The Influence of Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor on Staging of Bladd...asclepiuspdfs
Introduction: Bladder cancer is common, expensive, and the number of cases rising with increased survival in the elderly population. Most centers do computed tomography (CT) scan at the point of investigation, and some will carry this out along with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan to have better local staging once the diagnosis of invasive cancer is made. Any surgical procedure would have a likelihood of influencing local staging, and this is a common belief without any evidence. Methods: We have retrospectively analyzed our data to see where the truth lies. We have compared the final pathology of 236 radical cystectomy patients to the staging reports of 241 CT scans and 65 MRI scans. Results: We have ascertained accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity and whether they were influenced by the timing of the transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). There was no significant difference between CT and MRI and the timing of the TURBT. Conclusion: This is the first report in the literature outlining the influence of TURBT. We accept the limitation due to the retrospective nature, small sample size, and variability of the biology of bladder cancer.
Presentazione a cura del Dottor Gabriele Capurso - "HOT TOPICS IN GASTROENTEROLOGIA - I TUMORI DELL'APPARATO DIGERENTE: cosa è cambiato e cosa bisogna sapere" - Roma 10/11/2018
Secondary Malignancy after Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Radical Prostatectom...asclepiuspdfs
Background: This study aims to determine whether the treatment of locally confined prostate cancer (PCa) with external radiotherapy (EBRT) increases the risk to develop secondary malignancies (SM) compared to radical prostatectomy (RPE). Materials and Methods: Data from patients who were treated curatively with RPE or EBRT from 2010 to 2018 and who did not have distant metastases, previous malignancy, or previous treatment with radiotherapy or chemotherapy at the time of diagnosis were reviewed to determine the incidence of SM over a median follow-up period of 47 months (range 12–96 months). Regression models were used to correlate the clinicopathological factors with the incidence of SM.
Innovations conference 2014 md hamidul huque population based assessment of...Cancer Institute NSW
Md. Hamidul Huque - Population-based Assessment of Chemotherapy Associated Febrile Neutropenia hospitalisation and Aligned Bacterial/fungal Infections Among Adult Cancer Patients in NSW, Australia 2006-2007
The Influence of Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor on Staging of Bladd...asclepiuspdfs
Introduction: Bladder cancer is common, expensive, and the number of cases rising with increased survival in the elderly population. Most centers do computed tomography (CT) scan at the point of investigation, and some will carry this out along with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan to have better local staging once the diagnosis of invasive cancer is made. Any surgical procedure would have a likelihood of influencing local staging, and this is a common belief without any evidence. Methods: We have retrospectively analyzed our data to see where the truth lies. We have compared the final pathology of 236 radical cystectomy patients to the staging reports of 241 CT scans and 65 MRI scans. Results: We have ascertained accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity and whether they were influenced by the timing of the transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). There was no significant difference between CT and MRI and the timing of the TURBT. Conclusion: This is the first report in the literature outlining the influence of TURBT. We accept the limitation due to the retrospective nature, small sample size, and variability of the biology of bladder cancer.
Presentazione a cura del Dottor Gabriele Capurso - "HOT TOPICS IN GASTROENTEROLOGIA - I TUMORI DELL'APPARATO DIGERENTE: cosa è cambiato e cosa bisogna sapere" - Roma 10/11/2018
Secondary Malignancy after Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Radical Prostatectom...asclepiuspdfs
Background: This study aims to determine whether the treatment of locally confined prostate cancer (PCa) with external radiotherapy (EBRT) increases the risk to develop secondary malignancies (SM) compared to radical prostatectomy (RPE). Materials and Methods: Data from patients who were treated curatively with RPE or EBRT from 2010 to 2018 and who did not have distant metastases, previous malignancy, or previous treatment with radiotherapy or chemotherapy at the time of diagnosis were reviewed to determine the incidence of SM over a median follow-up period of 47 months (range 12–96 months). Regression models were used to correlate the clinicopathological factors with the incidence of SM.
Innovations conference 2014 md hamidul huque population based assessment of...Cancer Institute NSW
Md. Hamidul Huque - Population-based Assessment of Chemotherapy Associated Febrile Neutropenia hospitalisation and Aligned Bacterial/fungal Infections Among Adult Cancer Patients in NSW, Australia 2006-2007
Author: Dr Christa Maria Joel
Module: Effects of lifestyle on health
Supervisor: Ms Jane Tobias and Dr Daniel Boakye
University of the West of Scotland
Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy Improve Metastatic Lung Cancer OutcomesLaura Lyn Jacimore
A radiation oncologist, Laura Lyn Jacimore works at UNC Nash Health Care System in Rocky Mount, North Carolina, where she consults with physicians to administer radiotherapy treatments to people with cancer. Laura Lyn Jacimore is also a member of the American Society of Therapeutic Radiation Oncology (ASTRO), and regularly attends its annual meetings.
Risk Stratification in Stage II Colon Cancer PatientsRamzi Amri
Objective: AJCC Stage II colon cancer patients form a group where the choice to either undergo or forego adjuvant chemotherapy is far from evident and often remains controversial. This study analyzes several pathological characteristics in order to assess their predictive value for outcomes in stage II colon cancer.
Design: Retrospective review of a prospectively maintained, IRB-approved data repository.
Setting: Tertiary care center.
Patients: A series of 313 consecutive stage II patients treated surgically for colon cancer at our center (2004-2011) were included.
Main outcome measures: Mortality, disease-specific mortality and metastasis, including multivariable Cox regression adjusted for stage subdivisions (II-A/II-B/II-C) and potential confounders.
Results: Colon cancer-specific mortality was substage-independently increased in patients with baseline carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) >5ng/L (HR=2.97;P=0.041), large vessel invasion (HR=3.93; P=0.002) and perineural invasion (HR=3.67; P=0.004). Overall mortality adjusted for substage, age and comorbidity was also significantly higher in patients with high-grade disease (HR=2.73; P<0.001)><0.001).>5ng/L (HR=2.37; P=0.046), large vessel invasion (HR=2.80; P=0.002), perineural invasion (HR=2.57; P=0.010), and extramural vascular invasion (EMVI) (HR=2.83; P=0.002). The number of high-risk features (0,1,2-3,4+) was associated with a clearly incremental increase in disease-specific mortality (P=0.008) and recurrence (P<0.001).>5ng/L, large vessel invasion, perineural invasion and EMVI are all independent risk factors for recurrence and disease-specific mortality in Stage II colon cancer patients. The number of factors present form risk strata that should be weighed heavily in decisions regarding adjuvant treatment.
Anaesthesia considerations and Implications during Oncologic and Non-Oncologi...Apollo Hospitals
Cancer has been the leading cause of mortality in both developed and developing countries. With the advancement in chemotherapeutic agents, the quality and lifespan of patients with advanced malignancies has improved. These patients often come to hospitals for various types of elective and emergency surgeries. The attending anaesthesiologist faces a daunting task while managing these patients as there can be gross physiological derangements in most of the organ systems. A careful and thorough preoperative assessment, optimisation of physiological milieu, vigilant intraoperative monitoring, anticipation of potential complications and postoperative pain control is essential for reducing perioperative mortality and morbidity in these patients.
Cancer Science & Research: Open Access (CSROA) is an Open Access Publication that enlightens and empowers the cancer research community by providing an insight on breakthrough discoveries in basic and clinical cancer research.
ХОСПИСНАЯ И ПАЛЛИАТИВНАЯ ПОМОЩЬ В МИРЕ.
Сомасундарам СУБРАМАНИАН, Хирург-онколог, Директор Евразийской федерации онкологии и Научно-образовательного центра «Евразийская онкологическая программа «ЕАФО», РФ
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HOSPICE & PALLIATIVE CARE WORLD WIDE.
Somasundaram SUBRAMANIAN,
Surgical Oncologist; Director, Eurasian Federation of Oncology & EAFO Educational & Research Center, RF
Neurology is the branch of medicine concerned with the study and treatment of disorders of the nervous system. The nervous system is a complex, sophisticated system that regulates and coordinates body activities. It has two major divisions: Central nervous system: the brain and spinal cord.
Онкологический комплекс медицинского центра "Хаим Шеба" под руководством профессора Рафаэля Катана является одним из крупнейших раковых центров в Израиле. Самые прогрессивные методы лечения сочетаются здесь с сочувственным отношением к пациентам и их моральной поддержкой.
http://rus-tourist.sheba.co.il
Author: Dr Christa Maria Joel
Module: Effects of lifestyle on health
Supervisor: Ms Jane Tobias and Dr Daniel Boakye
University of the West of Scotland
Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy Improve Metastatic Lung Cancer OutcomesLaura Lyn Jacimore
A radiation oncologist, Laura Lyn Jacimore works at UNC Nash Health Care System in Rocky Mount, North Carolina, where she consults with physicians to administer radiotherapy treatments to people with cancer. Laura Lyn Jacimore is also a member of the American Society of Therapeutic Radiation Oncology (ASTRO), and regularly attends its annual meetings.
Risk Stratification in Stage II Colon Cancer PatientsRamzi Amri
Objective: AJCC Stage II colon cancer patients form a group where the choice to either undergo or forego adjuvant chemotherapy is far from evident and often remains controversial. This study analyzes several pathological characteristics in order to assess their predictive value for outcomes in stage II colon cancer.
Design: Retrospective review of a prospectively maintained, IRB-approved data repository.
Setting: Tertiary care center.
Patients: A series of 313 consecutive stage II patients treated surgically for colon cancer at our center (2004-2011) were included.
Main outcome measures: Mortality, disease-specific mortality and metastasis, including multivariable Cox regression adjusted for stage subdivisions (II-A/II-B/II-C) and potential confounders.
Results: Colon cancer-specific mortality was substage-independently increased in patients with baseline carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) >5ng/L (HR=2.97;P=0.041), large vessel invasion (HR=3.93; P=0.002) and perineural invasion (HR=3.67; P=0.004). Overall mortality adjusted for substage, age and comorbidity was also significantly higher in patients with high-grade disease (HR=2.73; P<0.001)><0.001).>5ng/L (HR=2.37; P=0.046), large vessel invasion (HR=2.80; P=0.002), perineural invasion (HR=2.57; P=0.010), and extramural vascular invasion (EMVI) (HR=2.83; P=0.002). The number of high-risk features (0,1,2-3,4+) was associated with a clearly incremental increase in disease-specific mortality (P=0.008) and recurrence (P<0.001).>5ng/L, large vessel invasion, perineural invasion and EMVI are all independent risk factors for recurrence and disease-specific mortality in Stage II colon cancer patients. The number of factors present form risk strata that should be weighed heavily in decisions regarding adjuvant treatment.
Anaesthesia considerations and Implications during Oncologic and Non-Oncologi...Apollo Hospitals
Cancer has been the leading cause of mortality in both developed and developing countries. With the advancement in chemotherapeutic agents, the quality and lifespan of patients with advanced malignancies has improved. These patients often come to hospitals for various types of elective and emergency surgeries. The attending anaesthesiologist faces a daunting task while managing these patients as there can be gross physiological derangements in most of the organ systems. A careful and thorough preoperative assessment, optimisation of physiological milieu, vigilant intraoperative monitoring, anticipation of potential complications and postoperative pain control is essential for reducing perioperative mortality and morbidity in these patients.
Cancer Science & Research: Open Access (CSROA) is an Open Access Publication that enlightens and empowers the cancer research community by providing an insight on breakthrough discoveries in basic and clinical cancer research.
ХОСПИСНАЯ И ПАЛЛИАТИВНАЯ ПОМОЩЬ В МИРЕ.
Сомасундарам СУБРАМАНИАН, Хирург-онколог, Директор Евразийской федерации онкологии и Научно-образовательного центра «Евразийская онкологическая программа «ЕАФО», РФ
- - -
HOSPICE & PALLIATIVE CARE WORLD WIDE.
Somasundaram SUBRAMANIAN,
Surgical Oncologist; Director, Eurasian Federation of Oncology & EAFO Educational & Research Center, RF
Neurology is the branch of medicine concerned with the study and treatment of disorders of the nervous system. The nervous system is a complex, sophisticated system that regulates and coordinates body activities. It has two major divisions: Central nervous system: the brain and spinal cord.
Онкологический комплекс медицинского центра "Хаим Шеба" под руководством профессора Рафаэля Катана является одним из крупнейших раковых центров в Израиле. Самые прогрессивные методы лечения сочетаются здесь с сочувственным отношением к пациентам и их моральной поддержкой.
http://rus-tourist.sheba.co.il
РОДИТЕЛЬСКАЯ КОМПЛАЕНТНОСТЬ И ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТЬ В ОНКОПЕДИАТРИЧЕСКОЙ ПАЛЛИАТИВНОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ
Елена ПОЛЕВИЧЕНКО Д.М.Н. Профессор,
Заведующая отделом педиатрии и реабилитации Федерального научно-клинического центра детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии, Москва, РФ
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PARENTS’ PATIENT COMPLIANCE AND RESPONSIBILITY IN ONCOPEADIATRIC PALLIATIVE PRACTICE
Prof. Elena POLEVICHENKO
PhD, Head of the department of pediatrics and rehabilitation, Federal scientific and clinical center for children's hematology, oncology and immunology, Moscow, RF
Is there a role for ovarian cancer screeningMing Cheng
Ovarian cancer is the second most common cancer in the female genital tract. Most of the cases are detected late and thus their survival rate is low. This presentation will tell you on the role of ovarian cancer screening based on the current available evidence.
Treating Human Cancers with Medicinal Mushroom Preparations (Croatian Experie...Neven Jakopovic
This scientific presentation details the results of a 3 year human cohort study of 51 cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma and 105 cases of breast cancer, where medicinal mushroom extracts from Myko San company have been used in conjunction with the usual oncological therapy.
The regimen showed clear, dose-dependent benefits to including appropriate medicinal mushroom extracts for improved cancer status, survival and reduction of therapy side effects.
This work was presented by Dr. Ivan Jakopovic at the 4th International Medicinal Mushroom Conference in Ljubljana, Slovenia, in 2007.
Prognosis of Invasive Micropapillary Carcinoma of the Breast Analyzed by Usin...JohnJulie1
Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is a rare type of breast cancer with high frequency of regional lymph node metastasis. However, the prognosis of IMPC has remained controversial for decades. We aimed to compare the differences of prognosis between IMPC and Invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC) of the breast by utilizing Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.
Prognosis of Invasive Micropapillary Carcinoma of the Breast Analyzed by Usin...NainaAnon
Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is a rare type of breast cancer with high frequency of regional lymph node metastasis. However, the prognosis of IMPC has remained controversial for decades. We aimed to compare the differences of prognosis between IMPC and Invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC) of the breast by utilizing Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.
A retrospective study on ovarian cancer with a median follow-up of 36 months ...AI Publications
Ovarian cancer is relatively common but serious and has a poor prognosis. The aim of this study is to highlight the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of this malignant pathology managed at the Bejaia university hospital center. This is a retrospective and descriptive study over a period of 3 years (2019 - 2022) carried out on 20 patients who developed ovarian cancer. The average age of the patients was 50 years old, 53.23% of whom were over 45 years old. The CA-125 blood test was positive in 18 out of 20 patients. The tumors were discovered on ultrasound in 87.10% of cases and at laparotomy in 12.90%. Total hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy was the most performed procedure (64.52%). The early postoperative course was simple. 15 patients underwent second look surgery (16.13%) for locoregional recurrences. Epithelial tumors were the most frequent histological type (93.55%), including 79% in the advanced stage ( IIIc -IV) and 21% in the early stage (Ia- Ib ). Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered in 80% of patients. With a median follow-up of 36 months, 2 patients were lost to follow-up. The evolution was favorable in 27.42% and in 25.81% deaths occurred late postoperatively. Ovarian cancer is not common but serious given the advanced stages and the high rate of late postoperative deaths which were largely observed in patients deprived of adequate neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy.
Dr. Jennifer Mueller, gynecologic cancer surgeon at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, will share research updates on uterine/endometrial cancer and other new developments in treatment and surgery.
Gavrilina Olga
National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russian Federation
High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cells transplantation in the treatment of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with bone marrow involvement.
Ольга Александровна БЕРЕЗИКОВА, Главный врач, ГКУЗ КО Кемеровский областной хоспис, Кемерово, РФ
Доклад: "Организация школы "Жизнь без боли""
Olga A. BEEZIKOVA, Chief doctor, Hospice Kemerovo,
Kemerovo, RF
Life without pain
О НЕОБХОДИМОСТИ СТРАТЕГИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ПАЛЛИАТИВНОЙ ПОМОЩИ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Ольга Ивановна УСЕНКО, Член правления Специальной комиссии по паллиативной помощи в странах
Центральной и Восточной Европы, Россия
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ABOUT THE NECESSITY OF STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT OF THE PALLIATIVE CARE IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Olga I. USENKO, Member of the Board,
Eastern and Central Europe Palliative Care Task Force
Russia
САМАРСКИЙ ХОСПИС. ИСТОРИЯ И ФАКТЫ.
Ольга Васильевна ОСЕТРОВА, Главный врач, АНО Самарский Хоспис
Ольга Семеновна КОРКУНОВА, Заместитель главного врача, АНО Самара, РФ
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HOSPICE SAMARA. HISTORY & FACTS.
Olga OSETROVA, Сhief doctor,
Olga KORKUNOVA, Deputy chief doctor
Samara Hospice, Samara, RF
ПАЛЛИАТИВНАЯ МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ ПОМОЩЬ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ.
Георгий Андреевич НОВИКОВ, Д.м.н., Профессор, Председатель Правления Российской Ассоциации паллиативной медицины,
Москва, Российская Федерация
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THE STATE OF HOSPICE & PALLIATIVE CARE IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION.
Prof. Georgiy A. NOVIKOV, Chairman of the Board, Russian Palliative Medicine Association,
Moscow, Russian Federation
CONTEMPORARY PRINCIPLES OF PAIN MANAGEMENT.
Bruce CLEMINSON, Macmillan Palliative Care Education Facilitator, Fellow of the Royal College of General Practitioners & Member, European Association for Palliative Care, Shetland, United Kingdom
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СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРИНЦИПЫ ОБЕЗБОЛИВАНИЯ.
Брюс КЛЕМИНСОН, Координатор образовательных программ по паллиативной помощи центра Мак Миллан, член Королевской коллегии врачей общей практики, Шетландские острова, Великобритания
ОБУЧЕНИЯ РОДСТВЕННИКОВ УХОДУ В ДОМАШНИХ УСЛОВИЯХ. ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЙ РЕСУРС ВЫБИРАЯНАДЕЖДУ.РФ
БЯЛИК Марина Александровна, Президент организации «Инициатива по улучшению паллиативной помощи», Бостон, США
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СОСТОЯНИЕ ОБЕЗБОЛИВАЮЩЕЙ ТЕРАПИИ У ОНКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ БОЛЬНЫХ В РОССИИ.
Гузель Рафаиловна АБУЗАРОВА, Руководитель центра паллиативной помощи онкологическим больным, Московский Научно-исследовательский онкологический институт им. П. А. Герцена, Москва, РФ
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THE SCENE OF PAIN MANAGEMENT IN CANCER PATIENTS IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION.
Guzel R. ABUZAROVA, Chair, Center for Palliative care to Cancer Patients, P. A. Hertzen Moscow Research Institute of Oncology, Moscow, Russian Federation
ДОСТУПНОСТЬ ОБЕЗБОЛИВАНИЯ: СИТУАЦИЯ В МИРЕ И РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ.
Натали ШТЕЙНЕР КОЛЛЕТ, Консультант по паллиативной помощи, Женева, Швейцария
От имени
Вильям ШОЛТЕН, PharmD, Консультант по лекарственным и регламентированным средствам. Ниан, Швейцария
(В прошлом эксперт и Советник ВОЗ)
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ACCESS TO PAIN MANAGEMENT: GLOBAL SITUATION AND GUIDELINES.
Nathalie STEINER COLLET, Consultant Palliative Care, Geneva, Switzerland
on behalf of
Willem SCHOLTEN, PharmD, M.P.A., Consultant - Medicines and Controlled Substances, Nyon, Switzerland. Former Team Leader, WHO Access to Controlled Medicines, Geneva
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and IndigestionSwastikAyurveda
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
EFFICIENCY TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PAIN SYNDROME IN CANCER PATIENTS IV CLINICAL GROUP
1. EFFICIENCY TREATMENT OF
CHRONIC PAIN SYNDROME IN
CANCER PATIENTS IV
CLINICAL GROUP
Rapporteur Sherbak Anna
Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus
Supervisor of PhD Papok V.E.
2. Aim of work
examine the incidence of chronic pain (CPS)
depending from the primary tumor site
causes of CPS
estimate the effectiveness of treatment in
cancer patients CPS IV clinical group
3. The urgency of the problem
According toWHO statistics, 6 million cases of
cancer, 5.5 million suffer from pain.
In Belarus, 40,000 patients with newly diagnosed
malignant process (about 9000 patients in
Minsk).
Of these, 13.5% is in stage III-IV disease and 25%
of patients die within the first year after
diagnosis.
Thus each year nearly 20,000 cancer patients
suffer from pain
4. Materials and methods(1)
The studies were performed in 60 cancer
patients with chronic pain (32 women and 28
men) aged 46 - 89 years. All patients were in the
hospital 'Hospital palliative care "Hospice".
26, 43%
19, 32%
15, 25%
The age structure of patients
61-75 years
(advanced age)
46-60 years
(adulthood)
76-89 years
(senium)
5. Materials and methods(2)
Hospital record
McGill Pain Questionnaire
10-point visual analogue scale (VAS)
Verbal pain scale (VPS).
Physical activity scale (PAS)
Side effects of drugs
6. The distribution of patients
depending on the location of the
primary tumor
23, 38%
10, 17%
8, 13%
4, 7%
4, 7%
3, 5%
2, 3% 6, 10%
Digestive organs
Breathing system
Mammary gland
Prostate
Pancreas
Organs ot the
urinary system
CUP
Other localization
7. The distribution of patients
depending on the type of pain
37, 63%
14, 24%
5, 8% 3, 5%
Visceral pain
Somatic pain
Mixed pain
Neuropathic pain
8. The distribution of patients
depending on the causes of pain
Cause of pain The number of
patients
The proportion of
patients (%)
The pain caused by
a neoplastic
process
49 82
The pain caused by
complications of
tumor
8 13
The pain is caused
by anti-tumor
therapy
3 5
9. Patients with CPS associated
with neoplastic process
The pain is associated with a primary tumor - 15 patients
(30.6%)
The pain associated with metastatic disease - 34 patients
(56.6%)
11, 32%
9, 26%
8, 24%
3, 9%
3, 9%
Bones
Hepar
Lungs
Brain
Other localization
10. Characteristics of patient
groups
A group of
patients
Number of
patients
The pain
intensity on
theVAS
The nature
of pain
(VPS)
Drugs
Group I 33 3 - 5 Moderate
pain
Ketorolac
Group II 17 5 - 8 Severe pain Tramadol
Group III 10 8 - 10 Horrible pain Promedol
11. The condition of patients
before and after treatment
A group of
patients
VAS
before
treatment
VAS after
treatment*
PAS before
treatment
PAS after
treatment
Side
effects
(%)
Group I
(VAS=3 – 5)
4,1 ± 0,82 2,3 ± 0,64 2,6 ± 0,49 2,1 ± 0,17 4 (12%)
Group II
(VAS=5-8)
6,2 ± 0,41 2,8 ±0,79 3,4 ± 0,61 2,3 ± 0,96 6 (35 %)
Group III
(VAS=8-10)
8,3 ± 0,46 3,2 ± 1,14 3,6 ± 0,49 2,1 ± 0,61 2 ( 20 %)
The changes are significant at p <0,0001
12. The effectiveness of
treatment in each group CBS
31;94%
13;76%
9;90%
2;6%
4;23%
1;10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Group I Group II Group III
Effective therapy no effective therapy
13. The incidence of side
effects
29;88%
11;65%
8;80%
4;12%
6;35%
2;20%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Group I Group II Group III
No side effects Side effects of
14. The effectiveness of
tramadol
The group II of the most high indicators of the
inefficiency (4;23%) and the emergence of
side-effects (6;35%)
MeanVAS before treatment in this group of
patients whose treatment was ineffective
was 6,75 ± 0,43
15. The results and conclusions (1)
CPS in patients with cancer is more common in
the localization of the primary tumor in the
organs of the gastrointestinal tract, the
respiratory tract and mammary gland
The emergence of CPS in patients with cancer is
more often associated neoplastic process
itself, especially with the presence of metastases
The most severe pain syndrome seen in patients
with brain metastases and metastatic having
lytic activity in the bone
16. The results and conclusions (2)
The use of ketorolac in patients with
moderate pain and promedol in patients with
intolerable pain is an effective
The results of use of tramadol in patients with
strong pain differ, so patients with CPS 5-7
points on theVAS application is effective, and
in patients with a ≥ 7 points CPS is inefficient
and requires the use of drugs.