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1. BRAIN DRAIN FROM PAKISTAN
Azam Qureshi
Adnan Sami
Syed Sarif Fouzan
Rohait Kumar
Abdullah Hadi

2. CONTENTS
• What is Brain Drain
• History of brain drain
• Reasons for brain drain
• Brain drain in Pakistan
• Reasons of brain drain from Pakistan
• Effects of brain drain
Positive effects
Negative effects
• Measures to stop brain drain
• Conclusion

3. WHAT IS BRAIN DRAIN?
• The loss of skilled, intellectual and technical labor through
their movement to more favorable geographic, economic, or
professional environments.
• It can be simply defined as the mass emigration of technically
skilled people from one country to another country.
• Brain-drain is also termed as “human capital flight” because it
resembles the case of capital flight.

4. HISTORY OF BRAIN
DRAIN
• The term originated about 1960.
• In 1960, many British scientists
and intellectuals emigrated to the
United States for a better working
climate.
• Its meaning has broadened into:
the departure of educated or
professional people from one
country.
Neil Bohr
Albert Einstein

5. WHY BRAIN DRAIN?

6. WHY BRAIN DRAINS?
• Lack of better opportunity
• Political instability
• Health risks
• Personal conflicts
• Poor Conditions of Service
• Disregard for Local Talent
• Economic under development.

7. WHY BRAIN DRAINS?
• Lack of research and other facilities
• Lack of freedom
• Poor working facilities
• Unsuitable institution.
• Desire for a better urban life
• Desire for higher qualification and recognition
• Lack of satisfactory working conditions.

8. REASONS FOR BRAIN
DRAIN
• Europe as “GREEN PASTURES” for doctors
• Lack of variety in specializations
• Disregard for local degrees
• Lack of job opportunities
• Merit systems
• Lack of infrastructure
• High corporate tax rate

9. REASONS FOR BRAIN
DRAIN
• Lack of scientific tradition and culture
• Over production and under utilization of HQM.
• Discrimination in appointment and promotion.
• Lack of research and other facilities
• Income inequalities
• Ten times more earning than home country.

10. POSITIVE EFFECTS
• Receiving of millions of dollars in shape of
remittance sent back to Pakistan every year.
• Creating space for freshmen here.
• Population decrease.
• People bring technology, skills and new ideas
from abroad.
• Higher rate of people starting capital intensive
enterprises.

11. POSITIVE EFFECTS
• Money remittance has reduced the severity of
poverty to some extent.
• Money sent are invested in education, housing
and health.
• Improved quality of education by insuring
international standards and training.
• Improved competitiveness in home country as
international degrees are held in higher esteem.

12. NEGATIVE EFFECTS
• The loss of high quality manpower.
• Huge loss of foreign exchange due to
hiring of foreign experts.
• Government spends billions of rupees
for education of experts.
• Rampant corruption, poor
administrations, lack of motivation
and fast diminishing nationalism.
• Loss of Health Services.

13. MEASURES TAKEN
• National Research Program for Universities
(NRPU)
• TTU performance based pay system by HEC
• Foreign faculty members of Pakistani origin are
encouraged to come and transfer their expertise
• Transfer of knowledge through expatriate
nationals (TOKTEN) (UNDP)
• Initiative for 11 foreign universities

14. MEASURES TO STOP BRAIN
DRAIN
• Delaying emigration
For example :
Doctors may be asked to stay on for two years.
• Tax proposals
For example :
Native professionals pay a percent of income earning abroad.
• Fix govt. policies

15. MEASURES TO STOP BRAIN
DRAIN
• Revive HEC
Build new universities
Conduct evening classes in campuses.
• PIA should allow a 50% discount for all students of
Pakistani origin on international routes.
• Entering into international agreements
For not to recruit skilled people from
less-developed countries.

16. CONCLUSION
• Our leaders often deliver lengthy speeches but no worthy
positive steps have been taken.
• Our government has not even asked Pakistani professionals to
return back and serve their country.
“Reversing the brain drain is a key priority for us.”