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William Wycherley was born in 1641 in Shropshire, England. He was sent to study in France as a teenager where he converted to Catholicism before returning to England and converting back to Protestantism. Wycherley began his career as a playwright in 1671, gaining success with works like The Country Wife. He stopped writing after 1676 due to financial problems and debts. Wycherley struggled with money issues for the rest of his life and passed away in 1715 at the age of 74.
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It marks the beginning of a new language and literature
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It was essentially an era of unrest and transition
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Natural calamities
Black Death [Plague] (A.D. 1348-49)
Age of social unrest and economic troubles. -- Labor become unsatisfied with their salary. -- Efforts were made to keep the labors under control with the help of legislation.
Burdens of taxation.
Conflict between king Richard and his subjects
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Standard English Language: Proper English without influence of other languages
Example: The Canterbury Tales, Chanticleer and the Fox by Geoffrey Chaucer; Piers Plowman by William Langland etc.
Realism: Concept of reality
Example: The settings of The Canterbury Tales
Church Corruption:
Example: The religious figures in The Canterbury Tales highlights many problems of church corruptions
Presence of Humor, Satire & Irony:
Example: The Canterbury Tales reveal Chaucerian Humor in the Prologue, showed Satire through the characterization & Irony to build up a satirical portrait.
Spirit of Romance:
Example: Courtly love, Romance, Marriage & Sexual Desire are found in the theme of The Canterbury Tales
Frame Story: A literary device that joins together 2 or more large stories or frame.
Example: The Canterbury Tales is a great indication of the frame work
Growth of Nationalism:
Example: In the writings of this age the influence of love for nation are found.
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William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-Upon-Avon, England in 1564. He married Anne Hathaway at age 18 and had three children, though his son Hamnet died at age 11. During the "Lost Years" from 1585 to 1592 there are no records of Shakespeare's activities. He later moved to London and began working as an actor and playwright, producing 37 plays and collaborating with the Lord Chamberlain's Men, who built the Globe Theater. Shakespeare wrote acclaimed poems, comedies, tragedies, and histories before returning to Stratford, where he died in 1616 at the age of 52.
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Geoffrey Chaucer (/ˈtʃɔːsər/; c. 1340s – 25 October 1400) was an English poet and author. Considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages,[citation needed] he is best known for The Canterbury Tales, and is considered the "Father of English literature". He was the first writer buried in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey.[1] Chaucer also gained fame as a philosopher and astronomer, composing the scientific A Treatise on the Astrolabe for his 10-year-old son Lewis. He maintained a career in the civil service as a bureaucrat, courtier, diplomat, and member of parliament.
The 14th century is known as Chaucer’s age
It marks the beginning of a new language and literature
It was the age of transformation from medieval age to modern times
It was essentially an era of unrest and transition
Main writers of the age: Geoffrey Chaucer, William Langland, John Wycliffe, Sir John Mandeville, John Gower
Remarkable Events that Influenced Chaucer
Natural calamities
Black Death [Plague] (A.D. 1348-49)
Age of social unrest and economic troubles. -- Labor become unsatisfied with their salary. -- Efforts were made to keep the labors under control with the help of legislation.
Burdens of taxation.
Conflict between king Richard and his subjects
Features of Chaucer’s Age with Example
Standard English Language: Proper English without influence of other languages
Example: The Canterbury Tales, Chanticleer and the Fox by Geoffrey Chaucer; Piers Plowman by William Langland etc.
Realism: Concept of reality
Example: The settings of The Canterbury Tales
Church Corruption:
Example: The religious figures in The Canterbury Tales highlights many problems of church corruptions
Presence of Humor, Satire & Irony:
Example: The Canterbury Tales reveal Chaucerian Humor in the Prologue, showed Satire through the characterization & Irony to build up a satirical portrait.
Spirit of Romance:
Example: Courtly love, Romance, Marriage & Sexual Desire are found in the theme of The Canterbury Tales
Frame Story: A literary device that joins together 2 or more large stories or frame.
Example: The Canterbury Tales is a great indication of the frame work
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Example: In the writings of this age the influence of love for nation are found.
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RESTORATION PERIOD 1660
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this presentation will give you a lot of in studying this English Literary period. hope you will put out your THOUMB upwards....
Biography of Ben johnson
Ben Jonson was an influential English playwright and poet in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. He worked various jobs like soldier and bricklayer before becoming an actor and writer. Some of his most famous works include Every Man in His Humor, Volpone, and The Alchemist. In 1616, he was among the first to receive a royal pension for his writings, cementing his status as one of England's most celebrated poets and playwrights of the era.
The Restoration
The Restoration period in England from 1660-1800 followed a time of civil war and the overthrow of the monarchy. In 1660, King Charles II was restored to the throne, ending the republican government established by Oliver Cromwell. This period was characterized by an emphasis on reason and scientific inquiry inspired by thinkers like Francis Bacon. Literature of the time used genres like satire, journalism, and novels to explore politics, morality, and social issues during a time of cultural and intellectual growth.
Shakespeare's sonnets
Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets. His sonnets talk about love, friendship etc.The sonnets to the young man express overwhelming, obsessional love. The main cause of debate has always been whether it remained platonic or became physical.The first 17 poems, traditionally called the procreation sonnets, are addressed to the young man urging him to marry and have children in order to immortalize his beauty by passing it to the next generation.Other sonnets express the speaker's love for the young man; brood upon loneliness, death, and the transience of life; seem to criticise the young man for preferring a rival poet; express ambiguous feelings for the speaker's mistress; and pun on the poet's name. The final two sonnets are allegorical treatments of Greek epigrams referring to the "little love-god" Cupid.
Congreve & way of world
William Congreve was a 17th century English playwright born in 1670 in Yorkshire, England. He was educated at Kilkenny College and Trinity College Dublin. After graduating, he studied law while being influenced by writers like Plato, Aesop, and Shakespeare. He held several government posts and wrote poems and plays in his spare time, gaining recognition for his lyric skills. His most famous works included the comedies The Old Bachelor, Love for Love, and The Way of the World. Congreve suffered from poor eyesight his whole life and died in 1729 at the age of 59 after an accident with his coach.
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The document summarizes the literary characteristics of the English Restoration period from 1660 to 1688. It notes that French influence was strong during this period. Two tendencies emerged - realism in representing reality and individuals as they are, and formalism with a preference for short, clear sentences without unnecessary words. The heroic couplet, pioneered by Waller, became a dominant poetic form. The Restoration period saw a shift away from Elizabethan and Puritan styles as England's monarchy was restored under Charles II.
Elizabethan era
The Elizabethan era in English history was marked by the reign of Queen Elizabeth I from 1558 to 1603. This period is often depicted as a golden age and cultural flowering. Literature, theatre, and poetry thrived under royal patronage. William Shakespeare was the most famous playwright of this era, along with other notable writers like Christopher Marlowe, Edmund Spenser, and Ben Jonson. Shakespeare's works like his sonnets and plays had a profound influence on English literature during this time.
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The document summarizes the key characteristics and events of the English Restoration period (1660-1798). It was a time of political upheaval following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660. Literature of this period is referred to as Augustan or Neoclassical. Notable developments include the rise of satire, novels, and poetry exploring personal themes within classical forms. Major authors who shaped English literature during this time include John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift, Daniel Defoe, and Samuel Johnson.
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Drama was introduced to England by the Romans and flourished during the English Renaissance in the 16th century under playwrights like Shakespeare and Marlowe. However, theaters were closed by Puritans from 1649-1660. After the restoration of the monarchy, theaters reopened but comedy became more imitative of French models under Restoration playwrights. In the 18th century, sentimental comedy and domestic tragedy focusing on ordinary people became popular, moving away from the immorality of Restoration pieces. Important 18th century dramatists included Vanbrugh, Addison, Cowley, Cumberland, and Lillo.
William Shakespeare
The document provides an overview of William Shakespeare's life and works. It discusses key events in Shakespeare's life from 1558-1616 and important historical events during his time. It then summarizes Shakespeare's rise to fame as a playwright and actor in London theaters. Finally, it categorizes and describes the characteristics of Shakespeare's plays, including histories, tragedies, comedies, problem comedies/dark comedies, and romances.
Shakespeare
William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. He is widely considered the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. Shakespeare wrote plays and poems throughout his career in London starting in the early 1590s. Some of his most famous works include tragedies like Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth as well as comedies and histories. Shakespeare influenced generations of poets and playwrights with his sophisticated dramatic works and his exploration of human psychology.
Shakespeare
William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. He is widely considered the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. Shakespeare wrote plays and poems throughout his career in London starting in the early 1590s. Some of his most famous works include tragedies like Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth as well as comedies and histories. Shakespeare influenced generations of poets and playwrights with his sophisticated dramatic works and his exploration of human psychology.
Restoration Research part 2
During the English Civil War and Interregnum, theatre was banned. When Charles II returned from exile, he helped revive theatre by appointing Thomas Killigrew and William Davenant to manage theatre companies. Killigrew built traditional theatres while Davenant converted tennis courts and introduced innovations from Europe. Women also began performing for the first time in England. Notable early actresses included Nell Gwynne and Elizabeth Barry. Playwrights of the period included Aphra Behn, the first professional female writer, and William Congreve, who wrote comedies of manners. Samuel Pepys' diary provides valuable first-hand accounts of restoration life, including descriptions of plays and social events of the time.
Shakespeare powerpoint-1225806703713015-8
Queen Elizabeth I ruled England for 45 years in the late 16th century, restoring Protestantism. During this time, hundreds were convicted and executed as witches. King James I, who took the throne in 1603, was fascinated by witchcraft and commissioned a book on the topic. Both monarchs presided over a period where belief in witchcraft and supernatural evil was widespread, and many were put to death under accusations of witchcraft. Shakespeare wrote for the theater during this era, addressing themes that would have resonated with audiences who believed in heaven, hell, and the supernatural.
The tudors by alessia lopriore IVCSU
The document provides a summary of the Tudor dynasty in England from Henry VII to Elizabeth I. It discusses the key events and monarchs during this period. Henry VII consolidated his position by making alliances through marriage. Henry VIII broke with the Catholic Church and established the Church of England after failing to obtain an annulment from the Pope. His daughters Mary I and Elizabeth I succeeded him but had differing approaches to religion, with Mary attempting to restore Catholicism and Elizabeth establishing Protestantism. The Tudor line ended with Elizabeth I's death in 1603.
Absolutism
This document discusses the development of absolute monarchy in Europe from the 16th to 18th centuries. It describes how monarchs asserted divine right to rule and centralized power by growing bureaucracies. Religious conflicts weakened the Holy Roman Empire and led to the Peace of Westphalia, recognizing independent states. The English Civil War established constitutional monarchy with shared power between monarch and parliament. Louis XIV ruled France absolutely but weakened it financially. Conflicts between Austria and Prussia continued into the Seven Years' War. Peter the Great modernized Russia by westernizing reforms.
Absolutism
This document discusses the development of absolute monarchy in Europe from the 16th to 18th centuries. It describes how monarchs asserted divine right to rule and increased their power by weakening the nobility and creating strong centralized governments. It led to conflicts over religion and succession that were resolved through wars and agreements limiting royal power, establishing constitutional monarchies and parliamentary systems. Key figures discussed include Louis XIV of France, Peter the Great of Russia, and Maria Theresa of Austria.
Shakespeare and renaissance
The document provides information about William Shakespeare and the Renaissance period in England. It discusses Shakespeare's life and family, the theatre companies he worked with, the genres of plays he wrote, and some of the challenges he faced. It also describes the development of theatre during the Renaissance, including the first theatre buildings, acting companies, and plays being performed. The printing press helped spread literature and learning during this period of revival and rebirth across Europe that began in Italy in the 15th century.
Literature work in renaissance
This document provides biographical information about several English Renaissance dramatists and poets:
- Christopher Marlowe was one of the earliest English Renaissance dramatists, known for plays like Tamburlaine the Great and Doctor Faustus. His works predate Shakespeare's.
- William Shakespeare is famously the most influential English playwright and poet. He wrote plays across many genres from the 1590s until 1613.
- Ben Jonson was a contemporary of Shakespeare's known for satirical comedies like Volpone and tragedies like Sejanus. Many of his best works were written after Queen Elizabeth's death.
- Thomas Middleton wrote comedies like A Mad World and A Trick to Catch the Old One set
Shakespeare Background Notes
King Henry VIII ruled England from 1509 to 1547 and had six wives. He broke England's ties with the Catholic Church and established himself as head of the new Church of England. William Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon and went on to become one of the most famous playwrights in London in the late 16th century. His plays were performed both at court and in theaters. Elizabeth I became queen in 1558 and presided over a period of cultural flourishing in England, including the development of the theater, during Shakespeare's lifetime.
Elizabethan
The Elizabethan theatre developed out of medieval traditions like mystery plays and interludes. It flourished during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I due to her patronage. Playwrights like Marlowe, Jonson, and Shakespeare produced works for the new theatres in London. Shakespeare's company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men, performed plays at theatres like The Globe and Blackfriars. His works ranged from comedies to tragedies and established him as the greatest English playwright.
Queens of europe
Elizabeth I ruled England from 1558 to 1603 during what was known as the Elizabethan era. She established the Church of England and defeated the Spanish Armada. Mary, Queen of Scots was Elizabeth's rival for the English throne as she was Catholic and claimed to be the rightful heir. Mary was eventually executed after being imprisoned by Elizabeth for 18 years for plotting against her. Marie Antoinette was the last Queen of France, serving from 1774 until the French Revolution led to her execution in 1793. Catherine the Great ruled Russia for 34 years until 1796, expanding the empire significantly during her reign known as the Golden Age of Russia.
Queens Of Europe
Elizabeth I ruled England from 1558 to 1603 during what was known as the Elizabethan era. She established the Church of England and defeated the Spanish Armada. Mary, Queen of Scots was Elizabeth's rival for the English throne as she was Catholic and claimed to be the rightful heir. Mary was eventually executed after being imprisoned by Elizabeth for 18 years for plotting against her. Marie Antoinette was the last Queen of France, serving from 1774 until the French Revolution led to her execution in 1793. Catherine the Great ruled Russia for 34 years until 1796, expanding the empire significantly during her reign known as the Golden Age of Russia.
Shakespeare chronology
1. This document provides a chronology of key dates related to William Shakespeare's life and career from his birth in 1564 to 1709. It details his upbringing in Stratford-upon-Avon, marriage, children, and move to London in the 1590s where he began his career as an actor and playwright.
2. In London, Shakespeare wrote and performed in plays for the Chamberlain's Men and later the King's Men acting troupes. Some of his most famous works from this time include Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and King Lear.
3. In the early 1600s, Shakespeare began spending more time in Stratford and writing fewer plays. He
Shakespeare
William Shakespeare was an English playwright, poet and actor born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, England. He married Anne Hathaway and had three children with her. While the details of Shakespeare's early life and education are unknown, his plays had become popular in London by 1592. He wrote 37 plays and 154 sonnets in his lifetime before dying in 1616 at the age of 52. Shakespeare was able to draw from his knowledge of history and classics in his works during the Elizabethan era in England, a time of Renaissance, social change, and conflict with Spain.
Shakespeare
William Shakespeare was an English playwright, poet and actor born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, England. He married Anne Hathaway and had three children with her. Some of Shakespeare's plays were being performed in London by 1592. His plays were widely popular due to their universal themes of love, loss and human behavior. Shakespeare wrote a total of 37 plays and 154 sonnets before dying in 1616 at the age of 52.
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3 william wycherley s biography
- 2. When? Probably born on or around May 28, 1641 Where?The town of Clive in the English county of Shropshire, Father : Daniel, High Steward in the household of the Marquess ofWinchester Mother : Bethia, a lady-in-waiting to the Marchioness.
- 3. At about age 15, sent to study in western France Influenced by the literary and religious attitudes there Converted to Roman Catholicism At 18, returned to England, reconverted to Protestantism. Studied law
- 4. Ages 20-30 are obscure, thought to have partaken in a naval battle. 1671 – First play performed by the King’s Men (Love in aWood) Gained the patronage of King Charles II 1672 – Second play - The Gentleman Dancing Master (disappointment) 1675 - third play,The CountryWife at theTheatre Royal – Absolute triumph 1676 - fourth and final play - The Plain Dealer, was presented at theTheater Royal; it, too, was a success, and it was viewed during his lifetime asWycherley’s signature work.
- 5. Stopped writing afterThe Plain Dealer Financial Problems 1679 – Secret Marriage to Countess of Drogheda Expected heritage upon her death But was put to prison for debts (1682)
- 6. King James pays for his debts (1686) Even granted him a pension of £200 per year Was between London and Shropshire after that Made friends withAlexander Pope Pope revised his works (not well received)
- 7. FinalYears : Illness, depression and financial difficulties Remarried in 1715 (age 74) to Elizabeth Jackson But was more interested in his religious life (reconverted to catholicism) 11 days later, died on NewYear’s Eve