The document provides an overview of the history and development of oncology. It discusses how cancer was first documented in ancient Egypt and treated by cauterization. It then covers key developments like Hippocrates naming cancer, the first autopsy being performed in 1761, and the establishment of the TNM staging system. The summary concludes by briefly mentioning common modern cancer treatment modalities like surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and their goals of cure, palliation, or prevention.

1. An Introduction to The World Of ONCOLOGY By Emad Shash Medical Oncology Department National Cancer Institute Cairo University

4. Ebers Papyrus treatment for cancer: recounting a " tumor against the god Xenus", it recommends "do nothing there against" Ancient Egyptian medical instruments depicted in a Ptolemaic period inscription on the Temple of Kom Ombo . http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_medicine

7. Cancer Staging

10. Cancer develops in stages

11. Colon Cancer Progression

17. TNM combinations correspond to one of five stages Stage Definition Stage 0 Carcinoma in situ (early cancer that is present only in the layer of cells in which it began). Stage I, Stage II, and Stage III Higher numbers indicate more extensive disease: greater tumor size, and/or spread of the cancer to nearby lymph nodes and/or organs adjacent to the primary tumor. Stage IV The cancer has spread to another organ.

18. Impact of staging on survival Data from Centre François Baclesse (Breast cancer patients survival) www.oncoprof.net

19. Impact of staging on survival Data from Centre François Baclesse (Breast cancer patients survival) www.oncoprof.net

24. Cancer treatment

26. SURGERY

28. Selected Historical Milestones in Surgical Oncology Year Surgeon Event 1809 Ephraim McDowell Elective abdominal surgery (excised ovarian tumor) 1846 John Collins Warren Use of ether anesthesia (excised submaxillary gland) 1867 Joseph Lister Introduction of antisepsis 1860-1890 Albert Theodore Billroth First gastrectomy, laryngectomy, and esophagectomy 1878 Richard von Volkmann Excision of cancerous rectum Year Surgeon Event 1880s Theodore Kocher Development of thyroid surgery 1890 William Stewart Halsted Radical mastectomy 1906 Ernest Wertheim Radical hysterectomy 1910-1930 Harvey Cushing Development of surgery for brain tumors 1935 A. O. Whipple Pancreaticoduodenectomy

32. Radiation therapy

37. NUCLEAR MEDICINE

39. CHEMOTHERAPY

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