2. WHAT IS BRAIN DRAIN ?
It can be simply defined
as the mass emigration of
technically skilled people
from one country to
another country.
3. As a Political problem
• the best of professional manpower leave their
home country, it is a political phenomenon.
• It involves peculiar contradiction.
4. As an Economical problem
• It is characteristic of brain drain that the more
underdeveloped a country is economically, the
more it loses by brain drain while only
developed countries profit from the process.
• There are higher living standards and better
research and working opportunities of the
more developed country, which provides
thousands of possibilities for developing
human potential.
5. As an psycho-social problem
• It starts from the under developed countries
towards the developed one, due to social,
cultural and psychological factors due to
references for living in certain countries.
• A large number move from few LDCs to
certain DCs and ;at the same time a less
number of HQM move from a large number of
LDCs.
6. • Political problem
• Economical problem
• Psycho-social problem
Brain drain as problem
7. Magnitude & direction of brain drain
The recent study points out that migration of
scholars and professional manpower across
international frontiers has persisted
throughout the ages The migration of high
level manpower (HLM) in the late 1990s had
been estimated by him to be of the order of
100,000 annually. The bulk of these were
Asians migrating to USA in the 1990-2000.
Since then majority of brain drain is both to
Europe and USA from the third world.
8. Push factors
• Under employment
• Economic under development
• Low wage/salary
• political instability
• Discrimination in appointment and promotion
• Poor working facilities
• Lack of scientific tradition and culture
• Desire for a better urban life
• Better career expectation
9. Pull factor
• Better economic prospects
• Higher salary and income
• Better level of living and way of life
• Better research facilities
• Prestige of foreign training
• Relative political stability
• Presence of a rich, scientific and cultural
tradition
• Attraction of urban centres
• Technological gap
10. Individual's motives and experiences:
• 1. Economic and professional:
• a) suitable job
• b) income and living standard
• c) working conditions: facilities, autonomy,
career prospects, relations with superiors and
with co-workers.
11. • 2. Personal influence:
• a) Spouse
• b) Feelings and interests of the children
• c) Family
• d) Friends
• e) Colleagues at work
• 3. Living conditions in society:
• a) where life is more interesting and more
pleasant
• b) Discrimination by the public
12. • 4. Political situation:
• a) Government controls
• b) Nationalist feelings of respondent
13. Brain Drain in India – Favorable or
Unfavorable?
• what will happen if they seal the borders and
detain all this talent inside the nation?
• Would they be able to grow and be as creative
as they would like to?
14. Why is it favourable ?
The biggest benefit of brain drain is that all
those individual brains will get the
opportunity to nurture in another atmosphere
where they get more support as well as have
more freedom to boom and this is why they
leave. From a universal point of view, it will
help talents develop and not be shattered.
15. Why is it unfavourable ?
However on the other side, Brain drain is a
severe loss due to the flow of the competent
and effective sector of the country particularly
oil producing states which are now in terrible
need for trained and highly skilled employees.
Brain drain influences all level of education in
the world which suffers illiteracy estimation
at 70 million people. The economy can also
be affected due to expenditure on study
whether state funded or privately.
16. Ways to overcome it
• Age-Neutrality.
• Training.
• Ensure Job Fit.
• Mentorship.
• Succession Planning.
• Succession Planning.
17. Conclusion
• Historically, wars between nations have always
been about land and its appropriation. Now a
new type of war is emerging, the war about
technology, human brain and its control.
• Because it is only a nation’s human capital
that can be converted into real wealth.
• There is a clear need for international
cooperation.
