Since 2007 there has been a choice of harmonised standards
to use for Functional Safety in the machinery sector.
The choices are:
ISO standard EN ISO 13849
IEC standard EN 62061
source TUV-SUD
www.regeltechnieken.org
www.ie-net.be/reg
SIL = Safety Integrity Level
•Safety systems are becoming increasingly instrumented
•Depending less on human intervention and operator’s ability to respond correctly in a given situation
•Depending more on instrumentation and programmable systems
•SIL requirements are intended to ensure the reliability of such safety instrumented systems
Complying with New Functional Safety StandardsDesign World
Better understand functional safety and how it applies to the equipment you build and use. As EN ISO 13849-1 (EN 954) and IEC 62061 become more prevalent in North American design and industry segments request Safety Integrity Level (SIL), Control Category and Protection Level (PL) ratings, our approach to machine safety stands to change.
This webinar provides practical advice for adopting these new standards by providing an overview of:
- Market trends
- Applicable standards
- Considerations for applying relevant standards
- Determining your level of machine safety design
Hosted by Design World, this educational webcast helps original equipment manufacturers and end users better understand functional safety and how it applies to the equipment you build.
Implementation and application of a Process Safety Management System. This presentation will focus on the history, purpose and scope of a Process Safety Management (PSM) system. Topics covered include:
-Distinctions between personnel and process safety
-Framework and elements of PSM
-Importance of Safety Culture in the implementation and application of a PSM system
-Relevance and importance of regular audits and assessments of PSM systems
SIL = Safety Integrity Level
•Safety systems are becoming increasingly instrumented
•Depending less on human intervention and operator’s ability to respond correctly in a given situation
•Depending more on instrumentation and programmable systems
•SIL requirements are intended to ensure the reliability of such safety instrumented systems
Complying with New Functional Safety StandardsDesign World
Better understand functional safety and how it applies to the equipment you build and use. As EN ISO 13849-1 (EN 954) and IEC 62061 become more prevalent in North American design and industry segments request Safety Integrity Level (SIL), Control Category and Protection Level (PL) ratings, our approach to machine safety stands to change.
This webinar provides practical advice for adopting these new standards by providing an overview of:
- Market trends
- Applicable standards
- Considerations for applying relevant standards
- Determining your level of machine safety design
Hosted by Design World, this educational webcast helps original equipment manufacturers and end users better understand functional safety and how it applies to the equipment you build.
Implementation and application of a Process Safety Management System. This presentation will focus on the history, purpose and scope of a Process Safety Management (PSM) system. Topics covered include:
-Distinctions between personnel and process safety
-Framework and elements of PSM
-Importance of Safety Culture in the implementation and application of a PSM system
-Relevance and importance of regular audits and assessments of PSM systems
Introduction to Functional Safety and SIL CertificationISA Boston Section
This overview session will acquaint attendees with the key concepts in the IEC 61508 standard for functional safety of electrical/electronic and programmable electronic systems. An introduction is provided to safety integrity levels (SIL), the safety lifecycle and the requirements needed to achieve a functional safety certificate. Information will be provided on documentation requirements and an introduction to the basic objectives of product design for functional safety.
Sil assessment Risk Graph and LOPA Training iFluidsJohn Kingsley
LOPA is the newest methodology for hazard evaluation and risk assessment. On a sliding scale of sophistication and rigor, LOPA lies between the qualitative end of the scale (characterized by methods such as hazard and operability, or HAZOP, analysis and what-if analysis) and the quantitative end (characterized by methods using fault trees and event trees). LOPA helps the analyst make consistent decisions on the adequacy of existing or proposed layers of protection against an accident scenario. The technique is ideally suited for companies striving to meet specific risk targets or to lower risk as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP).
BLOQUE: SEGURIDAD MINERA
Conferencia magistral
Paulo Henrique Humberto Rheinbolt
Process and Industrial Safety Consultant
Det Norske Veritas Business Assurance Brazil
Jueves 19 de setiembre, 2013
Functional hazard analysis is the first step in the process of ensuring functional safety. For safety-critical product developers, this step is fundamental as it helps identify and assess the potential hazardous situations that could lead to accidents. A systematic and structured approach to hazards analysis is crucial to identify Safety Goals and their related ASILs as an input for the development of safety related products.
Watch video recording: https://intland.com/on-demand-webinar/hazard-analysis-and-functional-safety-compliance/
Creative Safety Supply shares how you best to proceed with a Lockout Tagout scenario, ensuring the highest level of safety for your workers and employees. Are you following these standardized safe steps? https://www.lean-news.com/tools-continuous-improvement/
If you want to see some LOTO accessories, equipment and devices used to ensure compliance with standard safe identification, shutdown and maintenance of a defect piece of equipment, than read through this slide deck.
Introduction to Functional Safety and SIL CertificationISA Boston Section
This overview session will acquaint attendees with the key concepts in the IEC 61508 standard for functional safety of electrical/electronic and programmable electronic systems. An introduction is provided to safety integrity levels (SIL), the safety lifecycle and the requirements needed to achieve a functional safety certificate. Information will be provided on documentation requirements and an introduction to the basic objectives of product design for functional safety.
Sil assessment Risk Graph and LOPA Training iFluidsJohn Kingsley
LOPA is the newest methodology for hazard evaluation and risk assessment. On a sliding scale of sophistication and rigor, LOPA lies between the qualitative end of the scale (characterized by methods such as hazard and operability, or HAZOP, analysis and what-if analysis) and the quantitative end (characterized by methods using fault trees and event trees). LOPA helps the analyst make consistent decisions on the adequacy of existing or proposed layers of protection against an accident scenario. The technique is ideally suited for companies striving to meet specific risk targets or to lower risk as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP).
BLOQUE: SEGURIDAD MINERA
Conferencia magistral
Paulo Henrique Humberto Rheinbolt
Process and Industrial Safety Consultant
Det Norske Veritas Business Assurance Brazil
Jueves 19 de setiembre, 2013
Functional hazard analysis is the first step in the process of ensuring functional safety. For safety-critical product developers, this step is fundamental as it helps identify and assess the potential hazardous situations that could lead to accidents. A systematic and structured approach to hazards analysis is crucial to identify Safety Goals and their related ASILs as an input for the development of safety related products.
Watch video recording: https://intland.com/on-demand-webinar/hazard-analysis-and-functional-safety-compliance/
Creative Safety Supply shares how you best to proceed with a Lockout Tagout scenario, ensuring the highest level of safety for your workers and employees. Are you following these standardized safe steps? https://www.lean-news.com/tools-continuous-improvement/
If you want to see some LOTO accessories, equipment and devices used to ensure compliance with standard safe identification, shutdown and maintenance of a defect piece of equipment, than read through this slide deck.
Most industrial safety-critical systems are developed and validated following safety standards. However even though all safety standards address similar concerns with similar objectives, they are also domain-specific standards. The presentation results from the activity of a working group (formerly CG2E, now part of the recently set-up Embedded France) gathering industrial safety experts from aeronautics, automotive, industrial automation, nuclear, railway and space. The lecture will combine a presentation focused on one industry specific standard (the recent ISO 26262 for automotive), and complementary perspective in comparison with the standards in the other five mentioned domains. After the presentation of the history and position and the various regulation regimes, we will highlight some more technical topics e.g., integrated or external safety systems, fault prevention vs. fault tolerance, objectives vs. means prescription, probabilistic vs. deterministic arguments and the notion of criticality, integrity or assurance levels.
Unlike other industries, detailed discussions about functional safety in the automotive industry only began a few years ago. One of the reasons was that there was a prevailing view that the risks posed as a result of mechanical failures are still within the control of the driver.
You can also find interesting articles here: http://bit.ly/steering-articles
Regulatory modifications have raised important issues in design and use of industrial safety systems. Certain changes in IEC 61508, now being widely implemented, mean that designers and users who desire full compliance must give new consideration to topics such as SIL levels and the transition to new methodologies.
A recent regulation approved by the European Parliament laid out the requirements for type approvals of motor vehicles on their safety aspects calls for the introduction of these new safety features as a prerequisite. As such, the need for an internationally recognized standard for safety critical systems becomes more crucial to measure how safe a system is.
Roberta Nelson Shea presents the new Robotic safety standard RIA R15.06-2012 at Applied Manufacturing Technologies Technoloigy Fair 2014. The new robotic safety standard goes into effect January 2015. Learn how to comply today,
TÜV SÜD on functional safety for multi-core architecturesTorben Haagh
With the importance of successful and efficient implimentation of functional safety continuing to grow on a global scale, ensuring the safey of multi-core architectures poses the next big challenge.
Dr. Andreas Bärwald, Vice President Global Strategy and Operations Automotive, TÜV SÜD Automotive GbmH joined us at last year’s event to give us exclusive case study insight as to how three leading automotive companies achieved this aim.
Read more here:
http://bit.ly/Presentation_TUV-SUD
SIA Journée d'étude : NORME ISO 26262 Sécurité fonctionnelle électronique automobile , 04-03-2018
Cédric Heller, DQI/DSEE, French Delegate of TC22/SC32/WG8
Knowing de right flow
Nicky Pollet
www.flowcor.be
GREFAN BENELUX
GEFRAN
Sensoren voor druk, positiethemperatuur en kracht
Automatisatie en componenten
FLOWCOR
Debiet en drukmeters en regelaars voor gas, vloeistof en damp/stoom toepassingen
Customize flow solutions
www.ie-net.be/reg
Bron: RITEC BVBA (www.ritec.be )
Voordracht oktober 2019
www.ie-net.be/reg
Wat is een breekplaat?
Kenmerken.
Wat is een breekplaathouder?
Waarom worden breekplaten toegepast?
Toepassingen.
Verschillende types breekplaten.
...
Bron: Marc Van de Sijpe (RITEC BVBA) Functie vlamdoversMESG Maximum Experimental Safe Gap Element Propagatie van een vlam in een leiding Drukval Internationale standaarden … Voordracht 2019 ie-net ingenieursvereniging vzw > Meer info: https://ie-net.be/reg
Bron: Marc Van de Sijpe (RITEC BVBA)
Functie vlamdoversMESG Maximum Experimental Safe Gap
Element
Propagatie van een vlam in een leiding
Drukval
Internationale standaarden
…
Voordracht 2019 ie-net ingenieursvereniging vzw
> Meer info: https://ie-net.be/reg
Bron: Josse Brys (HIMA)
Industrial Control Systems (ICS)
Safety Instrumentals Systems (SIS)
What makes HIMA unique?
Safequards your plant / operations
Functional safety standards
SIL Safety Integrety Level
SIL levels
What is safety?
Cyber secure down to its core
Zones & conduits (IEC 62443)
www.regeltechnieken.org
….
Bron: Stijn Dely (CGK Group)
Hoe maak ik de omgeving van mijn opslagtank veilig en efficiënt
Creëert een veilige omgevingDe correcte losprocedure
Veilig het product in uw tank verpompen en naar de verbruikers
Het opzetten van een pompsysteem
Keuze van de juiste pomp
Pompkast
www.regeltechnieken.org
Bron: Stijn Dely (CGK Group)
Wetgeving
Documenten en attesten
Checklist tankcontrole
Bespreking van 2 cases
Periodieke keuringen
Meer info www.regeltechnieken.org
No explosion from sparking
Three- application-oriented series
Sealings inserts replace EX sealing plugs
Optimum safety: EX & EMC protection
...
https://ie-net.be/reg
J Van Hemelen keuringsorganisme vzw
Presentatie van 18 november 2008 in het VIK-huis
Slides of the VIK lecture "Elektrische installaties in ruimtes met stofexplosiegevaar"
by Koen Van Hemelen on 18 november 2008 at VIK-huis
https://www.ie-net.be+reg
Bron: Koen Van Hemelen
J Van Hemelen keuringsorganisme vzw
Presentatie van 18 november 2008 in het VIK-huis
Slides of the VIK lecture "Elektrische installaties in ruimtes met stofexplosiegevaar"
by Koen Van Hemelen on 18 november 2008 at VIK-huis
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
1. Drives & Controls 2014 - Functional Safety of Machinery 1
Click to edit
Master text
styles
Functional Safety
Standards for
Machinery
Stewart Robinson
MIET MInstMC
2. Current Functional Safety Standards for Machinery
TÜV SÜD Product Service Slide 2Drives & Controls 2014 - Functional Safety of Machinery
• Since 2007 there has been a choice of harmonised standards
to use for Functional Safety in the machinery sector.
• The choices are:
– ISO standard EN ISO 13849-1
– IEC standard EN 62061.
• Whilst both standards have essentially the same basic
requirements there are differences in the detail of these
standards.
3. Current Functional Safety Standards for Machinery
TÜV SÜD Product Service Slide 3Drives & Controls 2014 - Functional Safety of Machinery
• The intention is that the standards will be combined into a
single standard at some point?
• The new standard will be ISO/IEC 17305
• This presentation will explain some of the techniques and
approaches that can be used now to comply with the current
standards whilst preparing for the introduction of a single
standard.
4. ISO13849-1 and IEC 62061
4Drives & Controls 2014 - Functional Safety of Machinery
6. Standards for Functional Safety
Source: BGIA Report 2/2008e
TÜV SÜD Product Service Slide 6Drives & Controls 2014 - Functional Safety of Machinery
7. EN ISO 13849-1
Source: BGIA Report 2/2008e
TÜV SÜD Product Service Slide 7Drives & Controls 2014 - Functional Safety of Machinery
8. ISO/IEC Technical reports
TÜV SÜD Product Service Slide 8Drives & Controls 2014 - Functional Safety of Machinery
• Technical reports were issued by both the IEC and ISO in 2010
• ISO/DTR 23849 and IEC/TR 62061-1
• “Safety-related control systems can be designed to achieve acceptable levels of
functional safety using either of the two standards by integrating non-complex
SRECS (safety-related electrical control system) subsystems or SRP/CS (safety-
related parts of a control system) designed in accordance with IEC 62061 and
ISO 13849-1, respectively.
• “Both standards can also be used to provide design solutions for complex
SRECS and SRP/CS by integrating electrical/electronic/programmable electronic
subsystems designed in accordance with IEC 61508.”
9. ISO/IEC Technical reports
TÜV SÜD Product Service Slide 9Drives & Controls 2014 - Functional Safety of Machinery
• “Both standards currently have value to users in the machinery sector and
benefits will be gained from experience in their use. Feedback over a reasonable
period on their practical application is essential to support any future initiatives to
move towards a standard that merges the contents of both IEC 62061 and
ISO 13849-1.”
• “Differences exist in detail and it is recognized that some concepts (e.g.
functional safety management) will need further work to establish equivalence
between respective design methodologies and some technical requirements.”
10. TÜV SÜD Product Service
IEC 62061 and ISO 13849 A cross reference guide
1 Concept
3 Hazard and risk analysis
4 Overallsafety requirements
5
Overallsafety requirements
allocation
2 Overallscope definition
Phases
1-5
Phases
6-16
This guide sets out to explain where
the details for different safety
lifecycle activities can be found in
the standards for the Machinery
Sector:
IEC 62061 and ISO 13849.
The overall safety lifecycle model
contained in IEC 61508 has been
used as the reference point.
To navigate click on one of the
buttons below and then click
on an individual phase
9 E/E/PE system safety
requirementsspecification
10 E/E/PE
Safety-related systems
Realisation
(see E/E/PE system
safety lifecycle)
6
Overall
operation
and
maintenan
ce planning
11 Other risk reduction
measures
Specificationand
Realisation
7
Overall
safety
validati
on
plannin
g
8
Overall
installation
and
commissionin
g planning
Overall planning
12 Overall installation and
commissioning
13 Overall safety validation
14 Overall operation,
maintenanceand repair
16 Decommissioning or
disposal
15 Overall modification
and retrofit
11. TÜV SÜD Product Service
Home
Phases
1-5
Phases
6-16
5
Objectives
To allocate the safety functions, contained in the specification for the overall safety requirements
(both the safety functions requirements and the safety integrity requirements), to the designated
E/E/PE safety related systems and other risk reduction measures; To allocate a safety integrity
level to each safety function to be carried out by an E/E/PE safety-related system.
IEC 61508
Part 1 Clauses
7.6.1
7.6.2
IEC 62061
Clause 5
5.2.1.3 – Specifications
for each SRCF shall
comprise the functional
requirement (5.2.3)and
the safety integrity
requirement (5.2.4)
ISO 13849
Clause 4
4.2.2 – For each safety
function the
characteristics and the
required performance
level shall be specified
Overall safety requirements allocation
12. EN ISO 13849-1 Annex A risk graph
TÜV SÜD Product Service Slide 12Drives & Controls 2014 - Functional Safety of Machinery
13. SIL Assignment Matrix
TÜV SÜD Product Service Slide 13Drives & Controls 2014 - Functional Safety of Machinery
• Probability of occurrence of harm (Cl)
Cl = Fr + Pr + Av
Frequency
Fr
Probability of occurence
Pr
Avoidance
Av
≤ 1 per hr 5 Common 5
<1 per hr to ≥ I day 5 Likely 4
< 1per day to ≥ 1 per 2 weeks 4 Possible 3 Impossible 5
< 1 per 2 wks to ≥ 1 per yr 3 Rarely 2 Rarely 3
< 1 per yr 2 Negligible 1 Likely 1
14. PLr Determination by matrix
TÜV SÜD Product Service Slide 14Drives & Controls 2014 - Functional Safety of Machinery
Consequences Severity
Class Cl
4-5 6-7 8-9 10-11 12-13 14-15
Death, losing
an eye or arm
4 PLc PLc PLd PLd PLe PLe
Permanent,
losing fingers
3 PLc PLc PLc PLd PLd PLe
Reversible,
medical attn.
2 PLb PLb PLb PLc PLd PLd
Reversible, first
aid
1 PLa PLa PLb PLb PLc PLc
May require recalibration!
For discussion/consideration
15. PL and SIL
TÜV SÜD Product Service Slide 15Drives & Controls 2014 - Functional Safety of Machinery
EN ISO 13849-1
Performance Level
(PL)
Average
probability of a
dangerous failure
per hour [1/h]
EN 62061
Safety Integrity
Level (SIL)
a ≥ 10-5 to < 10-4 no special safety
requirements
b ≥ 3 x 10-6 to < 10-5 1
c ≥ 10-6 to < 3 x 10-6 1
d ≥ 10-7 to < 10-6 2
e ≥ 10-8 to < 10-7 3
16. TÜV SÜD Product Service
Home
Phases
1-5
Phases
6-16
10
Objectives
To create E/E/PE safety related systems conforming to the specification for the E/E/PE system
safety requirements (comprising the specification for the E/E/PE system safety functions
requirements and the specification for the E/E/PE system safety integrity requirements).
IEC 61508
Part 1 Clauses
7.11.1; 7.11.2
Part 2 for Hardware
Part 3 for Software
IEC 62061
Included in Clause 6.
Control of systematic
faults is part of this
clause.
SRECS architecture is
described by subsystems
detailing Hardware Fault
Tolerance and Diagnostic
Coverage
ISO 13849
Clause 4.4 gives the
overall requirements.
Clause 6 describes
designated architectures
as categories (B, 1 – 4).
Categories state the
required behaviour of a
SRP/CS in respect of it’s
resistance to faults etc.
Realisation – Hardware design
17. EN ISO 13849-1 Categories
Designated Architectures
TÜV SÜD Product Service Slide 17Drives & Controls 2014 - Functional Safety of Machinery
Cat B & Cat 1
Cat 2
Cat 3 Cat 4
18. EN 62061 Architectures
TÜV SÜD Product Service Slide 18Drives & Controls 2014 - Functional Safety of Machinery
Subsystem A
Subsystem B
Subsystem C
Subsystem D
19. PFHD of the Function
TÜV SÜD Product Service Slide 19Drives & Controls 2014 - Functional Safety of Machinery
The PFHD of the Function is the sum of the PFHD of each of
the SRP/CS (subsystems) that make up the Function
DssnDssDssDssDtotal PFHPFHPFHPFHPFH ....321
Sensor Logic Actuator
Sensor
Sensor
Input Logic Output
Actuator
Actuator
20. Series alignment of Subsystems
TÜV SÜD Product Service Slide 20Drives & Controls 2014 - Functional Safety of Machinery
DactuatoricDDsensorDtotal PFHPFHPFHPFH log
SIL or PL
21. PFH Verification
TÜV SÜD Product Service Slide 21Drives & Controls 2014 - Functional Safety of Machinery
DeDeDeDssD TDCTDC })]1([
2
]2{[)1( 1
222 2
hPFH DD 1
8760
1
d
D
MTTF
PFHCategory 1
Or
Subsystem A
Subsystem D
22. Verification by software – Object types
SISTEMA recognizes seven different types of objects.
These can be regarded as the building- blocks from which a project is created.
TÜV SÜD Product Service Slide 22Drives & Controls 2014 - Functional Safety of Machinery
23. IFA SISTEMA – PL – EN ISO 13849-1
TÜV SÜD Product Service Slide 23Drives & Controls 2014 - Functional Safety of Machinery
24. Pilz PAScal – SIL – EN 62061 (and PL – EN 13849)
TÜV SÜD Product Service Slide 24Drives & Controls 2014 - Functional Safety of Machinery
25. Out of control
Why control systems go wrong and how to prevent failure?
(Out of control, 2nd edition 2003, Health & Safety Executive HSE – UK)
TÜV SÜD Product Service Slide 25Drives & Controls 2014 - Functional Safety of Machinery
26. Systematic failure
• Failure related in a deterministic way to a certain cause, which can only be
eliminated by a modification of the design or of the manufacturing process,
operational procedures, documentation or other relevant factors
– the safety requirements specification,
– the design, manufacture, installation, operation of the hardware, and
– the design, implementation, etc., of the software.
• Further information can be found in:
– EN ISO 13849-1, in particular in Annex G
– EN 62061, in particular Clause 6.4
TÜV SÜD Product Service Slide 26Drives & Controls 2014 - Functional Safety of Machinery
27. Check Lists
TÜV SÜD Product Service Slide 27Drives & Controls 2014 - Functional Safety of Machinery
Item Reference Yes No
Have all risks been reduced as far as possible by safe design
of the machine, and the use of fixed safeguards etc?
EN ISO 12100:2010
EN 953:1997
Have the consequences of systematic failures been fully taken
into account?
EN ISO 13849-1 Annex G
EN 62061 Clause 6.4
Have all risks that are to be reduced by Safety Related
Controls been identified?
EN ISO 13849-1 Clause 4.4
EN 62061 Clause 5.2
Have the Safety Requirements for each Safety Related Control
Function been correctly specified in terms of functional
requirements?
EN ISO 13849-1 Clause 5
EN 62061 Clause 6.6.2.1.6
Have the Safety Requirements for each Safety Related Control
Function been correctly specified in terms of performance
requirements?
EN ISO 13849-1 Clause 4.3 and Annex A
EN 62061 Clause 6.6.2.1.6 and Annex A
28. Check List part 2
TÜV SÜD Product Service Slide 28Drives & Controls 2014 - Functional Safety of Machinery
Item Reference Yes No
Has an appropriate architecture for the design of the safety
related controls been chosen?
EN ISO 13849-1 Clause 6
EN 62061 Clauses 6.6.2.1.2,3,7
Is performance data available for safety related components from:
1) The component manufacturer.
2) Reliable generic data
EN ISO 13849-1 Clause 4.5.2 and
Annexes C and D
EN 62061 Clause 6.7.7.2
Has the Diagnostic Coverage provided by the automatic tests
been correctly established?
EN ISO 13849-1 Annex E
EN 62061 Clause 6.8
Have the effects of Common Cause Errors been examined and
adequate measures to mitigate the consequences put in place?
EN ISO 13849-1 Annex F
EN 62061 Clause 6.7.8.3 and Annex F
Has the performance of the safety related control functions been
verified as meeting the required PL or SIL?
EN ISO 13849-1 Clause 4.7
EN 62061 Clause 6.6.3
Have the requirements for validation been adequately planned
and prepared?
EN ISO 13849-2
EN 62061 Clause 8
29. TÜV SÜD Product Service
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TÜV SÜD Drives & Controls 2014 - Functional Safety of Machinery Slide 29