The document discusses functional safety and fire and gas (F&G) systems. It defines functional safety and outlines standards like IEC 61508. F&G systems aim to detect and respond to hazards to reduce risk. Key components discussed include detectors, logic solvers, and final elements. Specific final elements presented are Niagara monitors for delivering water, electric actuators for redundancy, and VDD deluge valves with a fully redundant design. These components are described and their advantages for achieving safety integrity levels are outlined.

1. SIL Suitable Final Elements
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY OF
FIRE & GAS SYSTEMS
SA FIRE PROTECTION

2. FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
• Definition
• SIS
• Requirements
• IEC 61508
• SIL
F&G SYSTEM
NIAGARA MONITOR
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
VDD DELUGE VALVE
28/02/2015 2SIL Suitable Final Elements

3. DEFINITION OF FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
 Safety is the absence of an
unacceptable risk of physical injury to
people or damage to the properties
 Functional Safety is part of the overall
safety which depends on the correct
functioning of a safety-related system
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
• Definition
• SIS
• Requirements
• IEC 61508
• SIL
F&G SYSTEM
NIAGARA MONITOR
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
VDD DELUGE VALVE
28/02/2015 3SIL Suitable Final Elements

4. SAFETY INSTRUMENTED SYSTEM (SIS)
 A Safety Instrumented System (SIS) or
Safety-related System is an appropriate
system required to reduce the risk
(shown by a hazard analysis) of the
Equipment Under Control (EUC)
 A SIS performs one or more Safety
Functions to reduce the risk
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
• Definition
• SIS
• Requirements
• IEC 61508
• SIL
F&G SYSTEM
NIAGARA MONITOR
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
VDD DELUGE VALVE
28/02/2015 4SIL Suitable Final Elements

5. REQUIREMENTS TO FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
Two types of requirements are necessary
to achieve Functional Safety:
 Safety Function Requirements: the
scope of the Safety Function, derived
from the hazard analysis
 Safety Integrity Requirements: the
probability that the Safety Function will
be performed satisfactorily, derived
from the risk assessment
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
• Definition
• SIS
• Requirements
• IEC 61508
• SIL
F&G SYSTEM
NIAGARA MONITOR
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
VDD DELUGE VALVE
28/02/2015 5SIL Suitable Final Elements

6. THE STANDARD IEC 61508
IEC 61508 “Functional Safety of electrical
/electronic / programmable electronic
(E/E/PE) safety-related systems”:
 Covers all the safety lifecycle activities
 Contains requirements for preventing
failures and controlling failures,
ensuring safety even when faults are
present
 Specifies the techniques and measures
to achieve the required Safety Integrity
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
• Definition
• SIS
• Requirements
• IEC 61508
• SIL
F&G SYSTEM
NIAGARA MONITOR
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
VDD DELUGE VALVE
28/02/2015 6SIL Suitable Final Elements

7. SAFETY INTEGRITY LEVEL (SIL)
 Safety Integrity is the probability that
the SIS will perform the required Safety
Functions satisfactorily
 IEC 61508 specifies 4 levels of safety
performance for a Safety Function,
called Safety Integrity Level (SIL)
 The Standard details the requirements
necessary to achieve each Safety
Integrity Level. SIL1 is the lowest level
and SIL4 is the highest
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
• Definition
• SIS
• Requirements
• IEC 61508
• SIL
F&G SYSTEM
NIAGARA MONITOR
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
VDD DELUGE VALVE
28/02/2015 7SIL Suitable Final Elements

8. SAFETY INTEGRITY LEVEL (SIL)
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
• Definition
• SIS
• Requirements
• IEC 61508
• SIL
F&G SYSTEM
NIAGARA MONITOR
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
VDD DELUGE VALVE
28/02/2015 8SIL Suitable Final Elements
Low demand mode of operation:
frequency of demands for the SIS not
greater than once per year, and not
greater than twice the proof-test
frequency
Safety Integrity Level (SIL)
Average Probability of Failure
on Demand (PFDavg)
4 ≥ 10-5 to < 10-4
3 ≥ 10-4 to < 10-3
2 ≥ 10-3 to < 10-2
1 ≥ 10-2 to < 10-1

9. FIRE & GAS SYSTEM
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
F&G SYSTEM
• Objectives
• Effectiveness
• Components
• Final Elements
NIAGARA MONITOR
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
VDD DELUGE VALVE
28/02/2015 9SIL Suitable Final Elements

10. TASKS OF F&G SYSTEM
The main tasks of a F&G system are:
 Detect any hazardous fire or gas
condition
 Alert the personnel in the monitored
area
 Activate the control and mitigation
systems
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
F&G SYSTEM
• Tasks
• Effectiveness
• Components
• Final Elements
NIAGARA MONITOR
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
VDD DELUGE VALVE
28/02/2015 10SIL Suitable Final Elements

11. F&G SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS
The F&G system Effectiveness is the
product of three factors:
 Detection Coverage: the fraction of the
monitored area in which an eventual
hazard would be detected
 Mitigation Effectiveness: the
probability that the activation of the
Final Elements would reduce the
consequence of a defined hazard
 F&G Safety Availability (SA): 1-PFDavg
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
F&G SYSTEM
• Tasks
• Effectiveness
• Components
• Final Elements
NIAGARA MONITOR
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
VDD DELUGE VALVE
28/02/2015 11SIL Suitable Final Elements

12. A F&G system consists of:
 Detectors
 Logic Solver
 Final Elements
A chain is only as strong as its weakest
element
COMPONENTS OF F&G SYSTEM
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
F&G SYSTEM
• Tasks
• Effectiveness
• Components
• Final Elements
NIAGARA MONITOR
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
VDD DELUGE VALVE
28/02/2015 12SIL Suitable Final Elements
LOGIC
SOLVER
FINAL
ELEMENTS
DETECTORS

13. The F&G Effectiveness is related to the
Safety Availability of all its components
SA has developed
SIL suitable Final Elements
for the main fire-fighting systems
FINAL ELEMENTS
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
F&G SYSTEM
• Tasks
• Effectiveness
• Components
• Final Elements
NIAGARA MONITOR
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
VDD DELUGE VALVE
28/02/2015 13SIL Suitable Final Elements
LOGIC
SOLVER
FINAL
ELEMENTS
DETECTORS
NIAGARA
ELECTRIC
MONITORS
ELECTRIC
ACTUATORS
VDD
DELUGE
VALVES

14. ELECTRIC MONITOR
NIAGARA SERIES
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
F&G SYSTEM
NIAGARA MONITOR
• Description
• Main features
• Advantages
• Application
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
VDD DELUGE VALVE
28/02/2015 14SIL Suitable Final Elements

15. DESCRIPTION
 The fire-fighting monitors
Niagara series are electric
type remote controlled
water cannons, intended to
deliver large amount of water
towards remote targets.
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
F&G SYSTEM
NIAGARA MONITOR
• Description
• Main features
• Advantages
• Application
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
VDD DELUGE VALVE
28/02/2015 15SIL Suitable Final Elements
 The monitor architecture comprises
of a Logic Controller and one or more
monitor assemblies

16. MAIN FEATURES
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
F&G SYSTEM
NIAGARA MONITOR
• Description
• Main features
• Advantages
• Application
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
VDD DELUGE VALVE
28/02/2015 16SIL Suitable Final Elements
 Automatic self-diagnostic
analysis
 Remote controlled
 Designed for sea water and
water foam solution
 Suitability for SIL2 systems
validated by Bureau Veritas

17. ADVANTAGES
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
F&G SYSTEM
NIAGARA MONITOR
• Description
• Main features
• Advantages
• Application
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
VDD DELUGE VALVE
28/02/2015 17SIL Suitable Final Elements
Automatic self-diagnostic analysis: at
regular intervals the self-diagnostic
system in the Logic Controller checks the
correct operation on given commands
 Constant monitoring of any possible
failure of monitor and nozzle
 Reduction of the probability that
faults, taking place between regular
maintenance, will pass undetected
 Increased reliability on demand

18. APPLICATION
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
F&G SYSTEM
NIAGARA MONITOR
• Description
• Main features
• Advantages
• Application
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
VDD DELUGE VALVE
28/02/2015 18SIL Suitable Final Elements
Designed for petrochemical
jetty and marine harbor and
structure cooling
Recommended for those systems which
require:
 A low probability of failure on demand
 A fire protection system with a high
Safety Integrity Level
 A large amount of water towards
remote targets

19. DOUBLE COIL
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
F&G SYSTEM
NIAGARA MONITOR
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
• Description
• Main features
• Application
VDD DELUGE VALVE
28/02/2015 19SIL Suitable Final Elements

20. DESCRIPTION
 The double coil electric actuator has
been developed to sharply reducing
the probability of failure of a pilot
cylinder of a gaseous based fire
protection system (carbon dioxide,
inert gases, halocarbons) or a water
mist system
SIL Suitable Final Elements
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
F&G SYSTEM
NIAGARA MONITOR
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
• Description
• Main features
• Application
VDD DELUGE VALVE
28/02/2015 20

21. MAIN FEATURES
 Redundancy: the actuator has two coils
which receive two independent signals
from the Logic Solver. If one coil should
fail, the other coil is able to open the
cylinder valve
 Suitability for SIL2
systems validated
by Bureau Veritas
SIL Suitable Final Elements
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
F&G SYSTEM
NIAGARA MONITOR
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
• Description
• Main features
• Application
VDD DELUGE VALVE
28/02/2015 21

22. APPLICATION
Designed for the protection of gas
turbines and their generators, electronic
rooms and general installations on FPSO
Recommended for those systems which
require:
 A low probability of failure on demand
 A fire protection system with a high
Safety Integrity Level
SIL Suitable Final Elements
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
F&G SYSTEM
NIAGARA MONITOR
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
• Description
• Main features
• Application
VDD DELUGE VALVE
28/02/2015 22

23. DOUBLE CHAMBER DELUGE VALVE
MODEL VDD
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
F&G SYSTEM
NIAGARA MONITOR
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
VDD DELUGE VALVE
• Description
• Principle of operation
• Main features
• Advantages
• Application
28/02/2015 23SIL Suitable Final Elements

24. DESCRIPTION
 The VDD deluge valve combines all the
functions of a traditional deluge valve
with a fully redundant architecture,
designed to achieve a higher Safety
Availability
 The VDD deluge valve
has two priming
chambers, each one
provided with its own
diaphragm and trim
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
F&G SYSTEM
NIAGARA MONITOR
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
VDD DELUGE VALVE
• Description
• Principle of operation
• Main features
• Advantages
• Application
28/02/2015 24SIL Suitable Final Elements

25. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
 In the set position (valve closed)
The pressure of the water trapped in
the priming chambers holds the
diaphragms on the valve seats, keeping
the valve closed
 In fire condition (valve open)
The pressure is released from the
priming chambers. The water supply
pressure forces the diaphragm off the
seats, opening the valve
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
F&G SYSTEM
NIAGARA MONITOR
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
VDD DELUGE VALVE
• Description
• Principle of operation
• Main features
• Advantages
• Application
28/02/2015 25SIL Suitable Final Elements

26. MAIN FEATURES
 Fully redundant system
 Built-in emergency bypass line that
operates on both priming chambers in
“hot back-up”
 Continuous fire protection
 Designed to overcome a double failure
 Suitability for SIL3 systems validated by
Bureau Veritas
 Under UL testing for UL/cUL Listing
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
F&G SYSTEM
NIAGARA MONITOR
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
VDD DELUGE VALVE
• Description
• Principle of operation
• Main features
• Advantages
• Application
28/02/2015 26SIL Suitable Final Elements

27. ADVANTAGES
Built-in emergency bypass line
 Each priming chamber provides the
nominal design waterway for the fire
protection system
 The system is fully redundant
 The time to respond to a failure is
reduced to zero
 No need of an external bypass line on
the skid: reduction of dimensions,
weight and cost of the skid
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
F&G SYSTEM
NIAGARA MONITOR
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
VDD DELUGE VALVE
• Description
• Principle of operation
• Main features
• Advantages
• Application
28/02/2015 27SIL Suitable Final Elements

28. ADVANTAGES
Designed to overcome a double failure
 A hydraulic bridge between the trims
allows each trim to control both the
diaphragms
 In case of failure of one trim, the other
trim can open both the priming
chambers
 The VDD deluge valve can overcome a
double failure
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
F&G SYSTEM
NIAGARA MONITOR
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
VDD DELUGE VALVE
• Description
• Principle of operation
• Main features
• Advantages
• Application
28/02/2015 28SIL Suitable Final Elements

29. ADVANTAGES
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
F&G SYSTEM
NIAGARA MONITOR
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
VDD DELUGE VALVE
• Description
• Principle of operation
• Main features
• Advantages
• Application
28/02/2015 29SIL Suitable Final Elements
Designed to overcome a double failure
 Fault Tree of the VDD deluge valve

30. ADVANTAGES
Fire protection system always in service
 Two built-in isolation
valves allow alternate
in-line maintenance
to be performed
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
F&G SYSTEM
NIAGARA MONITOR
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
VDD DELUGE VALVE
• Description
• Principle of operation
• Main features
• Advantages
• Application
28/02/2015 30SIL Suitable Final Elements
 An interlock system prevents
the accidental or incorrect
rotation of the isolation valves

31. APPLICATION
 Made of Ni-Al-Bronze, a
highly resistant material
 Specifically designed for
harsh environments, such
as oil & gas onshore and
offshore and chemical and
nuclear plants installations
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
F&G SYSTEM
NIAGARA MONITOR
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
VDD DELUGE VALVE
• Description
• Principle of operation
• Main features
• Advantages
• Application
28/02/2015 31SIL Suitable Final Elements
 Sea water, foam
concentrate and
water foam solution

32. APPLICATION
Recommended for those systems which
require:
 A low probability of failure on demand
 A fire protection system with a high
Safety Integrity Level
 Continuity of fire protection during
maintenance or repair
 Reduction of weight, dimension and
cost of the skid
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
F&G SYSTEM
NIAGARA MONITOR
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
VDD DELUGE VALVE
• Description
• Principle of operation
• Main features
• Advantages
• Application
28/02/2015 32SIL Suitable Final Elements

33. REFERENCE CONTACT
SA Fire Protection
Viale Europa 121-123
Cascina ( PISA ) – Italy
Ph. +39.050.70.30.06
Fax. +39.050.70.35.80
export@sasrl.it