using arduino uno microcontrollerMohammod Al Emran
This paper presents the designs and the simulation of a DC fan control system based on room temperature using pulse width modulation technique, humidity and temperature sensor namely DHT11 with Arduino Uno Microcontroller. The fan will be used to reduce temperature of a room at certain level. To build the fan, we will use DTH11 Humidity Sensor. The sensor will measure the temperature continuously. When the temperature gets higher from a specific temperature, the fan will be on “On” mode. The speed of the fan will be determined by pwm using pulse-width modulation. The temperature along with the speed of the fan will be displayed through LCD monitor.
This 3-page lab report describes a temperature controlled automatic switch circuit project. The circuit uses an LM35 temperature sensor and LM358 op-amp to monitor temperature. When temperature exceeds 30 degrees Celsius, the op-amp triggers a transistor to power a relay, switching on a connected appliance like a light bulb or fan. The threshold can be adjusted using a variable resistor. The circuit provides automatic temperature-based control of home appliances without manual intervention.
The document describes a project to control the speed of a fan using a microcontroller based on temperature readings from an LM35 temperature sensor. It uses an ATMEGA32 microcontroller to read the analog output from the LM35 sensor, convert it to a digital value, and generate a PWM signal to control the speed of a brushless DC motor fan. The PWM duty cycle is varied in steps from 20% to 80% over temperature ranges from 25°C to 65°C to efficiently control the fan speed based on temperature. Hardware and software implementation details are provided along with applications and a conclusion on open loop control performance.
Temperature based fan speed control & monitoring usingJagannath Dutta
Our object of making this project is for reducing the power consumption. And also to assist people who are disabled and are unable to control the speed of fan.
made by ;
M. Daddy Refa Manreza 151611015
Nurlatifa Haulaini 151611019
Ronito Halason 151611027
Group 9
2A
D3 Teknik Pendingin dan Tata Udara
Politeknik Negeri Bandung
This document describes the design of a temperature control system. The objective is to design an affordable and effective temperature control system for rooms that automatically switches the fan and heater based on a preset temperature. It details the components used, including a temperature sensor, comparator, relay module, and actuators for the fan and heater. The system works by sensing the current temperature, comparing it to the preset value, and switching the fan or heater on if needed to maintain comfort.
DESIGN OF TEMPERATURE BASED FAN SPEED CONTROL and MONITORING USING ARDUINORatnesh Kumar chaurasia
This practical temperature controller controls the temperature of any device according to its requirement for any industrial application, it also has a feature of remote speed control.
This project creates an automatic temperature fan controller using an LM35 temperature sensor, comparator, relay, and reference voltage. The circuit senses temperature and automatically controls a fan to keep the temperature within a set range. It was assembled, tested, and found to work satisfactorily by automatically turning the fan on or off based on temperature readings from the LM35 sensor.
This document describes a temperature control system using a microcontroller that can operate automatically or manually using an external interrupt. The system uses PWM to vary the motor duty cycle based on temperature readings from an ADC. Simulations show how duty cycle and motor speed increase with higher temperatures. The system has applications for controlling power consumption in air conditioners and cooling computer processors or facilities. The problem statement and simulations are complete but the hardware implementation is only partially finished.
This document describes a temperature controlled fan project. It contains a block diagram showing the main components: an 8051 microcontroller, temperature sensor, ADC, motor driver, fan motor, and 7-segment displays. It also provides details on the working, which involves measuring temperature, displaying it on the 7-segment displays, and varying the fan speed based on the temperature using PWM. Simulation results and hardware implementation snapshots are included. The project aims to automatically control fan speed based on sensed temperature.
This document describes a temperature controller project using a PIC microcontroller. It controls temperature by varying the firing angle of a thyristor to adjust AC power levels from 1-100%. A K-type thermocouple measures temperature and its output is amplified before being read by the PIC. The PIC detects zero crossings to determine when to trigger the triac using a TRIAC firing angle control circuit. The system aims to control temperature in applications like ovens and furnaces.
This document describes an automatic temperature-controlled fan project using an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The fan will automatically turn on when the temperature reaches 35°C as measured by a temperature sensor, and will turn off again when the temperature drops below 35°C, in order to regulate the environment and reduce energy consumption. The system includes an Arduino, temperature sensor, LCD display, DC motor fan, battery power source, and connecting wires. Potential applications include use in homes and industries to assist people and save electricity by automating fan control based on temperature changes.
The document provides an overview of embedded systems and their components. It discusses embedded hardware such as microcontrollers and microprocessors. Specific microcontrollers like the 8051 and PIC are examined in terms of their features, pin diagrams, and basic components. The hardware design of embedded systems including power supply, signal generation, and peripheral integration is also covered. Programming embedded systems in C and example programs are outlined.
The document discusses color temperature in photography and videography. It provides information on:
- Color temperature is measured in Kelvins, with indoor lighting being around 3200K and outdoor lighting around 5600K. Lower Kelvin values have an orange hue while higher values have a blue hue.
- The three determinants of exposure are f-stops, shutter speed, and sensitivity. The three elements of depth of field are aperture, camera/subject distance, and focal length.
- It provides settings recommendations and explanations for a Sony PMW-EX1 camera, including shutter speed, video format, country, ND filters, white balance, and zebra settings.
MCB stands for Miniature Circuit Breaker. It is a manually or automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. It detects fault conditions and interrupts current flow, unlike a fuse which must be replaced after operating. MCBs protect individual appliances up to large high voltage circuits for cities. They automatically switch off circuits during abnormal network conditions like overloads or faults. MCBs are more sensitive to overcurrent than fuses but can be reset to resume operation, while an advantage of fuses is they are less costly than MCB systems.
Factors affecting acoustic of building and their remediesDhrupal Patel
The document discusses various factors that affect acoustic quality in buildings, including reverberation time, loudness, focusing, echo, echelon effect, resonance, and noise. It provides explanations of each factor and potential remedies. Reverberation time can be optimized through the use of sound absorbing materials on walls, ceilings, floors, and furnishings. Loudness can be made more uniform through strategic placement of absorbers and use of reflecting surfaces. Curved surfaces should be avoided or covered to prevent focusing effects. Echoes and echelon effects are remedied by covering reflective surfaces. Resonance is addressed by ensuring tight fittings. Noise is categorized as airborne, structure-borne, or inside noise, each with corresponding
Architectural acoustics topics and remedies - short presentationJayanshu Gundaniya
This document discusses factors that affect architectural acoustics, including reverberation time, loudness, echo effects, structure-borne sound, focusing of sound waves, and resonance. It explains how each factor impacts sound quality and lists remedies such as using sound absorbing or reflecting materials on walls and ceilings to optimize reverberation time and loudness or prevent echoes and focusing of sound waves. Modeling acoustic effects in a water tank can help design actual halls to avoid unwanted resonance.
Solar water heating systems (SWHS) harness solar energy to heat water and are a cost-effective alternative to using electricity or fossil fuels for water heating. SWHS have been used in many countries since the early 1900s and became widespread in places like Israel in the 1950s due to restrictions on fossil fuel use. India receives high levels of solar radiation and SWHS can provide a suitable alternative for water heating across the country, helping save energy costs and reduce environmental degradation. The Indian government has implemented various policies and incentives to promote the adoption of SWHS.
A complete Presentation on SOLAR WATER HEATER by himanshu kumarrajaricky
The most emerging system in the field of utilization of solar energy by saving money with low payback period. Water heating technology is the old age technology but using solar energy as a energy source is viable and eco-friendly.
Last February 17, 2012, the 2nd IIEE-CRCSA Technical Seminar kicked off with a good response from the members and non-members with the participation of more than 100 who showed-up at the White Palace Hotel, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Seminar title was “Basics of Indoor Lighting using DIALux”. The seminar was conducted by Engr. Michael T. Santiago, a Lighting Application & Design Engineer from Saudi Lighting Company. The participants were awed by his DIALux 4.10 software demonstration specially when he imported a room layout from AutoCad drawing and applied the lighting calculation on it which later provided a very nice colored 3-D drawing of the room. A continuation of this seminar which is “Basics of Outdoor Lighting” will be presented on the incoming 14th Midyear Convention.
SOURCE: http://iiee-crcsa.org/index.php/9-news-articles/90-iiee-crcsa-second-technical-seminar-kicked-off
Acoustical considerations in designing musical auditoriums are complex with many interrelated factors. An ideal reverberation time (RT) must balance fullness of tone with loudness, definition, and diffusion. However, RT alone does not guarantee acoustic excellence - it is one contributing factor. Definition is satisfactory if the initial time delay gap is under 20 milliseconds, direct sound is loud relative to reverberant sound, and there is no echo. Providing adequate bass over large audiences is difficult since many instruments are weak in fundamentals.
This document provides information about the acoustics of two auditoriums - the Jamshed Bhabha Theatre in Mumbai and the auditorium at St. Andrew's College in Bandra, Mumbai. It discusses the design features of both auditoriums aimed at achieving good acoustics such as absorbing and diffusing surfaces on walls and ceilings. Details are given about the seating capacity, entrance/exits, stage, control room, green rooms and technical specifications of both auditoriums. The history and architectural elements of the Jamshed Bhabha Theatre are described in more depth.
INTERIOR LIGHTING DESIGN A STUDENT'S GUIDEno suhaila
This guide on lighting design is intended for students who have no prior knowledge of lighting and also for those who are experienced but would like to bring themselves up to date with developments in lamp and luminaire design, modern design theory, European Standards and the CIBSE code for Interior Lighting 1994.
It develops the basic principles of lighting science but then goes on to provide a modern design perspective for both artificial lighting and day lighting which will be useful to experienced designers.
Sound is a disturbance that passes through a medium as longitudinal waves, causing the sensation of hearing. The speed of sound differs depending on the molecular composition of the medium. When sound waves encounter barriers in an enclosed space, they can be reflected, absorbed, refracted, diffused, diffracted, or transmitted. Reflection occurs when the wavelength is smaller than the surface, causing the waves to hit the enclosure continuously until the energy reduces to zero. Absorption occurs when some of the wave's energy is lost through transfer to barrier molecules. Refraction is the bending of sound waves when passing between different media. [END SUMMARY]
The document discusses the design considerations for auditoriums and recording studios. It addresses factors like room shape, size, absorption, diffusion, and reverberation time that impact acoustics. For auditoriums, a sloped floor and splayed walls can improve speech intelligibility. Absorption is placed in seating areas while keeping the stage reflective. Recording studios require low ambient noise and optimal reverberation. Room dimensions impact resonant modes so larger, irregularly-shaped rooms are preferred.
The document discusses various acoustic panel materials and their properties that can be used to improve acoustics in auditoriums. It describes acoustic panels made of sound absorbing cotton and aluminum frames that provide wide frequency sound absorption. It also mentions decorative acoustic wall panels that have both acoustic and decorative functions. Acoustic tiles, drywall, carpet, foam and eco-friendly absorption materials are outlined with their acoustic properties and applications in rooms where optimal sound is desired such as recording studios, theaters and meeting halls. Seating for auditoriums is also covered, describing molded foam, finishes and numbered/identified seats for ease of use.
This document provides an overview of refrigeration and air conditioning systems. It begins by explaining that refrigeration and air conditioning are used to cool products or environments. It then discusses the basic refrigeration cycle involving heat absorption and rejection. The document outlines different types of refrigeration systems, including vapor compression and vapor absorption. It also describes window air conditioners and split air conditioners. The working of a split AC is explained, noting that it splits the hot and cold sides with the evaporator inside and condenser outside. In closing, the document thanks the reader for their attention.
This document provides an overview of basic air conditioning concepts and typical all-air HVAC systems. It describes the major components, including coils, fans, dampers, and control systems. Typical AC units discussed are rooftop packages, split systems, chilled water air handlers, and VAV systems. The document also outlines equipment types, control types, and provides some basic rules of thumb for HVAC design and operation.
This document discusses different types of air conditioning systems and their components. It describes window air conditioning systems, split air conditioning systems, centralized air conditioning systems, and packaged air conditioning systems. It also discusses new technologies like district cooling systems and chilled beam systems. The cooling cycle/refrigeration cycle is explained through its key components: compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. Requirements for coolants used in air conditioning systems are outlined.
This document discusses various types of acoustical materials used to control sound, including sound absorbers, diffusers, barriers, and reflectors. It provides details on common sound absorbing materials like acoustical foam panels, fabric-wrapped panels, wall coverings, ceiling tiles, and baffles. These materials use porous materials like foam, fiberglass, and fabrics to absorb sound waves. The document also briefly mentions sound diffusers which scatter sound reflections instead of absorbing them.
This document describes an automatic railway gate control system that replaces manually operated gates. It aims to reduce the time gates are closed and improve safety for road users. The system uses infrared sensors to detect approaching trains and automatically open and close the gate. When a "foreside" sensor detects an approaching train, the gate closes. It remains closed until the train triggers the "aft side" sensor, causing the gate to reopen. This automatic system reduces delays caused by late trains and removes the need for human gatekeepers. It provides reliable operation at unmanned crossings to improve safety. The document outlines the components, circuit design, and PCB layout for the automatic gate control system.
The objective of this project is to make
a controller based model to count
number of persons visiting particular
room and accordingly light up the room.
Here we can use sensor and can know
the present number of persons.
Gsm based smart card information for lost atm cardsSomanchi Aditya
This document describes a project to design a system that automatically detects lost ATM cards and sends an alert message to a predefined phone number. The system uses a GSM modem connected to a PIC microcontroller. The microcontroller is connected to an LCD display, smart card reader, and other components. When a lost card is inserted, the microcontroller will send an SMS message via the GSM modem. The document provides details on the various hardware components used and how they interface with each other.
Our project “GSM based Garbage Disposal” is mainly intended to control the ON/OFF operations of the irrigation motor by using a mobile phone. The mobile phone present in the system uses auto answer function to lift the call. Each key in the mobile phone transmits two tones with different frequencies when pressed. These transmitted frequencies are decoded using DTMF decoder and the decoded value is fed as input to micro controller which in turn operates switches like Relay and Triac to which the irrigation motor is connected. The input value to the micro controller will be checked and respective operation of that key will be performed like switching ON/OFF the irrigation motor. The system also gives feed back through buzzer alarm system.
The document describes a student project on an automatic railway gate control system. It includes a declaration signed by four students stating that the work is original. It also includes an acknowledgements section thanking their supervisor and institution for support and resources. The abstract provides a brief overview of the system, which uses sensors to automatically open and close railway gates based on a train's proximity.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
The document describes a remote control system for multiple cold stores using SMS messages over GSM networks. The system consists of microcontrollers, GSM modems, a PC, and the cold stores. The PC interfaces with a GSM modem to serve as the remote control transmission set. Another set of microcontroller and GSM modem receives SMS messages and uses the microcontroller to analyze and interpret the messages to control operations in the cold stores. The system allows users to remotely control and operate multiple cold stores from anywhere that has mobile network coverage by sending SMS messages with addresses corresponding to the specific cold store.
Project report on dtmf based door opening systemMukul Mohal
The document describes a cell phone security system that allows a user to unlock a door using their cell phone. It works by using DTMF (dual tone multi-frequency) signaling, where each button on the phone's keypad generates a unique tone. When the user calls their home security system and enters a valid password using their phone's keypad, the system verifies the password using the DTMF tones and automatically unlocks the door. The project aims to automate the manual process of unlocking a door with a physical key by allowing it to be unlocked remotely using a cell phone. It provides convenience by allowing entry without needing to get out of a car to unlock the door.
Design of wireless sensor network for building management systemsTSriyaSharma
The primary objective of such this project is to achieve an optimal level of control of occupant comfort while minimizing energy use. Monitoring temperature, pressure, humidity occupancy, and flow rates are key functions of modern building control systems.
INTELLIGENT TRAIN ENGINE PROJECT.
THIS PROJECT IS ABOUT THREE APPLICATIONS IN RAILWAY SYSTEM.
THOSE ARE
1.OBSTACLES DETECTION ON THE RAILWAY TRACKS USING ULTRASONIC SENSORS AND TRAIN ENGINE SPEED CONTROLLING.
2.FIRE DETECTION IN COACHES USING SMOKE SENSORS AND DISPLAY ABOUT FIRE IN TRAIN ENGINE.
3.AUTOMATIC RAILWAY CROSSING GATES CLOSING AND OPENING WHEN TRAIN CROSSING USING IR SENSORS AND ALARM SYSTEM.
This document discusses home security automation and its objectives. It aims to design and implement a home security automation system to control basic appliances while providing security features like motion detection. The system will identify the current status of appliances, detect human motion, read input signals from the control panel, and allow remote users to turn appliances on/off over the internet. It will also randomly turn lights on/off for security and connect appliances to output relays for remote control. Literature on connecting appliances to switches and control panels, security and motion detection, and remote access is reviewed. The hardware and software design, implementation, testing, and analysis of the system are outlined.
The Over and Under Voltage protection circuit can protect electrical appliance from in the condition of power surges.
The project theme was to design an economical and efficient power protection circuit that could be capable of safely isolating the power of machine incase of power surges in mains.
This document describes a student project to build a firefighting robot using an Arduino microcontroller. A group of electrical engineering students will present their project, which uses flame sensors to detect fire and a water pump to extinguish flames. The robot is able to autonomously sense and move towards a fire source, then activate the water pump. The presentation outlines the robot's components, circuit diagram, materials used, and working mechanism to demonstrate how the robot can help fight fires safely.
This document contains an outline for a project on building a black box system for a car. It includes chapters on embedded systems, transformers, microcontrollers, software used, and conclusions. The chapters cover topics like embedded system design cycles, ideal transformer equations, voltage regulators, rectifiers, filters, and the AT89S52 microcontroller's memory and UART. The document provides details on the various components and concepts involved in the project.
three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and trip for p...Vikram Rawani
The project was aimed to prevent failures due to some faults which can be temporary or permanent in 3-phase power supply .
The purpose of our project was to develop an automatic tripping mechanism for the three phase supply system. The project output resets automatically after a brief interruption in the event temporary fault while it remains in tripped condition in case of permanent fault.
The document describes the design and development of an autonomous robot named O.S.C.A.R. The robot uses an ATMega328P microcontroller and various sensors to follow a line and detect objects. The main objectives were to assemble the robot hardware including sensors and code the microcontroller firmware. The firmware uses functions, interrupts, timers and ADC to control motors, read sensors and detect light levels to enable autonomous line following and object detection capabilities. Diagrams of the system block, subsystems and code flow are provided along with explanations of the hardware schematic and functional code implementation.
PLC and Sensors Based Protection and Fault Detection of Induction MotorsMathankumar S
This document presents a new programmable logic controller (PLC)-based protection method for induction motors. The classical and computer-based protection methods have limitations like high cost, reduced accuracy, and lack of visualization. The proposed PLC-based method monitors motor parameters like voltage, current, speed, and temperature without the need for contactors, timers, or analog-to-digital conversion cards. It provides accurate, cost-effective protection with a visual interface to show warnings. The method uses components like current transformers, voltage transformers, sensors, and encoders to monitor the motor and send signals to the PLC.
This document describes a touch screen based home automation system that allows users to remotely control household appliances using a microcontroller. The system uses a regulated power supply, touch screen sensor, microcontroller, RF transmitter and receiver, opto-isolator, TRIAC, and other basic electronic components. The aim is to design and construct a home automation system that can remotely switch appliances on and off. The system has applications in controlling appliances within 100-150 meters and offers simple installation while using wireless technology. However, it is limited to loads up to 200W.
This document categorizes and describes features of an Azbil BMS system. It breaks down the categories into based on the system, level within the system, and how it shows interlocking between systems. It also covers alerts, logging, and trending features, including visual and audio alerts, logs sent through apps, and tracking of frequently faulty devices.
This document outlines the project phases and activities for an EPCMO project. It lists Engineering which includes work breakdown structure and capital expenditure planning. Procurement also includes work breakdown structure and capital expenditure. Construction, Maintenance and Operation are the remaining project phases.
This document outlines steps for organizing technical specifications for building systems in Excel for easier comparison and standardization. Key steps include categorizing systems, creating point-form sheets for each system, adding demarcations and diagrams, including bills of quantities and drawings, and standardizing compliance comparisons between suppliers by locking certain cells for editing. The overall goal is to have specifications in a checklist-like Excel format to more easily add columns, compare suppliers, and standardize requirements.
This document discusses guidelines for installing photovoltaic systems and other renewable energy sources. It covers guidelines for photovoltaic installations in the first section. The second section addresses guidelines for installing other types of renewable energy sources.
This document discusses using Revit for building information modeling. It notes that Revit allows for third party add-ons and real models from catalogs or suppliers. The document also states that Revit enables direct bills of quantities extraction and manual or automatic tagging of equipment and cables to generate control termination lists in Excel.
ACMV manufactures mobile chillers, air conditioners, and solar-powered mobile air conditioners. They also produce air conditioner and wall light hybrid units. Logistics prices may cause the overall prices to fluctuate up or down.
This document outlines the requirements for an ACMV/ECS engineering project which requires 4 parts across mechanical and electrical engineering. The mechanical work includes 2 parts for the air side (ducting and fans) and water side (piping and AC equipment). The electrical work includes secondary electrical from the MCC to field devices and control systems. It provides details on the subcomponents needed for ducting and piping including insulation, boards, dampers, valves, flanges, and strainers. Authority involvement is requested for interface meetings to provide advice and input.
The email from Wilianto discusses various options in Gmail including scheduling meetings in the calendar, sending large files, using Google Office software both online and offline, and different ways to sort files like by thumbnail, tiles, list, icons, or details. It also asks about the logic of being able to send two 10MB files but not one 20MB file. The email covers setting up meeting notes and schedules in Gmail along with options for file sharing and organization.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
1. 4 main electrical loads dari Wili
1. Small power (mcb to load and rccb before mcb) for electrical side just until receptacle of 13A or
15A. from sso to equipment are using rectifier from ac to dc such as phone charger or other
stuff.
Mcb has magnetic part and heat part. Two trigger.
2. Lighting- 1 gang 1 circuit 2 or more circuits can be one mcb if not overload.
2.1 E-WL (external wall light) David Chia relex light.
2.2 I-lights (internal ceiling light)—length to follow gypsum false ceiling of 1200mm or 600mm
(same for grilles aircon ducting system).
3. Motor (fans, pumps) PnS pumps normally at basement or rooftop.
4. Isolators
Card Access system (Icss and Johnson controls)
1. EM lock Normally open/ Normally close
2. Push Button (inside)
3. Card Reader (outside)
4. Breakglass (inside)
5. Controller at riser
Guard Tour system
1. Opposite of ezlink
CCTV
1. PoE for non motor (PTZ)
2. No looping (one cable one camera)
PA
1. Looping depends on amplifier wattage capacity and speaker wattage.
Panel dari Gathergates (low voltage)
1. Electrical DB- Tang Caishun
2. ACMV Motor Control Panel – Bob Fong
2.1 start/ stop/ trip selectors and indicators [lamps]
HT panel (Schneider/ Meiden)
SCV Testing
1. Check lowest cable vision frequency
2. Check highest cable vision frequency
3. If ok, then those frequency in between should be good.
Engineering
1. Schematics
2. 1.1 to know the controller and its location
1.2 to know the number of end to end devices and its cable types.
1.3 Sourcetransmissionloads
順昌 or fidteck Fire Services (消防)
1. 消防電(elv)
Inputs or triggerers
1.1 smoke detectors
1.2 heat detectors
outputs
1.1 visual (strobe lights)
1.2 audio (alarm bells)
at FCC
Main Alarm Panel
Near Staircase [Sub Alarm Panel or mimic & PWD point]
2. 消防水
2.1 sprinkler heads (triggerer)
concealed and exposed(pendant)
3. Fire Extinguisher plan
BMS (Building Management System)
1. Normally park under ACMV contractor scope.
2. Status or inputs or data from field sensors or sensors for automation
2.1 Analog (4-20mA) or pressure 3-15psi
2.2 Digital (binary)
3. Command / instruction to devices/ Control or outputs
3.1 analog
3.2 digital.
4. FCC room command centre
5. Field devices. Damper actuators.
6. AND gate connection in series. Normally open -| |- or 0 state or normal closed -|/|- or 1 state
depend on truth table or modes.
7. OR gate connection in parallel.
8. The purpose of using relay is to get physical normally open or normally close function.
RI( Registered Inspectorate)
1. Modes or Situations
1.1 Blackout situation which systems are operating. Emergency light, genset
1.2 Fire situation which systems are operating. Inputs (random trigger check) and outputs
(audio and visual alarm)
3. 1.3 Lightning protection installation check.
1.4 Public Announcement system check.
1.5 PWD system functional check.
1.6 RI inspector mostly mechanical PE.
Concealed conduits to use PVC type as they are easier to bend as casting schedule is very tight.
Megger Test – Open circuit test. To get as high ohmage as possible to show not crossed to another
cable.
Continuity Test – Short circuit test.
Lamp post J bolt and marking using tape of red and white at site.
After piling works, block cubes of concrete are stacked up on the pile to test the load handling integrity
of the pile.
Moment of inertia concept is used in the tower crane application as the stack of concrete at the end is
used as counter balance.
Electromagnetic is used in lifting of metallic items.
To solve missed out concealed conduits:
1. Hacking of wall (vertical)
2. Hacking of floor (horizontal).
Lightning Protection
1. Vertical down conductor follow columns.
2. Horizontal mesh at roof top.
Gathergates modular panel sizing
1. Qx means the circuit based on the SLD from contractor or consultant.
2. xM means a dimension 100mm for each M. contoh if 3M means 300mm.
DBs are normally located at riser.
3 elements of fire
1. fuel
2. oxygen
3. spark
fire fighting is to remove one or more of the elements.
One of the advantages of Revit[ Revolutionize it]
1. CSD can be done any where of the drawing.
2. The drawing already 2D or 3D because of just component inserting on 3d archi like veribest
CADCAM. Just need to choose the ceiling height when inserting the block or family.
4. 3. 2 types of family, instance[only once or mutation in C++ or programming theory] or type[change
the whole block].
4. Revit process menurut wilianto
5. Archi RevitRevit M&E inserts of family or components routings for piping and
ductingcircuitryauto Bulk Quantity pickup.
6. Revit M&E feature similar to veribest CADCAM to be developed
6.1 auto route.
6.2 Connection tables in order for autoroute.
6.3 Parametric or rules for family objects.
7. Problem site and drawings not tally to Revit drawings.
American Wire Gauge cables the higher the number the smaller the size.
Earth Resistance must be less than 10ohm.
1. Hammer more copper on the same point to reduce the ohmage.
2. Parallel more rods to reduce ohmage.
Underground cables for hdb are laid along streets with manholes for maintenance.
Tabulation of Fire Services detector spacing. Category of corridor and other areas.
1. Heat detector
2. Smoke detector
3. Heat & smoke detector
4. Beam detector
4.1 Infrared
4.2 3600
type
E procurement.
1. To be fair for pricing
Idea in shinryo.
Main con needs to know subcon salary payment and LTA or BCA came out with SOR[ schedule of rates].
3d printing next wave. sense or feel of real materials for e sampling.
Next naviswork [Virtual Reality of Autodesk]. Get the feel of real building even before it is constructed.
Bus interchange design
1. Located almost at every mrt station.
2. New design integrated with shopping mall.
3. Double or multi storey.
Old school design.
1. Hall above canteen.
5. New ISH
1. Utility room
2. Below basketball court
3. Above sports hall.
ACMV Shinryo
1. Ducting/ MV fans installation- subcon Yong Chan/ Jackly…MV fans mostly using ducting
therefore MV fans are installed by ducting contractor.
Plenum—to join 2 or more duct ends [for piping it is called header].
Duct Return system for no ceiling area.
Room Return system for area with RCP normally.
2. Piping/ FCU/ AHU installation –subcon Siang Hoe… Air Conditioning equipment are installed by
them since MV is done by Ducting contractors.
3. Jacketting or insulation for piping- subcon MPW
4. Jacketing for ducting and cladding- in HK they do that
5. CPR piping- MFI
6. Cooling tower - Hydropower
7. Panel supplier – Gathergates
8. BMS- Azbil
Two type of insulations
1. Fire
2. Sound
Prelim Construction used my ideas when i am in shinryo.. ideas in Lavender Aperia Project.
1. Use subcon drafting team.
2. Use excavator for lifting.
Safety & Health in Construction
1. Hazard
1.1 unsafe condition
1.2 unsafe act
2. Risk Assessment
2.1 severity
2.2 frequency
3. Safety Prevention
3.1 elimination
3.2 substitution
3.3 engineering
3.4 administration[contoh PTW]
6. 3.5 PPE.
4. Fire Topic[contoh elements of fire, Fire Drill]
5. Work at Height
6. Handling machines.
7. Lifting.
8. Risk Management.
9. Materials labelling
10. Unsafe materials storage and elimination.
11. Regular fogging.
12. Regular workers check up.
13. Dll.
Radial & Ring Circuit dari Wilianto
1. Radial—parallel.
2. Ring—series.
Motor current calculation
1. Always use apparent power as real power is given based on equipment details.
2. Always use phase voltage.
3. For 3phase divide by 3. Contoh S/3=Vph*I, I= S/(3*Vph) where S= P/cos() so I= P/(3*Vph*cos())
4. For 1phase use S.
CPC =16 sq.mm for phase conductor of 25 sq.mm due to TT system.
one unknown one equation for mathematics algebra.
Weather Proof panels
1. Two doors.
2. Top canopy
3. Bottom entry.
Automation Control dari Wilianto
1. Painstaking manually adjust sensors[switches] and programs initially.
2. Addressing and interlocking [ software and hardware]
3. Testing.
3.1 modes or cases.
4. Commissioning.
5. Real time or virtual simulation.
土木工 wilianto 王上祥.
1. 鐵工
2. 木工
3. 水泥.
4. Fressynet tensioning.
7. 5. Piling test using cubes of concrete.
6. 結構樑圖看法 x 先 y 後
Archi diibaratkan make up
Struktur diibaratkan kerangka tubuh.
M&E diibaratkan darah dan otot.
空調系統.
1. 冷水風吹冷氣 …..FCU (Fan or untuk orang jurusan listrik [the motor] untuk mengetahui kilowatt
ratingnya(風吹) Coil(冷水)Unit)
2. set temperaturethermometer to desired temp variables[ dampers or motorized
valve]summer to set temperature
Computer data structure most common components
1. Array of data for database.
2. Compare
3. Linking to pointers.
印尼國家三樑
1. Legislative 立法委員 lawmakers membuat undang-undang
2. Executive 執行者..政府..hak veto melalui perpres atau pergub. Jadi udah overlapped task ama
legislative.
3. Judicative QAQC..dan hakim atau 監督。
Dulu system republic pusat seperti tiongkok sekarang system republic otonomi tapi belum sampai
republic federal seperti AS.
ELV systems that I did during Shinryo at Downtown East Resort.
1. PA- loopable by zones and wattage of amplifier.
2. CA- in or out of door..IN there is push button and break glass magenetic contact.. Out there are
Card Reader.
3. SCV- test lowest and highest frequency.
4. Car park- sensor embedded on the entrance and exit on the road.
5. PWD- panic button and two wire to panel for audio and two wire for visual.
6. FI- telephone for 2 way duplex communication.
CCTV research idea dari Wilianto
1. Super Power over Ethernet cat6.
1.1 no need extra cable even for Pan[x direction] Tilt[y direction] Zoom[z direction of front
back][motor power consumption] cameras.
1.2 Drone technology for indoor track type CCTV.
8. 1.3 3600
CCTV.
1.4 CCTV with voice using PoE.
1.5 Unlimited storage capability.
1.6 Loopable CCTV.
2. Wireless CCTV.
3. Combo emergency light and other features as a fixture CCTV.
Dmx512- from the name you can know that it can support 512[binary 29
] channels.
So each channel is for one function. If the lighting fixture is 16 channel [pan, tilt, rotate, or other
functions] 512/16 fixtures are supported.
Patch panels to extend more address.
CONCERT ENGINEERING
1. LIGHTING
2. SOUND
1. BASS- LOW FREQUENCY
2. MONITOR SPEAKER
3. VIDEO
3.1 MONITOR VIDEO SCREEN [NEW TREND]
EEE labs
1. Time and frequency. require oscillation so every lab has an oscillator/function generator at each
bench.
2. Time invariant—resistors.
3. Time/ frequency [critical for telecommunications data] variant- capacitors + inductors.
土木工程研究意見.civil engineering research idea.
1. Fast curing cement.
2. Endothermic cement.
3. Pure solid, robust cement without mixing with sands and granite.
ACAD categories or ribbon
1. Draw
2. Modify
3. Dimensions
4. Text
5. Insert
ACAD labs ideas
1. Plugins
1.1 library of symbols and models.
1.2 Linking to simulation software for calculation contoh lux and others.
1.3 Linking to Google maps.
9. 1.4 Conversion to revit families.
2. Portable ACAD or Live ACAD on any PC without installing.
3. Torrents and clouds storage.
Theory of relativity menurut Wilianto
1. Outside the train view and inside the train view simultaneously relate.
Landscape Architects scope
1. External outlook.
Interior Design Architects scope
1. Reflected Ceiling Plan. 600x 600mm board or 600x1200mm board as diffuser and light fittings
are designed according to those sizes.
2. Furniture Layout and dimensions.
ACMV Chiller dari Wilianto
1. Inertia block
2. Pipe support from ground.
3. Chiller jacketing.
4. Silencers
5. Chemical
6. Non chemical.
7. Ionizer
8. UV light germ killing.
9. Fragrances.
10. Auto tube cleaning.
11. Layers or stacking Chillers.
12. Mobile chillers.
Fixed and variable
Cranes
1. Mobile crane
2. Tower crane –semi permanent
Scaffold
1. Mobile scaffold
2. Scaffold with truss.
Pixel or resolution or matrix
1. X of screen multiply by Y of screen and you get pixel of Mpixel or more.
2. Google phone name.
3. Dead cell or one of the point of the resolution is not working. Example one of the matrix.
10. Huawei phone name.
1. Ideos. One of Singapore Polytechnic lectures. US company Ideos.
Tertiary learning
1. Reflections with field visits.
2. And understanding of the subjects.
3. Presentations – demo, animations and videos to supplement the teaching process.
From Shinryo Mr. Yeo advice.
1. Underground or building to building cables should be multicore.
2. To prevent pulling multiple times.
3. Try not to have many 900
bends. Difficult for pulling.
4. Using long bend uPVC pipe.
5. Using nylon string.
Concert sounds
1. Inputs[mike or music]Consoleequaliseramplifierspeaker.
2. Speakers connection in parallel.
3. Since it is in parallel, the ohmage will be halved each time.
School requires automated fire detection. But there is no automated fire fighting.