The document discusses Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) and the Safety Life Cycle as defined by ANSI/ISA 84.00.01-2004. It outlines the steps in the Safety Life Cycle from initial Hazard and Risk Assessment to determine Safety Instrumented Functions (SIFs) and required Safety Integrity Levels (SILs), to design, installation, and ongoing maintenance of SIS including functional proof testing. The Safety Life Cycle is meant to guide safety systems through all stages from initial assessment to eventual decommissioning to minimize risk in industrial processes.
SIL = Safety Integrity Level
•Safety systems are becoming increasingly instrumented
•Depending less on human intervention and operator’s ability to respond correctly in a given situation
•Depending more on instrumentation and programmable systems
•SIL requirements are intended to ensure the reliability of such safety instrumented systems
lain Engels
Product Manager Level & Safety Applications Consultant
Endress+Hauser
Alain werkt bij Endress+ Hauser sinds 1984.
Hij heeft verschillende functies gehad zoals Product Manager van Druk, Temperatuur en Niveaumetingen.
In paralell was hij ook Industrie specialist voor Chemie & Oil & Gas en ATEX, SIL en PED.
Introduction to Functional Safety and SIL CertificationISA Boston Section
This overview session will acquaint attendees with the key concepts in the IEC 61508 standard for functional safety of electrical/electronic and programmable electronic systems. An introduction is provided to safety integrity levels (SIL), the safety lifecycle and the requirements needed to achieve a functional safety certificate. Information will be provided on documentation requirements and an introduction to the basic objectives of product design for functional safety.
Safety is an important consideration in process design. Safety integrity level (or SIL) is often used to describe process safety requirements. However, there are often misconceptions or misunder- standings surrounding SIL. While the general subject, functional safety and SIL, can be highly technical, the general ideas can be distilled down to a few readily understandable concepts. In this paper, we will discuss what SIL is, why it is important, what certification means, and the implications and benefits of that certification to the end user.
SIL = Safety Integrity Level
•Safety systems are becoming increasingly instrumented
•Depending less on human intervention and operator’s ability to respond correctly in a given situation
•Depending more on instrumentation and programmable systems
•SIL requirements are intended to ensure the reliability of such safety instrumented systems
lain Engels
Product Manager Level & Safety Applications Consultant
Endress+Hauser
Alain werkt bij Endress+ Hauser sinds 1984.
Hij heeft verschillende functies gehad zoals Product Manager van Druk, Temperatuur en Niveaumetingen.
In paralell was hij ook Industrie specialist voor Chemie & Oil & Gas en ATEX, SIL en PED.
Introduction to Functional Safety and SIL CertificationISA Boston Section
This overview session will acquaint attendees with the key concepts in the IEC 61508 standard for functional safety of electrical/electronic and programmable electronic systems. An introduction is provided to safety integrity levels (SIL), the safety lifecycle and the requirements needed to achieve a functional safety certificate. Information will be provided on documentation requirements and an introduction to the basic objectives of product design for functional safety.
Safety is an important consideration in process design. Safety integrity level (or SIL) is often used to describe process safety requirements. However, there are often misconceptions or misunder- standings surrounding SIL. While the general subject, functional safety and SIL, can be highly technical, the general ideas can be distilled down to a few readily understandable concepts. In this paper, we will discuss what SIL is, why it is important, what certification means, and the implications and benefits of that certification to the end user.
Complying with New Functional Safety StandardsDesign World
Better understand functional safety and how it applies to the equipment you build and use. As EN ISO 13849-1 (EN 954) and IEC 62061 become more prevalent in North American design and industry segments request Safety Integrity Level (SIL), Control Category and Protection Level (PL) ratings, our approach to machine safety stands to change.
This webinar provides practical advice for adopting these new standards by providing an overview of:
- Market trends
- Applicable standards
- Considerations for applying relevant standards
- Determining your level of machine safety design
Hosted by Design World, this educational webcast helps original equipment manufacturers and end users better understand functional safety and how it applies to the equipment you build.
Practical Safety Instrumentation & Emergency Shutdown Systems for Process Ind...Living Online
COPY THIS LINK INTO YOUR BROWSER FOR MORE INFORMATION: bit.ly/1Htp9ZC
For project managers and engineers involved with hazardous processes, this workshop focuses on the management, planning and execution of automatic safety systems in accordance with IEC 61511, the newly released international standard for process industry safety controls.
IEC 61511 has been recognised by European safety authorities and by USA based process companies as representing the best practices available for the provision of automatic safety systems. The new standard captures many of the well established project and design techniques that have been described since 1996 in ANSI/ISA standard S84 whilst introducing many newer principles based on the master standard IEC 615108. The newly released standard IEC 61511 (published in 3 parts) combines the principles of IEC 61508 and S84 into a practical and easily understood code of practice specifically for end users in the process industries.
This workshop is structured into two major parts to ensure that both managers and engineering staff are trained in the fundamentals of safety system practices. The first part of the workshop, approx the first third, provides an overview of the critical issues involved in managing and implementing safety systems.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
Automation/machinery design engineers
Control systems engineers
Chemical or energy process engineers
Instrument/electrical engineers and technicians
Instrument suppliers technical staff
Maintenance supervisors
Project engineers and project managers
COPY THIS LINK INTO YOUR BROWSER FOR MORE INFORMATION: bit.ly/1Htp9ZC
Reliability Instrumented System | Arrelic Insights Arrelic
An approach that strays from the conventional, coupled with
consistency, enables us to contribute to the company's overall
growth and success.
This Insights talks about RIS Process and applications
Since 2007 there has been a choice of harmonised standards
to use for Functional Safety in the machinery sector.
The choices are:
ISO standard EN ISO 13849
IEC standard EN 62061
source TUV-SUD
www.regeltechnieken.org
www.ie-net.be/reg
Mechanical integrity
... safety in the design phase
... safety in the manufactory phase
... safety in the field operation phase
Actor: Alain Engels (Endress+Hauser)
Integrating Proof and Testing in Verification Strategies for Safety Critical ...AdaCore
This talk was given by Cyrille Comar at the recent SPARK User Group. This talk reviews the prominent place and role testing holds in Safety Standards. It compares the strengths and weaknesses of testing with an alternative verification technique based on formal methods. It then explores specific instances where a combination of both approaches makes sense and can bring significant cost savings, without forcing dramatic changes in internal development procedures.
Complying with New Functional Safety StandardsDesign World
Better understand functional safety and how it applies to the equipment you build and use. As EN ISO 13849-1 (EN 954) and IEC 62061 become more prevalent in North American design and industry segments request Safety Integrity Level (SIL), Control Category and Protection Level (PL) ratings, our approach to machine safety stands to change.
This webinar provides practical advice for adopting these new standards by providing an overview of:
- Market trends
- Applicable standards
- Considerations for applying relevant standards
- Determining your level of machine safety design
Hosted by Design World, this educational webcast helps original equipment manufacturers and end users better understand functional safety and how it applies to the equipment you build.
Practical Safety Instrumentation & Emergency Shutdown Systems for Process Ind...Living Online
COPY THIS LINK INTO YOUR BROWSER FOR MORE INFORMATION: bit.ly/1Htp9ZC
For project managers and engineers involved with hazardous processes, this workshop focuses on the management, planning and execution of automatic safety systems in accordance with IEC 61511, the newly released international standard for process industry safety controls.
IEC 61511 has been recognised by European safety authorities and by USA based process companies as representing the best practices available for the provision of automatic safety systems. The new standard captures many of the well established project and design techniques that have been described since 1996 in ANSI/ISA standard S84 whilst introducing many newer principles based on the master standard IEC 615108. The newly released standard IEC 61511 (published in 3 parts) combines the principles of IEC 61508 and S84 into a practical and easily understood code of practice specifically for end users in the process industries.
This workshop is structured into two major parts to ensure that both managers and engineering staff are trained in the fundamentals of safety system practices. The first part of the workshop, approx the first third, provides an overview of the critical issues involved in managing and implementing safety systems.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
Automation/machinery design engineers
Control systems engineers
Chemical or energy process engineers
Instrument/electrical engineers and technicians
Instrument suppliers technical staff
Maintenance supervisors
Project engineers and project managers
COPY THIS LINK INTO YOUR BROWSER FOR MORE INFORMATION: bit.ly/1Htp9ZC
Reliability Instrumented System | Arrelic Insights Arrelic
An approach that strays from the conventional, coupled with
consistency, enables us to contribute to the company's overall
growth and success.
This Insights talks about RIS Process and applications
Since 2007 there has been a choice of harmonised standards
to use for Functional Safety in the machinery sector.
The choices are:
ISO standard EN ISO 13849
IEC standard EN 62061
source TUV-SUD
www.regeltechnieken.org
www.ie-net.be/reg
Mechanical integrity
... safety in the design phase
... safety in the manufactory phase
... safety in the field operation phase
Actor: Alain Engels (Endress+Hauser)
Integrating Proof and Testing in Verification Strategies for Safety Critical ...AdaCore
This talk was given by Cyrille Comar at the recent SPARK User Group. This talk reviews the prominent place and role testing holds in Safety Standards. It compares the strengths and weaknesses of testing with an alternative verification technique based on formal methods. It then explores specific instances where a combination of both approaches makes sense and can bring significant cost savings, without forcing dramatic changes in internal development procedures.
2011-05-02 - VU Amsterdam - Testing safety critical systemsJaap van Ekris
Presentation about the steps required for Verifying and Vlaidating safety critical systems, as well as the test approach used. Contains examples of real-life IEC 61508 SIL 4 systems.
Safety Instrumented System (SIS) Principles Comprehensive&Understanding Train...DEVELOP
DEVELOP Training Center (TM) menyelenggarakan Training Safety Instrumented System (SIS) Principles Comprehensive&Understanding yang sangat berguna untuk mendapatkan skill tentang Safety Instrumented System (SIS) Design, Analisis dan Report pada Project&Plant Operation.
Materi Training di DEVELOP Training Center (TM) dirancang khusus oleh para praktisi engineer dan designer disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan project. Anda akan mendapat sharing ilmu langsung dari para praktisi yang berpengalaman bertahun-tahun.
The combustion process has always been considered having the potential for a hazardous event which could lead to personnel injury or loss of production. To mitigate this risk, the process industry is now implementing Safety Instrumented Systems which can identify hazardous operating conditions and correctly respond in such a way to bring the combustion process back to a safe operating condition or implement an automatically controlled shutdown sequence to reduce the risk of operator error causing a catastrophic event. Oxygen and combustible flue gas analyzers are now being utilized in these combustion Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) to identify hazardous operating conditions and automatically return the process to a safe state. The standards of IEC 61511 and API RP 556 will be reviewed as they apply to flue gas analyzers, as well as the process variables of the oxygen and combustible analyzer available for implementation into the SIS system for combustion monitoring, and the resultant actions required to return the process to a safe condition.
Using Cyber-Vulnerability Assessment (CVA) to Optimize Control System Upgrade...Jim Gilsinn
Presented @ Emerson Exchange
October 7, 2014
Industrial control systems (ICS) are large information technology (IT) systems. Office IT systems, failure of ICS can cause plant outages and even physical damage. Management of ICS needs to be different and smarter. IT vendors frequently recommend patches and configuration changes. Most have no impact to the ICS, which cannot implement changes in real time. ICS typically get one chance every few years to make changes - the turnaround. This paper describes optimization of ISC turnaround work, using cyber-vulnerability assessment to focus turnaround work to only what is necessary.
Software occupy an increasingly prominent place in the critical embedded systems : their size and complexity is increasing , while their criticality also continues to rise. In this context, how the aeronautical, space , automotive, industrial domains are facing these challenges ? Application of international standards is essential to define the scope of practices recognized by the community as " state of the art " in terms of producing safety critical software . What are these practices, the principles on which they are built ? Starting with (re)defining the concept of software criticality and placing this concept in the whole system, then we will try to answer all these questions. During this presentation , we will illustrate the point with examples from aeronautics, air traffic control , space , automotive or railway . Finally, we will take a look at some trends , particularly through standards recently released.
Documented evidence with regard to the adherence to the required safety integrity level (SIL) within the scope of the
safety life cycle has to be delivered in order to proof that the imple-mentation of safety systems (Safety Instrumented
Systems SIS) in the process industry has been executed according to professional standards. When carrying out the hazard
analysis and the risk assessment, safety functions (Safety Instrumented Function SIF) will be estab-lished and evaluated
against a required SIL. The achievable SIL both for systematic defaults and for random failures can be established for each
safety function being carried out by means of a safety system. The established SIL has to be in conformity with or better
than the required SIL. The engineers of the weyer group will establish the respective SIL-level of the plant, taking the data
delivered by the manufacturers as the calculation base.
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Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
1. Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS)
and
Safety Life Cycle
Presented in September 2009
By Jennifer L. Bergstrom
Process Engineering Associates, LLC
www.ProcessEngr.com
2. Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS)
and Safety Life Cycle
Agenda:
ISA standard that defines Safety Life
Cycle
Safety concepts (including a lot of new
acronyms)
Aspects of the Safety Life Cycle and how
to take it from “cradle” to “grave”
Ways to incorporate SIS into process
design
www.ProcessEngr.com
3. ANSI/ISA 84.00.01-2004 for SIS
ANSI/ISA 84.00.01-2004 (IEC 61511-Mod) -
Application of Safety Instrumented Systems
(SIS) for Process Industries :
First version in 1996
Second version approved in 2004 (only addition was
“Grandfather Clause”)
OSHA recognizes this standard as a RAGAGEP
Defines all steps that encompass the Safety Life Cycle
Defines a Safety Instrumented System (SIS)
www.ProcessEngr.com
4. Safety Life Cycle
Concepts (safety acronyms):
Safety Life Cycle
Safety Instrumented System (SIS)
Safety Integrity Level (SIL)
Safety Instrumented Function (SIF)
Safety Requirement Specification (SRS)
www.ProcessEngr.com
6. Safety Life Cycle
Definition: “An engineering process designed to
achieve a risk-based level of safety with
performance criteria that allow versatile
technologies and optimal design solutions.” -exida
In other words, the cycle is meant to guide a
safety system from the Risk Assessment “cradle”
to the Decommissioning “grave”.
www.ProcessEngr.com
7. Why Safety Life Cycle?
Accidents can and do occur, so in order to
help minimize the frequency and/or
severity…..
Safety Instrumented Systems and Safety
Life Cycle were designed to minimize risk
www.ProcessEngr.com
8. Protection Layers
SIS is used as a protection layer between
the hazards of the process and the public
(the worse the potential hazard, the more
layers required for prevention/protection)
Examples:
BPCS (control system), alarms and operator
response, SIS, physical devices (PSV’s, dikes,
flares, deluges, etc.), and other human
mitigation (emergency response)
www.ProcessEngr.com
9. Hazards and Risks in Industry
Risk – ups and downs –
Risk
tolerable
process risk
other
mechanical
SIS
alarms
BPCS
P
R
O
C
E
S
S
www.ProcessEngr.com
10. SIF and SIL
Safety Instrumented Function (SIF) is
designed to minimize process risks to a
tolerable level (or ALARP)
Each SIF is assigned a Safety Integrity Level
(SIL) during SIL analysis - risk assessment
SIL 0/none – lowest risk
SIL 1 – 95% of the SIFs
SIL 2 – 5% of SIFs
SIL 3 – < 1% (not likely in refineries, but possible in
off-shore platforms or nuclear)
SIL 4 – highest risk (only seen in nuclear industry)
www.ProcessEngr.com
11. Safety Integrity Level (SIL)
Each SIL rating (increasing in number) must
be that much more reliable and available at
all times (and costs more for upkeep).
Reliability and availability are achieved by:
Design – using proper safety components
Installation – per manufacturer’s guidelines
Testing – both at initial startup as well as at
specified intervals or after any modification (i.e., via
PSSR)
www.ProcessEngr.com
12. Design
Phase where the SIF/SIS is developed to achieve
the risk reduction that is determined in the PHA or
SIL Analysis (target SIL). Design options can
include:
Redundancy (initiators, control system, and/or final
elements)
Type/style of components (transmitter vs. switch or
modulating valve vs. on/off chop valve)
NOTE: If a SIS already exists, then analysis of the existing
system is done to determine if the target SIL can be achieved
with the current design. (“Grandfather Clause”)
www.ProcessEngr.com
13. Design - Type of Failures
When designing or modifying a SIS, keep in
mind there are two types of failures:
Safe Failures - “FAIL SAFE”
Dangerous Failures
Safe Failures are the desired failure
Initiated (actual event)
Spurious (false – undesired but still safe)
Dangerous failures are not desired
Inhibited (bypassed)
Dangerous operation (doesn’t trip when needed)
www.ProcessEngr.com
14. Design - Type of Failures
How do we design for safe failures with minimal
spurious trips?
Voting Logic
betterbetterbestbest2oo32oo3
goodbetter2oo2
betterbetterbestbest1oo2D1oo2D
bestgood1oo2
goodgood1oo1
DangerousSafe
(Source: ISA & Exida)
Best blend
of both
www.ProcessEngr.com
15. Safety Requirement Specification
(SRS)
The design and verification is compiled into a
document called the Safety Requirement
Specification (SRS)
Information included:
Intent of each SIF (the hazard that is mitigated)
Components of each SIF (sensor, logic solver, final
element)
Calculations to verify the target (required) SIL can be
achieved
www.ProcessEngr.com
16. SIL Verification
SIL verification involves multiple equations to
determine the achieved SIL.
Some of the components to verify this
include:
MTTFS
PFD
RRF (inverse of PFD or 1/PFD)
NOTE: SIL 1 achieves a RRF of 10 to 100
www.ProcessEngr.com
17. SIL Verification
If the required SIL can not be achieved with
the initial design, some options are:
More frequent proof testing
Add redundancy (i.e., initiating device, control
system, final element)
Install “smarter” device (i.e., HART smart transmitter
or transmitter vs. switch or relay, smart control valve
with diagnostics and feedback and position
indication vs. basic control valve)
Add protection layers (independent)
www.ProcessEngr.com
18. General Concepts to Remember in
Design
Two ways to achieve lower MTTFS (PFD) or
higher RRF to achieve the target SIL:
Diagnostics, diagnostics, diagnostics,…
Redundancy
Instrumentation with diagnostics is the key!
Feedback information can tell you the condition of
the instrument and whether it is “ill” and about to fail
www.ProcessEngr.com
19. General Concepts to Remember in
Design
Transmitter is better than a switch or relay
If using switch, solenoid, or relay (anything on/off or
discrete), verify that it is normally energized during
operation (fail safe)
Use dedicated wiring to each device (as much as
possible)
Minimize common cause failures (i.e., common
wires, instrument taps – including bridles, or same
controller or I/O card)
Mechanical devices are the weakest link in the SIF.
They can stick if not moved periodically (i.e., PSVs,
valves, switches)
To remedy this issue: install double blocks or modulating
valves that can be partially stroked
www.ProcessEngr.com
20. Functional Proof Tests
Proof Tests must be performed at the frequency
stated in the SRS to continue the reliability of the
SIF.
It should include the following information:
Test procedure
Test all bypasses, all individual initiators, and final
elements
Results of all steps of the procedure
Verification that process has been restored to normal
operation
Date of test and all personnel performing the test
Control logic – version # (if available)
Results of entire test and any abnormalities found
www.ProcessEngr.com
21. Final Review
Safety Life Cycle
Guidelines for a safety system from the Risk Assessment
“cradle” to the Decommissioning “grave”.
SRS
It is only a portion of the Safety Life Cycle, but documents and
verifies the SIF design
Employer must also fulfill the SRS timelines as
determined in the SRS to the keep the SIF reliable
and available to reduce risk.
Functional Proof Test – at a specified interval
Mission Time – replacement interval
Document any modifications to SIS or protection layers
(MOC)
www.ProcessEngr.com