Author: Dr Christa Maria Joel Module: Effects of lifestyle on health Supervisor: Ms Jane Tobias and Dr Daniel Boakye University of the West of Scotland

1. EFFECTS OF LIFESTYLE
ON PREVALENCE OF
COLORECTAL CANCER
PRESENTER
CHRISTA MARIA JOEL- B00495281

2. OUTLINE
Introduction to colorectal cancer
Epidemiology of colorectal cancer- Prevalence
Association of diet with colorectal cancer
Association of obesity and physical inactivity with colorectal cancer
Association of lifestyle habits with colorectal cancer
Global, national and local policies for colorectal cancer
Preventive strategies
Conclusion
References

3. INTRODUCTION
• “Colorectal cancer” (CRC) – progressive cancer, slow onset, tumor
on the inner lining of the rectum or large intestine (American Cancer
Society, 2016).
• Rare in 1950, predominant cancer now , accounts for 10% of
cancer-related mortality in the western world (Ferlay et al., 2015).

4. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COLORECTAL CANCER- PREVALENCE
• Second most common cancer in females; third most common cancer in males (Kuipers et al.,
2015).
• In UK: 42,886 cases of CRC; 16,571 deaths due to CRC. ( Cancer Research UK, 2020).
• In Scotland: 3800 cases recorded; 1743 deaths recorded (Public Health Scotland, 2020)

5. (Ferlay et al., 2020)

6. ASSOCIATION OF DIET WITH COLORECTAL CANCER
• Red and processed meats; cooking in high temperature;
smoking of the meat: contributory factors for CRC (Chan et
al., 2011).
• Calcium, fiber, Vitamin D, fruits and vegetables- protective
against CRC(Song, Garrett, Chan, 2015).

7. ASSOCIATION OF OBESITY & PHYSICAL INACTIVITY WITH COLORECTAL
CANCER
• PHYSICAL INACTIVITY: Physically active individuals- 25%
less chance of developing CRC; sedentary individuals- 50%
increased risk of developing CRC (Rawla, Sunkara, Barsouk,
2019).
• OBESITY: 5-kg weight increment - 3% increased risk of CRC
(Karahalios et al., 2016).

8. ASSOCIATION OF LIFESTYLE HABITS WITH
COLORECTAL CANCER
• SMOKING:
Carcinogens in tobacco smoke- molecular abnormalities (Limsui et
al., 2010).
Smoking cessation- improved survival (Ordonez-Mena et al., 2018).
• ALCOHOL:
Moderate to heavy alcohol consumption- increased risk of CRC
(Bagnardi et al., 2015).
2–3 alcoholic beverages - 20% increased risk, more than three
drinks- increased risk of 40% (Fedriko et al., 2011).

9. GLOBAL, NATIONAL AND LOCAL POLICIES
World Health
Organization (WHO):
Primordial prevention,
detection, diagnosis
management, palliative
care (WHO, 2021).
NICE Guidelines in UK:
Recognition of risk
factors, referral,
information and support,
diagnostics, treatment,
palliative care (NICE
Guidelines, 2020).
Bowel Cancer
Framework for
Scotland:
Lifestyle interventions,
chemoprevention,
population screening and
surveillance of high-risk
groups (Scottish
Government, 2004).

10. PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES
• SCREENING: Age group- 50 to 75 years, fecal occult blood testing
(FOBT), sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy (WHO, 2021).
• LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION: More of fish, fiber, minerals (Gorham et
al., 2005), exercise, (Baena, Salinas, 2015). Less of alcohol, smoking,
red and processed meat (Chan et al., 2011).
• FAMILY OR COMMUNITY SUPPORT: Motivation for screening,
exercise, healthy diet (Breitkopf et al., 2014).

11. CONCLUSION
• Colorectal cancer - one of the most common, deadly carcinomas; incidence and
prevalence likely to increase in the coming years (Bray et al., 2018).
• CRC exacerbated by poor dietary habits, sedentary lifestyle, smoking and alcohol
consumption .
• Lifestyle modifications, screening and early diagnosis - major decrease in
mortality and will do so in the future (Rawla, Sunkara, Barsouk, 2019).

12. REFERENCES
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