Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets. His sonnets talk about love, friendship etc.The sonnets to the young man express overwhelming, obsessional love. The main cause of debate has always been whether it remained platonic or became physical.The first 17 poems, traditionally called the procreation sonnets, are addressed to the young man urging him to marry and have children in order to immortalize his beauty by passing it to the next generation.Other sonnets express the speaker's love for the young man; brood upon loneliness, death, and the transience of life; seem to criticise the young man for preferring a rival poet; express ambiguous feelings for the speaker's mistress; and pun on the poet's name. The final two sonnets are allegorical treatments of Greek epigrams referring to the "little love-god" Cupid.
Paradise Lost is a poem by John Milton written in blank verse. This is based on the biblical theme of the fall of man. It depicts the temptation of Adam and Eve by the fallen angel Satan and their expulsion from the Garden of Eden. Milton stated his purpose in Book I is to "justify the ways of God to men".
The Good-Morrow by John Donne: Analysis. The Good-Morrow, by John Donne, chiefly deals with a love that advances further from lusty love to the spiritual love.The poem makes use of biblical and Catholic writings, indirectly referencing the legend of the Seven Sleepers and Paul the Apostle's description of divine, agapic love – two concepts with which, as a practicing Catholic, Donne would have been familiar.
The ancient mariner is a poem written by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. In this poem, he talks about an old sailor who happened to stop one of the three wedding guests to listen to his woeful tale. The wedding guest was bewitched by the mariner's glittering eye and he sat down to hear his narrative of his disastrous journey he undertook.
Paradise Lost is a poem by John Milton written in blank verse. This is based on the biblical theme of the fall of man. It depicts the temptation of Adam and Eve by the fallen angel Satan and their expulsion from the Garden of Eden. Milton stated his purpose in Book I is to "justify the ways of God to men".
The Good-Morrow by John Donne: Analysis. The Good-Morrow, by John Donne, chiefly deals with a love that advances further from lusty love to the spiritual love.The poem makes use of biblical and Catholic writings, indirectly referencing the legend of the Seven Sleepers and Paul the Apostle's description of divine, agapic love – two concepts with which, as a practicing Catholic, Donne would have been familiar.
The ancient mariner is a poem written by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. In this poem, he talks about an old sailor who happened to stop one of the three wedding guests to listen to his woeful tale. The wedding guest was bewitched by the mariner's glittering eye and he sat down to hear his narrative of his disastrous journey he undertook.
Vellore Mutiny constitutes the first instance of an outbreak against the rules imposed by the British on the Indian sepoys predates the first sepoy mutiny of 1857
Nehru's economic policies and the challenges of globalizationDayamani Surya
Nehru's economic policies failed because he could not build institutions and organizational structures to implement his vision or policies or to mobilize the people behind them; he created no social instruments and this led to a general weakness in execution of his policies and ideas, and was a major reason for the shortcomings in the implementation of the land reforms, the execution of the Community Development programme and the management of the public sector.
A critical flaw of Nehru’s strategy of consolidation of the Indian nation, economic development and social transformation flowed from his non-adherence to the Gandhian strategy of non-violent struggle in one crucial aspect and its emphasis on the mobilization of the people.
Swami Vivekananda is regarded as one of the patron saints of Modern India. The prime disciple of 19th century Indian mystic Ramakrishna Paramhansa, he reintroduced the Indian philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga to the Western world.His message of universal brotherhood and self-awakening remains relevant and most practical especially in the current backdrop of widespread political disturbance around the world
The role of hubris that comes into play before the death of agamemnonDayamani Surya
While Agamemnon was fighting the Trojans, his wife plotted to kill him in revenge for the sacrifice of their daughter, Iphigenia.
Agamemnon was warned by Cassandra, who prophesied to tell the future that his wife would kill him, but he did not believe it.His wife, Clytemnestra welcomed him home with a bath to purify himself. When she wrapped him in a garment after his bath, he could not move his arm.Her lover, Aegisthus stabbed Agamemnon and Clytemnestra and Cassandra
Agamemnon’s son, Oresta eventually avenged the murder by telling both Clytemnestra and Aegisthus with the help of his sister, Electra.
It is interesting to note that while adhering to their Indian culture Christian marriages in India have included some of the western traditions.Indian Christian weddings in effect are totally different from what is being portrayed in films. It is assumed that the bride is mostly dressed in a gown which is not completely true. Most women prefer to wear a Banaras/designer saree/lehenga in off white/milky white colours. There are many christian brides who love to get beautiful mehendi designs done on their hands before the wedding. The sacred ritual of tying the mangalsutra takes a centre stage in an Indian Christian Wedding. In Indian Weddings, we come across a beautiful amalgamation of Indo western traditions. It is exciting to find a happy blend of two different cultures in Christian weddings of India.
Princess Esra Birgin and her tryst with HyderabadDayamani Surya
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William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon on 23rd April 1564. He was baptized on 26th April 1564. He died on the same date i.e, 23rd April in 1616. He was married to Anne Hathaway on 28th November 1582 with her he had three children , Susanna and two twins: Hamnet and Judith.
Future continuous tense is composed of helping verb "will be" + future participle.
It is used to denote action which will be taking place at some time in the future.
A couplet is mostly used by an author to provide entertainment and make the content of the speech more interesting. I believe it is inserted by Shakespeare to provide clarity to the audience as well as to provide a brief relief from some of the difficult terminology and symbolism that he uses in his plays.
Blank verse is poetry written in regular metrical but unrhymed lines, mostly in iambic pentameters.Shakespeare's standard poetic form was blank verse, composed in iambic pentameter.
A sudden feeling of knowledge that brings to light what was so far hidden and changes one’s life is called epiphany. It is a term used by James Joyce in his works : Portrait of the artist as a youngman, Dubliners.
The FUTURE PERFECT TENSE indicates that an action will have been finished at some point in the future. This tense is formed with "will" + "have" + the past participle of the verb which can be either regular or irregular in form i.e, I will have spent all my money by this time next year.
According to William Wordsworth poetry is the powerful overflow of spontaneous feelings. Wordsworth describes his main intention to write Lyrical Ballads is to choose incidents from real life and add a colour of imagination so that ordinary things may be represented in an unusual fashion.
The Rape of the Lock was written by Pope to chide gently the Fermor family when Lord Petre cut off a lock of Arabella Fermor’s hair on a certain fateful day and such dire consequences followed. Pope started something that culminated into a piece of literature that has remained to this day a leading example of the mock epic satire.
The future tense describes a future event or a state of being. There are several events when we talk about the future:
-Predictions/statements of fact
-Intentions
- Arrangements
- Scheduled events
Past Perfect Continuous Tense used to describe actions that were in progress at a certain period of time in the past. It also gives you an idea about the duration of time.
The story of princess with sad eyes sorayaDayamani Surya
Princess Soraya Esfandiary Bhaktiari was married to Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi at Marble Palace, Tehran on 12 February 1951. Soon after marriage, she headed the charity organization in Iran. Her family was associated with the Iranian Government for a long time. She died on 26th October 2001 due to undisclosed reasons.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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12. Music to hear, why hear’st
thou music sadly?
Sweets with sweets war
not, joy delights in joy.
Why lov’st thou that
which thou receiv’st not
gladly,
Or else receiv’st with
pleasure thine annoy?
If the true concord of
well-tuned sounds,
By unions married, do
offend thine ear,
They do but sweetly chide
thee, who confounds
In singleness the parts
that thou shouldst bear.
Mark how one string,
sweet husband to another,
Strikes each in each by
mutual ordering;
Resembling sire and child
and happy mother,
Who, all in one, one
pleasing note do sing:
Whose speechless song,
being many, seeming one,
Sings this to thee: “Thou
single wilt prove none.”
4
8
12
13. Sonnet 8 by William Shakespeare empathizes with the subject, who is against the idea of
marriage. The young man, the subject of the sonnet, is chided for choosing to be single.
The poet uses comparisons with music and marriage, likening the "true concord of well-
tuned sounds" to a marriage. It is appropriate that Sonnet 8, a sonnet of musical descant, is
placed as the 8th sonnet, since an "eight" is a "true concord."[Shakespeare does this to
emphasize the beauty and importance of having a family. The sonnet emphasizes the
notion that the subject will not reach true harmony if he does not settle down with a wife
and children. His life will be in discord if he chooses to continue being single. It is among
the string of procreation sonnets written by Shakespeare. The procreation sonnets are
sonnets 1-17. All share the theme of urging a young man to marry and have children,
insisting they are key to a harmonious life.
In line 6, "Unions" can have two different meanings: that which is blatant to marriage and
the other referring to harmonies. The Oxford English Dictionary does not give this as a
definition, but the closeness of union to unison keeps the musical connotation present in
the reader’s mind. Then in line 8, "the parts that thou shouldst bear" still keeps the idea
that music and family are one by saying a part that is played in the family, or with a musical
instrument in an orchestra. "resembling sire and child and happy mother" in line 11 alludes
to the Holy Family, Mary, Jesus, and Joseph as they were depicted as a happy family in
multiple church paintings during the time this sonnet was written. The poet warns the
subject against staying single in the last line, "‘Thou single wilt prove none.’" As a single
person, a man will accomplish nothing.
19. Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer's lease hath all too short a date:
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimmed,
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,
Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,
So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
20. This question is flattering in itself as a
summer’s day is often associated with
beauty.
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
21. Thou art more lovely and more temperate
Shakespeare, however, explains that his
love’s beauty exceeds that of the summer
and does not have its tendency towards
unpleasant extremes:
22. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer's lease hath all too short a date
It should be noted that at the time the sonnet was written,
England had not yet adopted the Gregorian calendar and
May was considered a summer month. In the above quote,
Shakespeare describes the fragility and short duration of
summer’s beauty. The use of the word ‘lease’ reminds us of
the fact that everything beautiful remains so for a limited
time only and after a while its beauty will be forcibly taken
away.
23. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimmed,
Shakespeare states that the sun, which he
personifies and refers to as ‘the eye of heaven’,
can be too hot or blocked from view by the
clouds unlike his ‘more temperate’ love.
24. And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:
The repetition of the word ‘fair’ highlights
the fact that this fate is inescapable for
everything that possesses beauty.
25. But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st,
Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his
shade
When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st”
Suddenly (though it was foreshadowed a bit in line
8), the tone and direction of the poem changes
dramatically. Moving on from bashing summer and
the limitations inherent in nature, the speaker
pronounces that the beloved he’s speaking to isn’t
subject to all of these rules he’s laid out.
26. So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
(As long as there are humans alive on this
planet Your life and beauty will live on through
this sonnet)
Shakespeare’s self-assured claim makes it
possible to argue that the purpose of the poem
was not actually to pay a beloved person a
compliment but rather to praise oneself for
poetic skill.
31. Anaphora:
“So long as men can breathe, or
eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives
life to thee.”
32. Iambic pentameter
the most common metrical pattern in poetry
written in English, alternates weak unstressed
and strong stressed syllables to make a ten-
syllable line (weak strong/weak strong/weak
strong/weak strong/weak strong).
41. This poem is about a man who is at the end of his life. The narrator illustrates his old age in the first stanza: “When
yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang/Upon those boughs which shake against the cold” (lines 2-3). He describes
the end of fall and the beginning of winter in these lines. This “time of the year” (line 2) is when living things begin to
die during the winter. Like the trees that slowly lose their leaves, the narrator is on his last leg of life.
The trees that have few or no leaves left on them are similar to the image in the fourth line: “Bare ruined choirs,
where late the sweet birds sang.” Both the bare, ruined choirs and the trees are places where there once was life.
This stanza is important to setting the sonnet with concrete, natural images, which allow the reader to understand
that the narrator is aware that he will soon expire.
The first stanza makes an analogy between the narrator’s old age and the time of year just before winter. The second
stanza similarly describes his old age through natural images; the second stanza, however, compares his condition to
a time of day: “In me thou seest the twilight of such day/As after sunset fadeth in the west,/Which by and by black
night doth take away,/Death’s second self, that seals up all in rest” (lines 5-8). The narrator is perceived as a tiny bit of
light left in the sky before the darkness erases him. In the first and second stanzas, his death is described as eventual.
Yet, in the first stanza, his death could have taken days (or weeks) to come; his death in the second stanza seems
more urgent. He describes that he is going to be taken by the night (death), but within an hour or longer.
The third stanza, however, does not promote a temporary, metaphorical death. It describes a dying flame is
extinguished by that which was its youth. This death seems much more literal, urgent and direct. It could be analyzed
to show that the narrator’s coming death is a result of the way he lived as a youth, yet I am not sure about this idea.
What is important to know about this stanza is that it makes his death not only seem more urgent, but more realistic.
The couplet at the end of the sonnet is a direct statement to the youthful man (identified by “his” in the third stanza)
that he is speaking to. These final lines state that because the narrator death is inevitable, others will love him more.
This sonnet ends much stronger than it begins. Because of the structure of the sonnet, the narrator seems farther
away the more one reads it. His death may be metaphorical, but the urgency of the sonnet doesn’t give the reader a
chance to find out.
42.
43.
44.
45. Analysis:
The sonnet's structure and its content back up each other. Examples:
- The three quatrains form one unit: They deal with what real love is not (cf. first and
third quatrain) and what it is (cf. second quatrain).
- A turning-point after the first quatrain is indicated by the exclamation "Oh no!" (I 5). It
introduces the speaker's explanation of what real love ~ like after he has described what
it is not.
- The couplet is separated from the rest of the sonnet with a full stop in l.12. It contains
the essence of the sonnet, the conclusion: If the speaker's comprehension of love is
wrong, he has never written anything and no one has ever loved anyone. As this it not
possible, it follows that his comprehension of love must be right.
• Shakespeare employs imagery to clarify his message.