The Blue Planet mission coordinates various marine initiatives within GEO to raise awareness of the oceans' role in the Earth system and their impacts on humanity. It advocates for a global ocean observing network to provide societal benefits like improved safety, sustainably managed coasts, and climate adaptation. Blue Planet builds on existing programs and aims to identify synergies, link data to applications, and connect to relevant policies. It focuses on sustained ocean observations, developing capacity and awareness, ocean forecasting services, coastal zone services, ocean climate and carbon observations.
Marine Knowledge Meeting, 11-12 Oct 2012, Brussels: JPI Healthy and Productiv...saragara3
Rudy Herman, Flemish Government of Belgium and Angell-Hansen Katherine, JPI Oceans - The Research Council of Norway, gave the presentation: JPI Healthy and Productive Seas and Oceans - A New Frontier at the Marine Knowledge All Projects meeting held on the 11-12 October 2012 in Brussels.
Marine Knowledge Meeting, 11-12 Oct 2012, Brussels: JPI Healthy and Productiv...saragara3
Rudy Herman, Flemish Government of Belgium and Angell-Hansen Katherine, JPI Oceans - The Research Council of Norway, gave the presentation: JPI Healthy and Productive Seas and Oceans - A New Frontier at the Marine Knowledge All Projects meeting held on the 11-12 October 2012 in Brussels.
C3.05: Toward national multi-disciplinary coastal forecasts in Australia - Em...Blue Planet Symposium
Many of the issues surrounding management of the coastal zone relate to water quality. If numerical models are to assist in management strategies revolving around compliance and response, it is essential that the models are capable of hindcasting, nowcasting and forecasting sediment transport and biogeochemical processes. CSIRO Oceans and Atmospheres have taken the first steps in developing such systems through the eReefs initiative, where models spanning physics, sediment transport and biogeochemistry have been constructed for the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) at 4km and 1km scales, capable of forecasts out to 4 days. These models explicitly account for freshwater, sediment and nutrient inputs from catchments and subsequently predict the response of the GBR lagoon. An essential component of these models is the ingestion of observations to optimally constrain the models. This has been achieved through data assimilation techniques, where the focus is on using observations to inform optimum parameter configurations rather than covering up deficiencies in the underlying model by altering the model state alone. The inclusion of an optical model within the biogeochemical library allows cutting edge assimilation to be performed, where joint parameter and state estimation can be achieved by assimilating the raw optical observations from satellites rather than modeled products such as chlorophyll. In this presentation we demonstrate the performance of the multi-disciplinary eReefs models, and project on how such a system could be applied nationally to allow managers a current view of water quality around the Australian coastline.
Greetings all,
This month’s newsletter is devoted to Data Assimilation and its techniques and progress for operational oceanography.
Gary Brassington is first introducing this newsletter with a paper telling us about the international summer school for “observing,
assimilating and forecasting the ocean” which will be held in Perth, Western Australia in 11-22 January 2010
(http://www.bom.gov.au/bluelink/summerschool/). The course curriculum will include topics covering the leading edge science in
ocean observing systems, as well as the latest methods and techniques for analysis, data assimilation and ocean modeling.
Scientific articles about Data Assimilation are then displayed as follows: The first article by Broquet et al. is dealing with Ocean
state and surface forcing correction using the ROMS-IS4DVAR Data Assimilation System. Then, Cosme et al. are describing the
SEEK smoother as a Data Assimilation scheme for oceanic reanalyses. The next article by Brankart et al. is displaying a synthetic
literature review on the following subject: Is there a simple way of controlling the forcing function of the Ocean? Then Ferry et al.
are telling us about Ocean-Atmosphere flux correction by Ocean Data Assimilation. The last article by Oke et al. is dealing with
Data Assimilation in the Australian BlueLink System.
The next October 2009 newsletter will review the current work on ocean biology and biogeochemistry.
We wish you a pleasant reading!
Socio-ecological valuation of ecosystem services along the West Antarctic Pen...Jeff Bowman
The Palmer Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project is located along the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), one of the most rapidly warming regions on the planet. Despite its remoteness the WAP supports a variety of social and economic activities, most notably in the fishing and tourism industries and in international scientific research. Because of the growing pressures imposed by these activities, the rapid rate of environmental change, relatively pristine nature of the environment, its trophic complexity, and rich scientific record, the WAP is an ideal place to explore the impact of climate change on marine and terrestrial ecosystems and the services and benefits they provide. Here we present a schema to conduct an initial assessment of WAP marine and terrestrial ecosystem services that will serve as a critical baseline for future studies, and that is broadly applicable to other LTER sites. We will combine social valuation and qualitative, expert-based modelling to identify relevant ecosystem services and to conduct an initial assessment and valuation of ecosystem service supply for the WAP region. The Palmer LTER team of investigators includes experts in topics ranging from physical oceanographic processes, to microbiology, to marine avian and mammal ecology. Through interviews and an online survey we will evaluate the views and perceptions of Antarctic ecosystem services and their changes among this group of experts. Our focus will be on biophysical ecosystem services, but we will include cultural ecosystem services and the impacts of changes on ecosystem functioning and ecosystem service supply in the expert elicitations. This qualitative, socio-ecological valuation will guide an expanded future assessment of WAP ecosystem services that include economic and socio-cultural realms of ecosystem service as perceived and valued by an expanded pool of experts and stakeholders.
C3.05: Toward national multi-disciplinary coastal forecasts in Australia - Em...Blue Planet Symposium
Many of the issues surrounding management of the coastal zone relate to water quality. If numerical models are to assist in management strategies revolving around compliance and response, it is essential that the models are capable of hindcasting, nowcasting and forecasting sediment transport and biogeochemical processes. CSIRO Oceans and Atmospheres have taken the first steps in developing such systems through the eReefs initiative, where models spanning physics, sediment transport and biogeochemistry have been constructed for the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) at 4km and 1km scales, capable of forecasts out to 4 days. These models explicitly account for freshwater, sediment and nutrient inputs from catchments and subsequently predict the response of the GBR lagoon. An essential component of these models is the ingestion of observations to optimally constrain the models. This has been achieved through data assimilation techniques, where the focus is on using observations to inform optimum parameter configurations rather than covering up deficiencies in the underlying model by altering the model state alone. The inclusion of an optical model within the biogeochemical library allows cutting edge assimilation to be performed, where joint parameter and state estimation can be achieved by assimilating the raw optical observations from satellites rather than modeled products such as chlorophyll. In this presentation we demonstrate the performance of the multi-disciplinary eReefs models, and project on how such a system could be applied nationally to allow managers a current view of water quality around the Australian coastline.
Greetings all,
This month’s newsletter is devoted to Data Assimilation and its techniques and progress for operational oceanography.
Gary Brassington is first introducing this newsletter with a paper telling us about the international summer school for “observing,
assimilating and forecasting the ocean” which will be held in Perth, Western Australia in 11-22 January 2010
(http://www.bom.gov.au/bluelink/summerschool/). The course curriculum will include topics covering the leading edge science in
ocean observing systems, as well as the latest methods and techniques for analysis, data assimilation and ocean modeling.
Scientific articles about Data Assimilation are then displayed as follows: The first article by Broquet et al. is dealing with Ocean
state and surface forcing correction using the ROMS-IS4DVAR Data Assimilation System. Then, Cosme et al. are describing the
SEEK smoother as a Data Assimilation scheme for oceanic reanalyses. The next article by Brankart et al. is displaying a synthetic
literature review on the following subject: Is there a simple way of controlling the forcing function of the Ocean? Then Ferry et al.
are telling us about Ocean-Atmosphere flux correction by Ocean Data Assimilation. The last article by Oke et al. is dealing with
Data Assimilation in the Australian BlueLink System.
The next October 2009 newsletter will review the current work on ocean biology and biogeochemistry.
We wish you a pleasant reading!
Socio-ecological valuation of ecosystem services along the West Antarctic Pen...Jeff Bowman
The Palmer Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project is located along the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), one of the most rapidly warming regions on the planet. Despite its remoteness the WAP supports a variety of social and economic activities, most notably in the fishing and tourism industries and in international scientific research. Because of the growing pressures imposed by these activities, the rapid rate of environmental change, relatively pristine nature of the environment, its trophic complexity, and rich scientific record, the WAP is an ideal place to explore the impact of climate change on marine and terrestrial ecosystems and the services and benefits they provide. Here we present a schema to conduct an initial assessment of WAP marine and terrestrial ecosystem services that will serve as a critical baseline for future studies, and that is broadly applicable to other LTER sites. We will combine social valuation and qualitative, expert-based modelling to identify relevant ecosystem services and to conduct an initial assessment and valuation of ecosystem service supply for the WAP region. The Palmer LTER team of investigators includes experts in topics ranging from physical oceanographic processes, to microbiology, to marine avian and mammal ecology. Through interviews and an online survey we will evaluate the views and perceptions of Antarctic ecosystem services and their changes among this group of experts. Our focus will be on biophysical ecosystem services, but we will include cultural ecosystem services and the impacts of changes on ecosystem functioning and ecosystem service supply in the expert elicitations. This qualitative, socio-ecological valuation will guide an expanded future assessment of WAP ecosystem services that include economic and socio-cultural realms of ecosystem service as perceived and valued by an expanded pool of experts and stakeholders.
C5.07: Blue Carbon: Current status of Australian estimates and future model p...Blue Planet Symposium
Blue carbon is becoming widely recognised as a critical component of all national carbon accounting schemes. Australia has invested heavily in collating existing estimates of blue carbon stocks and is currently targeting important yet poorly represented habitats around its extensive coastline. Much of this effort is linked with the CSIRO-funded Coastal Carbon Cluster. This 3-year program has developed and validated many approaches to blue carbon estimation and is now able to showcase best-practice methods. The activities of the Cluster have been used as a model for international efforts to develop global estimates, as well as national blue carbon inventories via the International Blue Carbon Scientific Working Group. Finally, static estimates of carbon can only describe the current carbon stock at a specific location; models can extrapolate these relationships into unsampled regions, as well as estimate carbon stock into the future given changes to climate as well as alterations to the geochemistry/hydrodynamics of a specific habitat.
C1.01: GOOS: an essential collaborative system enabling societal benefit - Jo...Blue Planet Symposium
A sustained ocean observing system forms a basis, along with capacity development, enabling societal benefit from ocean information. The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) is driven by societal requirements, including:
- adapting to and mitigating climate variability and change
- preparing for ocean-related hazards and supporting development of the ocean economy, and
- monitoring and promoting stewardship of ocean health.
GOOS is a key contributor to the GEO Blue Planet task. We are a collaborative programme, connecting a community and organizations working on many aspects of a Framework for Ocean Observations: identifying requirements focused on Essential Ocean Variables, coordinating observing networks and monitoring progress towards targets, and connecting to data and information generation activities that create scientific and societal value.
At the global level, these processes are led by three GOOS Panels focused on physics, biogeochemistry, and biology. The panels evaluate the readiness of the observing system, promoting strategic investment by identifying what is essential, and encouraging the development of new capabilities. They work closely with the ocean observing community. A Strategic Mapping is helping to identify how elements integrate into the system. GOOS development projects are evaluating and where necessary will improve and change parts of the sustained ocean observing system.
The combined satellite and in situ observing networks contributing to GOOS have strengthened in recent years.
At the regional level, GOOS Regional Alliances individually focus on local priorities and requirements. Collectively, they work to develop institutional and human capacity to make and benefit from sustained ocean observations.
GOOS both supports and relies on many partners, including other contributors to the GEO Blue Planet, in seeking to sustain present observations, while integrating new essential ocean observations into a sustained observing system.
C4.04: Design of a GEO Coastal Ocean Pilot Project for the Caribbean Region -...Blue Planet Symposium
The Group on Earth Observations (GEO) Oceans and Society Coastal Ocean Pilot Project for the Caribbean Region is a response to the need for a Pilot Project to demonstrate the added value of an end-to-end System of Systems for Ecosystem-Based Approaches for monitoring and managing the coastal zone (GEO 2012 – 2015 Work Plan, SB-01-C4-02 [1]).
The Pilot Project design will be based on principles established by the Group on Earth Observations “Oceans and Society: Blue Planet [2]” task and developed in collaboration with the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) Regional Alliance (GRA) for the Caribbean, IOCARIBE-GOOS [3]. It will incorporate concepts and recommendations from GOOS Pub. 193, Requirements for Global Implementation of the Strategic Plan for Coastal GOOS [4], and will be tailored to provide meaningful and sustainable value for Caribbean Region marine ecosystems and the populations they impact. The Design document will be developed in increasingly detailed stages, with distribution, review, and comment at each stage, leading to a final Design Plan, at which time we will seek approval to move ahead with GEO support for implementation planning and financing.
C4.02: Development of an Integrated Global Water Quality Monitoring and Forec...Blue Planet Symposium
Surface waters are generally viewed as a hydrologic continuum, flowing from inland water sources through estuaries to the open oceans. The GEO Working Group on Earth Observations of Inland and Near-Coastal Waters (WA-01-C4) has organised the Water Quality Summit in Geneva 20-22nd April 2015 with the aim of charting the future of earth observation and in situ measurements based global water quality monitoring and forecasting systems. The relationship to GEO Blue Planet lies in the coastal zone.
There is a crucial need for timely, accurate, and widespread assessment and monitoring and forecasting of inland and near-coastal water quality. However, existing measurement and forecasting capabilities have significant logistical, technical, and economic challenges and constraints, impacting both developed and developing nations. This summit was endorsed by GEO as a part of the water quality task (WA-01-C4) and the GEOSS Water Strategy with the mission to deliver, on a routine and sustained basis, timely, consistent, accurate and fit-for -purpose water quality data products and information to support water resource management and decision making in coastal and inland waters. The Summit goal is to define specific requirements of the water quality system components and develop a plan to implement integrated global end-to-end water quality monitoring and forecasting service. We present the results of this meeting: Development of a strategic implementation and a phased action plan including baseline and threshold service build-outs, with both a short-term and a long-term plan for a global-scale water quality monitoring and forecasting service. Some feedback will be given on the CEOS–GEOSS Water Strategy Implementation plan as well as other international related activities.
Doug Wilson - GOOS Regional Alliance for the IOCARIBE RegionIwl Pcu
The mandate to establish a Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) was formally articulated and ratified in 1992 at the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro. Specifically, Agenda 21 calls for the establishment of a global ocean observing system that will enable effective management of the marine environment and sustainable utilization of its natural resources.
A five-year National Science Foundation-funded Research Coordination Network (RCN), the “OceanObs” RCN, is currently in its third year. The RCN, through a series of working groups continues to focus on key issues in ocean observations. Two outcomes are highlighted in this presentation. Recommendations for improvements in the joint use of in situ and remote sensing were developed by one of the RCN’s working groups; an exemplar use case considered observation of coastal waters. An RCN supported working group examined the maturity of sensors for ocean biology observations. This presentation reviews the outcomes of these working groups.
The GEOSS is a social and software ecosystem connecting a large array of observing systems, data systems and processing services to strengthen monitoring of the state of the Earth. It facilitates data and information accessibility and interoperability to support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) agenda and the Disaster Risk Reduction.
https://www.geoportal.org/about
The United States Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS®) is a user-driven, coordinated network of people, organizations, and technology that generate and disseminate continuous data about our coastal waters, Great Lakes, and oceans supported by strong research and development activities. IOOS enables decision making every day and fosters advances in science and technology. US IOOS is the United States’ contribution to the Global Ocean Observing System which is part of the ocean contribution to the Global Earth Observation Systems of Systems (GEOSS).
WMO UPDATE Secretary general Prof. Petteri TaalasGabriel Labrador
The Secretary General of the World Meteorological Organization Prof. Petteri Taalas presents the main challenges in the framework of the 17th Meeting of the Regional Association III RAIII-17 WMO/UN WMO Reform and Status of climate &disasters
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF THE RIO DE LA PLATA AND ITS MARITIME FRONT.pptIwl Pcu
The task of both commissions is to adopt and coordinate plans and measures aimed at protecting the aquatic environments and their fauna, promoting research.
Similar to C0.3: Blue Planet Overview - Sophie Seeyave (20)
C5.04: GO-SHIP: A component of the sustained ocean observing system - Bernade...Blue Planet Symposium
The Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP) brings together scientists with interests in physical oceanography, the carbon cycle, marine biogeochemistry and ecosystems, and other users and collectors of ocean interior data, and coordinates a network of globally sustained hydrographic sections as part of the global ocean/climate observing system including physical oceanography, the carbon cycle, marine biogeochemistry and ecosystems.
GO-SHIP provides approximately decadal resolution of the changes in inventories of heat, freshwater, carbon, oxygen, nutrients and transient tracers, covering the ocean basins from coast to coast and full depth (top to bottom), with global measurements of the highest required accuracy to detect these changes. The GO-SHIP principal scientific objectives are: (1) understanding and documenting the large-scale ocean water property distributions, their changes, and drivers of those changes, and (2) addressing questions of how a future ocean that will increase in dissolved inorganic carbon, become more acidic and more stratified, and experience changes in circulation and ventilation processes due to global warming and altered water cycle.
C7.03: Second International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE-2) - emerging scien...Blue Planet Symposium
The International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE) of 1959-65 left an important oceanographic legacy. Five decades on, both IOC and SCOR, together with IOGOOS, SIBER and others, are stimulating a modern phase of co-ordinated international research and applications for the Indian Ocean, namely, IIOE-2: 2016-2020. The planned research, guided by science priorities developed through a SCOR science plan development committee, is ambitious and broad and focusses on six themes. These are human impacts on the Indian Ocean; boundary current dynamics and upwelling; monsoon variability and ecosystem response; circulation, climate variability and change; extreme events and associated ecosystem responses and impacts; and discovery of unique physical, geological, biogeochemical and ecological features of the Indian Ocean. The IIOE-2 will forge new international scientific research programs with far-reaching benefits for, and beyond, the Indian Ocean. It will provide a rich framework of data, process understanding and input to oceanographic, climate, bio-geochemical and ecosystem modelling through open ocean science but will have strong links to continental shelf and coastal systems and coupled climatic phenomena affecting society. The transfer of knowledge, capacity building and tangible outputs for societal application and benefit are key pursuits. Since 2011, in support of the IIOE-2, there have been several internationally supported reference group meetings and national planning efforts. The IOC Assembly of 147 Member States is formally considering science and complementary plans for IIOE-2, as well as governance and timeframes for implementation through an IOC-constituted IIOE-2 Interim Planning Committee (Group of Experts). This presentation will report on the status of planning for IIOE-2, including the evolving frameworks for significant matters such as the science, data/information management, capacity building, and also the developing governance framework.
C7.01: Current activities of the International Ocean Colour Coordinating Grou...Blue Planet Symposium
The International Ocean Colour Coordinating Group (IOCCG) was established in 1996 with the aim of developing consensus and synthesis on a global scale in the subject area of satellite ocean colour radiometry (OCR). It operates as an Affiliated Program of the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) and comprises a rotating committee of representatives from each of the major international space agencies that provide ocean colour data, as well as representatives from the scientific community that use ocean colour data for research and applications. Space agencies contribute financially to the IOCCG and carry out the decisions endorsed by the group, while the scientific members address current research issues and make recommendations. Currently, IOCCG works towards ensuring Continuity and Consistency of the Ocean Colour Data Stream in the framework of the CEOS Ocean Colour virtual constellation. Within the OCR-VC framework, the International Network for Sensor Inter-comparison and Uncertainty Assessment for Ocean Color Radiometry (INSITU-OCR) initiative aims at integrating and rationalizing inter-agency efforts on satellite sensor inter-comparisons and uncertainty assessment for remote sensing products, with particular emphasis on requirements addressing the generation of ocean colour Essential Climate Variables (ECV) as proposed by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS). Since 2013, IOCCG organises a bi-annual International Ocean Colour Science Meeting, where the global OCR community can gather and exchange with peers and space agency representatives. In parallel to these new initiatives, the IOCCG has a continuing capacity building and training activity, and continues to increase its record of monographs, based on the work of its working groups (currently 5 WG are active).
Estuaries, long recognized for their local importance, form collectively an important global ecosystem, sensitive to both climate change and local pressures. This has been recognized by a 2013 U.S. workshop, which issued a set of recommendations directed at building worldwide capacity and collaborations to address estuaries as a global ecosystem. The workshop recognized that modern observation and modeling technology is poised to play a key role in advancing the scientific understanding of estuaries, and identified the need to map the resulting understanding of individual estuaries into a common global framework. An international partnership has since emerged, driven by the increasingly recognized need to advance estuarine observation, modeling, science and science translation worldwide. Anchoring the partnership is a belief that there are important commonalities across estuaries that, if explored, will prove synergistic and transformation towards understanding and sustainable management of all estuaries. On behalf of this emerging international partnership, we describe here steps that are being taken to develop Our Global Estuary. Integral to these efforts are: (a) the organization of regular international workshops, to build a common vision and global capacity and collaborative networks—the first of these workshops planned for Chennai, India; (b) the creation of a pilot project, Our Virtual Global Estuary, where a common modeling and analysis framework, supported by and supporting local observations, will be progressively put in place for estuaries across the world—with an initial set identified in Brazil, China, Portugal, Spain, and United States, and additional estuaries under consideration; and (b) exploration of synergies with global organizations (such as the Partnership for Ocean Global Observations) and global-scale programs and initiatives (such as Blue Planet), to further contextualize the role of estuaries in the earth’s sustainability.
C5.08A: A multi-decadal, coastal sea surface temperature product for Australa...Blue Planet Symposium
There is an increasing requirement within the Australasian region for accurate sea surface temperatures within a few kilometres of coasts, for high-resolution weather and ocean prediction, environmental monitoring, fisheries and biological research. Although there are a multitude of gridded sea surface temperature (SST) products available, derived from interpolating remotely sensed observations, few can resolve surface features of spatial scales less than 20 km, making them unsuitable for many coastal applications. Multi-decadal, gridded SST products of approximately 4 km resolution that do not involve data interpolation, and therefore resolve ocean features up to 4 km from coasts (eg. NOAA Pathfinder), do not provide uncertainty estimates for each SST value.
As part of the Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), the Bureau of Meteorology in collaboration with CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship produces a range of 2 km resolution, gridded SST products, derived using direct broadcast, infra-red data from NOAA polar-orbiting satellites (http://imos.org.au/sstproducts.html). All products follow the latest Group for High Resolution SST (GHRSST: www.ghrsst.org) file formats, including error estimates for each SST value, and are available in real-time and delayed mode back to 1992. They form a unique 22 year data set that supplies quality-assured SST values to within 2 km of coasts. The products cover Australia, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, New Zealand and much of the south-west Pacific and Antarctica.
The presentation will describe the new IMOS-GHRSST data sets, including current applications, and present results of validation against in-situ observations. Plans for including data from new satellites (e.g. METOP-B, GCOM-W1, Himawari-8) will be discussed.
C5.02: The Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network: data for decisions -...Blue Planet Symposium
Ocean acidification describes the changes in seawater chemistry that result from the uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide by the ocean. The changes this century are predicted to have profound impacts on marine ecosystems with potential flow-on effects to economic and environmental services the ecosystems provide, including fisheries and aquaculture, coastal protection, and tourism. The Global Ocean Acidification - Observing Network (GOA-ON) has been developed in response to the widespread concern of the impacts of ocean acidification. The network is an internationally coordinated effort, combining ‘bottom up’ collaboration by the research community with ‘top down’ encouragement and support from a range of international bodies and organisations, including the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO-IOC), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). The aim is to provide chemical and biological data from local to global scales that can be used to improve understanding of ocean acidification conditions and ecosystem responses, and to provide uniformly collected and quality-controlled data to assist policy making through research products and model-based projections of ecosystem responses. Capability development is a key aspect of the network. The status and future plans of the GOA-ON initiative will be described – providing the opportunity for additional involvement in its implementation.
C5.01: Ocean acidification and seawater carbon chemistry of the Great Barrier...Blue Planet Symposium
Ocean acidification is considered a major threat to the health and sustainability of tropical reef ecosystems. Observations of carbonate chemistry have been made over a range of scales from reefs to ocean hydrographic sections in the Southwest Pacific and Great Barrier Reef (GBR) in order to establish baseline conditions for tracking ocean acidification change. A major component of the research has been monthly sampling of shelf waters along the entire length of the GBR using a ship of opportunity, RTM Wakmatha. The observations provide measures of the vital signs of the reef health and growing conditions. The results show that seawater carbonate chemistry is strongly influenced by the flow of Coral Sea waters onto the GBR shelf, with localised modification of the water chemistry by calcification/dissolution and production/respiration in the many reefs and coastal regions of the GBR. The shelf-offshore changes are similar in size to ocean acidification changes predicted over the next few decades due to ocean CO2 uptake. The changes in carbonate chemistry indicate that many reefs of the GBR may already be exposed to marginal growing conditions with respect to seawater carbonate chemistry. However, the results are also consistent with a net calcification signal for the GBR, with no evidence of large-scale net dissolution that may occur under ocean acidification. The research is a basis for developing an integrated modelling and sustained observational approach for 1) determining how the GBR is responding to ocean acidification and other stresses (e.g. tipping from conditions of net growth to net loss of reef), 2) diagnosing the complex feedback mechanisms on the GBR that alter water chemistry and influence the resilience of reefs to ocean acidification, and 3) delivering tools and evidence for informed decision making on responses to ocean acidification.
C5.05: Fit for Purpose Marine Observations - Boris Kelly-GerreynBlue Planet Symposium
As with most providers of ocean observations, the Bureau delivers data to a vast array of end users. For the Bureau, these data contribute both to national concerns (security, safety, well-being and economic prosperity) and to international programs. For example, sea level monitoring is provided to support South Pacific island nations as part of an international aid program and as a contribution to the Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS).
One of the major challenges that the ocean observing community faces is the ability to provide data which is measurably fit for purpose. Building on recent innovative work at the UK Meteorological Office, and in partnership with other international organisations, the Bureau has started to address this challenge by developing efficient modelling tools to assist with observing network design. The focus of this work is on quantifying the impact of observation systems when they are assimilated in numerical weather prediction systems. This activity is part of a pioneering effort to improve how we bring observations to users and in doing so provide step-change benefits to the international ocean observing community.
This presentation will cover these observing and modelling activities and their potential impact on the Australian and international community
C5.03: Ocean observations by the Global Change Observation Mission (GCOM) - K...Blue Planet Symposium
As a contribution to the climate variability monitoring, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) initiated the Global Change Observation Mission (GCOM). GCOM is a concept comprised of two polar-orbiting satellite series, spread over three generations to achieve long-term and consistent data records. The two satellite series are GCOM-W (Water) and GCOM-C (Climate). JAXA is implementing the first generation of the series. The GCOM-W satellite was launched on May 18, 2012 (Japan Standard Time) and started the continuous observation by the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-2 (AMSR2) from the A-Train orbit. The instrument has been showing stable performance and accumulating its data records. AMSR2 is capable of observing various oceanic and atmospheric geophysical parameters, including sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface wind speed, water vapor, cloud liquid water, precipitation, and sea ice. Particularly, nearly all-weather SST measurement by utilizing the characteristics of microwave observation is playing an important role in capturing dynamic changes of ocean phenomena, together with the time-proven infrared observations. The GCOM-C satellite is now under development and scheduled for launch in Japanese fiscal year 2016 to provide the continuous observations related to carbon cycle and radiation budget. The satellite will be equipped with the Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI) with some unique features including enhanced spatial resolution (250 m) for most of the visible channels, ultraviolet channels (380 nm), and polarization/multidirectional measurement capabilities. These features will provide the better understanding of the coastal phenomena through the detailed and accurate observations of coastal ocean colors and SST.
C5.06: Argo: Recent Insights and Future Evolution - Susan WijffelsBlue Planet Symposium
Since reaching global coverage in 2006, the Argo array of profiling floats has been delivering high-quality temperature and salinity profiles from depths of around 2000m to the surface every 10 days (www.argo.net). When synthesized, these data show that the Earth’s warming has continued unabated at 0.4-0.6 Wm-2 despite a ‘hiatus’ in surface air temperature rise. Argo’s depth reach reveals that short-term vertical displacement of heat accounts for this surface ‘hiatus’, characterized by compensating subsurface warming above ~700m. Below 700m a steady warming is detected down to 2000m. Over the period for which Argo coverage is global (2006 to present), most of the extra heat is accumulating in the Southern Hemisphere extratropical ocean. Argo drift phase data are also revealing striking structures in the mid-depth circulation field. We will describe the current status of Argo and its challenges. We will also outline progress towards evolving the design of the Argo array and piloting extensions to cover existing gaps (marginal seas, deep and ice-covered oceans) and new parameters such as bio-chemical and optical measurements.
Declining water quality on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) has been linked to a long-term decline of coral cover within the GBR World Heritage area. GBR reefs are naturally exposed to river runoff carrying nutrient and suspended sediment loads, but historical and current land-use practices have enhanced the delivery of terrestrially derived material in to the marine environment. Regional water quality improvement plans are a mechanism to improve coastal water quality, through actions in the source catchments targeted at reducing sediment and nutrient delivery into streams, rivers and ultimately the marine receiving waters.
Hydrodynamic models currently being applied to the GBR as part of the eReefs project provide a valuable tool for identifying, quantifying and communicating the spatial impact of discharges from various rivers into the GBR lagoon. Using hindcast simulations of historic wet seasons, river-tagged passive tracers were released from major rivers discharging into the GBR to provide a quantitative identification of high or extended exposure of spatial regions to river plumes. Simulated river exposures were coupled with estimated river nutrient loads to inform a spatial risk analysis of reef exposure to terrestrially derived pollutants. This modelling provided a quantitative basis for prioritizing catchments for management attention, and has informed the refinement of regional water quality improvement plans.
C4.05: An Interannual to Decadal Local Sea Level Forecasting System - Hans-Pe...Blue Planet Symposium
Societal and environmental effects of sea level rise are among the major impacts of climate change. Rapid local sea level (LSL) changes exceeding by far those experienced over the last 6,000 years can not be excluded, not even for the next few decades. Such changes pose an unparalleled threat to humanity. In case of an onset of rapid LSL rise, "early warnings" are needed to mitigate the impact of such a low-probability, high-impact event. We are developing a demonstrator for interannual LSL forecasts, which is implemented as a semi-operational system model using as far as possible on existing model components. LSL is the output of many Earth system processes acting on global to local spatial scale, and including mass relocation and exchange between ice sheets, glaciers, land water storage, and oceans; deformation of the solid Earth and gravity-field changes caused by the mass relocation; changes in ocean heat storage and ocean currents; changes in atmospheric circulation; tectonic processes; and natural and anthropogenic local coastal subsidence. Modules of the system model include global models; regional models for steric effects; local models for vertical land motion; and physical models to convert global processes into local effects. Initially, some of the modules are weakly coupled and based on input from complex models (both internal and external), while other modules are networked locally. The modular nature of the system allows improvements of individual modules, thus enabling rapid integration of advances within modules. Assimilation of observations on global to local scales provide additional constrains. The system model ensures global consistency for key Earth system parameters, such as mass and momentum conservation. Although many scientific issues need to be addressed before reliable forecasting is achieved, it is important to start forecasting as soon as possible to further assess the forecasting capabilities.
C4.07: Using models to help shape sustainable coasts - Beth FultonBlue Planet Symposium
Australia sees itself as the coastal nation and the world is following suite, with more than three quarters to the global population projected to live within coastal zones by mid century. As the point where land and sea meet coasts represent a rich diversity of environment types, livelihoods, opportunities and conflicting objectives. Models a one means of navigating through the situation, bringing together information in a consistent framework and helping people visualise what alternative futures may contain. The diversity of modelling tools available has grown in sophistication over the last 30 years, growing to encompass consideration of ecosystem and human dimensions of the coastal zone. Drawing on examples from Australia and around the world this discussion will show that while there is plenty of scope for future development, modelling approaches have matured to a point that they provide a tailorable toolbox of approaches that can get beyond impact modelling to address the socioecological and operational challenges involved in finding pragmatic sustainable options for coastal zone development and management.
C4.06: Towards continental-scale operational ocean and coastal monitoring usi...Blue Planet Symposium
Regionally tuned algorithms that deliver remotely sensed marine water quality products from the MODIS/Aqua sensor have been developed and validated for the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Through the eReefs partnership, these algorithms are being transferred from the research domain and being deployed operationally via the national meteorological agency. Furthermore they are being adapted to work with two other ocean colour satellite instruments, SeaWiFS and VIIRS/NPP to enable extension of the monitoring time series, both historically and into the future. The production infrastructure to manage contemporary data flows from the VIIRS sensor is similarly being extended. In parallel, the validated remote sensing products are being integrated into a hydrodynamic and bio-geochemical regional ocean model through data assimilation to provide a holistic suite of monitoring products for the GBR.
This work is being undertaken with the goal of expanding the monitoring to more of Australia's marine jurisdiction. While the remote sensing algorithms themselves are parameterised for the atmospheric and optical characteristics of the GBR region, they are inherently flexible and are progressively being applied and tested in other locations where suitable in situ data are available. The data processing system for the GBR already is nested within the national data production operated by the Integrated Marine Observing System.
C4.03: International Coastal Atlas Network (ICAN) – Global Expertise in Coast...Blue Planet Symposium
The IODE International Coastal Atlas Network (ICAN) project is a community of practice of organizations with a mission to share experiences and to find common solutions to Coastal Web Atlas (CWA) development. With more than 60 member organizations around the globe, ICAN can harness expertise across a wide range of specialties that include spatial data management, web map services, networking, coastal management, ocean remote sensing, and coastal policy. A major goal of ICAN is to help build a functioning digital atlas of the worldwide coast based on the principle of shared distributed information and global-level operational interoperability. ICAN promotes and encourages an increase in coastal and marine data sharing among policy makers and resource managers through the strategic use of CWAs. Participants seek to play a leadership role in forging international collaborations of value to the participating nations and organizations, thereby optimizing regional governance in coastal zone management. Since 2013 ICAN members have collaborated and shared ideas with the GEOSS in support of the goals of the Coastal Zone Community of Practice.. To foster this and other like-minded global projects, ICAN provides training and software for CWA implementation and serves as host for informed discussion. Among its achievements are a handbook on coastal informatics and CWA development, an interoperability portal, training guides on best practices, and numerous workshops.
C3.04: Assessing the impact of observations on ocean forecasts and reanalyses...Blue Planet Symposium
Under GODAE OceanView the operational ocean modelling community has developed a suite of global ocean forecast, reanalysis and analysis systems. Each system has a critical dependence on ocean observations – routinely assimilating observations of in-situ temperature and salinity, and satellite sea-level anomaly and sea surface temperature. Under GODAE OceanView (GOV), the Observing System Evaluation Task Team (https://www.godae-oceanview.org/science/task-teams/observing-system-evaluation-tt-oseval-tt/) regularly coordinates analyses from the GOV community to demonstration the value and impact of ocean observations on different global and regional data-assimilating forecast and reanalysis systems. Highlights of the latest suite of demonstrations will be presented here. Results show that Argo data are critically important – the most critical for seasonal prediction, and as critical as satellite altimetry for eddy-resolving applications. Most systems show that TAO data are as important as Argo in the tropical Pacific, and that XBT data have an impact that is comparable to other data types in the vicinity of XBT transects. It is clear that no currently available data type is redundant. On the contrary, the components of the global ocean observing system complement each other remarkably well, providing sufficient information to monitor and forecast the global ocean.
C3.06: Early Warning of Inundation in the Marshall Islands - Nover JuriaBlue Planet Symposium
The Republic of the Marshall Islands has been experiencing coastal inundation events, primarily during spring tides, that have caused serious problems for the population and their environment. Marshall Islands is a low lying atoll in the Pacific that is on average only two metres above sea level. We have identified several factors that contribute to coastal inundation in Marshall Islands based on research done in collaboration with the Weather Forecast Offices in Guam and Honolulu, and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. We found that the combination of the swell waves coming from the northern Pacific at the time of a spring tide can cause inundations. These swell waves are formed both in the northern hemisphere extra-tropical storm belt, and by northeasterly trade winds. The highest astronomical tides in the Marshall Islands occur between December and March.
Due to concern about the impacts from recent events, inundation is one of the climate risks that the Weather Service Office in Marshall Islands is monitoring as a priority in collaboration with the National Disaster Committee. The first inundation event that caused serious problems for the people in the Marshall Islands occurred on March 3, 2014, followed by an inundation event on December 20 of the same year. These events caused erosion, flooding, damage to homes, and other problems to the environment upon which people depend. The most recent inundation event occurred on January 19, 2015. The most severe impacts occur on the main islands of Majuro and Kwajalein.
The Weather Service Office, in cooperation with the Weather Forecast Offices in Guam and Honolulu and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, is working closely to monitor waves during spring tides to provide early warning in order to reduce the risks and impacts of these wave events. Different models are used to predict the swell waves and the winds that combine together to cause inundations. Nearby offshore swell waves, with a significant wave height of at least 4 metres, are likely to cause inundation when they coincide with spring tides between December and March.
C3.03: Ocean forecasting services provided by the Bureau of Meteorology - Mik...Blue Planet Symposium
The Australian Bureau of Meteorology is a national authority providing a wide range of environmental information and forecast services for the Australian community. Traditionally, the Bureau’s mission has been to observe, understand and forecast the behaviour of the atmosphere. Over the past decade and in addition to existing wave forecasting services, the Bureau has responded to the need for new products and services, in particular information, warnings and forecasts on ocean temperature, salinity, currents, tides, storm surges and tsunami warnings.
The ocean temperature, salinity and current forecasting capability that underpins these services was developed via the “BLUElink>” project which was established with participation of CSIRO, the Bureau and the Royal Australian Navy. This partnership has delivered a state-of-the-art Ocean Model, Analysis and Prediction System (OceanMAPS), deployed and run operationally by the Bureau. OceanMAPS includes an ocean model, a data assimilation system, real-time observations and atmospheric forcing.
Tide and tidal stream predictions are provided for locations around Australia and for some locations in the South Pacific. State-of-the-art tsunami monitoring and forecasting capabilities have been developed to provide tsunami warnings for Australia and all countries bordering the Indian Ocean. A new coastal forecasting capability is being developed to more accurately forecast hazards associated with sea level anomalies such as storm surges generated by tropical cyclones and mid-latitude storms.
This information ensures a more predictable ocean environment and safer communities. It provides critical capability to Australia’s maritime industries, Navy, emergency services, specialized meteorological services providers, research community and the public. Specific examples of using Bureau’s ocean forecasts in monitoring of oil spills, search-and-rescue operations, Defence, port operations and prediction of coastal hazards (tropical cyclones, storm surges and tsunamis) will be discussed.
C3.01: The Global Ocean Forecasting Initiative GODAE OceanView - Andreas Schi...Blue Planet Symposium
The GODAE Ocean View (GOV) Science Team is the international body that coordinates global (and regional) scientific efforts in the rapidly growing area of ocean forecasting and analyses, and supports the research, development and operational implementation of physical, biogeochemical and ecosystem ocean forecasting systems (www.godae-oceanview.org). The group represents both academic and operational teams focusing on daily-to-weekly ocean forecasting capabilities, and the ways to build and improve them. The enhancements of the observing, modelling, and end-to-end service capacity are key issues for GOV, together with sustainability concerns. The objectives of the GOV Science Team are closely aligned with the World Weather Research Program, via the WMO-IOC Joint Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM), their work plans and targets.
The Science Team activities are driven by dedicated task teams that focus on critical scientific aspects in terms of understanding and improving ocean monitoring and forecasting systems, covering data assimilation, intercomparison and validation of operational systems, observing system evaluation, coastal ocean and shelf seas, coupled (ocean-atmosphere-wave-sea ice) initialisation and prediction, and marine biogeochemical and ecosystem prediction. The goals and structure of the GODAE OceanView Program will be presented along with an overview of present GODAE OceanView reanalyses and operational ocean forecasting systems. These systems include global and regional domains resolved with very high spatial resolution. Examples of the development of ocean data assimilation methods, including sensitivity studies of the ocean analysis to investigate the relative importance of in situ data and remote sensing data will be shown. The presentation concludes with examples of applications in support of safety of life and property at sea and in coastal areas, risk management for ocean- based economic/commercial/industrial activities and the control of marine pollution.
C3.07: The use of surface reflectance and simulated true colour to assess a c...Blue Planet Symposium
Aquatic biogeochemical models are vital tools in understanding and predicting human impacts on water quality. Biogeochemical models typically predict in-situ chlorophyll concentration but are assess against empirical algorithms that use remotely-sensed observations. The mismatch between the model and observed quantities is the major hindrance to model assessment and data assimilation of remotely-sensed water quality data in aquatic biogeochemical models. We have develop a spectrally-resolved optical model that produces surface reflectance as a function of depth-resolved biogeochemical model properties such as phytoplankton biomass and suspended sediment concentrations. Using a 4 km resolution coupled hydrodynamic, optical, sediment, biogeochemical model configured for the Great Barrier Reef, we compare model-derived surface reflectance with observed reflectance at the 8 MODIS ocean colour bands. The maximum mean absolute error over the model domain for the 8 bands is -0.003 sr$^{-1}$, compared to a typical surface reflectance across the optical bands of 0.02 sr$^{-1}$. The error in surface reflectance is dominated by the errors in the model predicted state (i.e. suspended sediment or chlorophyll concentrations) rather than the optical model parameterisation itself. Thus simulated surface reflectance can be used for assessment and assimilation of surface reflectance as a means to validate and improve aquatic biogeochemical models. Additionally, we combine simulated surface reflectance at 645, 555 and 470 nm in a red/green/blue (RGB) colour model to produce simulated true colour images during the passage of tropical cyclone Yasi in February 2011. Simulated true color provides a visually-informative image to simultaneous consider circulation, sediment plumes, bottom light quality, and bottom reflectance in a biogeochemical model.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Alert-driven Community-based Forest monitoring: A case of the Peruvian Amazon
C0.3: Blue Planet Overview - Sophie Seeyave
1. Oceans and Society: Blue Planet
The Marine Task within GEO
www. oceansandsociety.org
Dr. Sophie Seeyave
Executive Director, Partnership for Observation of the Global Oceans
On behalf of the Blue Planet Steering Committee
3. Blue Planet Mission
To raise public awareness of the role of the oceans in the Earth
system, of their impacts (good and bad) on humankind, and of
the societal benefits of ocean observations;
To coordinate the various marine initiatives within GEO and
develop synergies between them; and
To advocate and advance the establishment and maintenance of
a global observing network for the oceans.
4. Seeking integration in a complex and crowded scene
AtlantOS
Coastal Zone Community
of Practice
IOC/UNESCO
JCOMM
IODE
OBIS
DBCP
SOT
GLOSS
Argo
OceanSITES
IOCCP
GEOHAB
GEOWOW
GEO Integrated Water
Information Task
IV-TT
OSE-TT
COSS-TT
MEP-TTSAFARI
Capacity Building
IQOE
GACS
Antares
ChloroGIN
IOCCG
GCOS
GCZIS
CLRCoP
GHRSST
Virtual Constellations
Carbon Task Force
WGClimate
PIRATA
RAMATAO
5. Building on Existing Efforts
• Blue Planet builds on existing programmes and
coordinating mechanisms addressing ocean
observations and their societal applications.
• Blue Planet adds value by:
– providing additional exposure and visibility to these
programmes
– identifying synergies between programmes, both within
Blue Planet and with related activities across the GEO
community and beyond
– linking data to products to information to knowledge
– demonstrating societal benefits
– where possible making a concerted effort to link to
relevant policies and policy frameworks.
6. Developing capacity and societal awareness
Sustained ocean observations
Datacollection
Data/info
management
Models
Data products and services
Societal applications
Sustain-
able
fisheries
Ocean forecasting
Tsunami
warning
Flood
forecasts
Sea level
forecasts
Oil spill
response
HAB
monitoring
Biodiversity
monitoring
Pollution
monitoring
Societal benefits
Improved human health and safety,
Sustainably managed coastal zones,
Climate change adaptation/mitigation,
Climate
forecasts
Search and rescue
Improved ecosystem services and food security
7. Blue Planet Structure
& Partners
Sustained Ocean
Observations
C1
Developing Capacity
& Societal
Awareness
C6
Ocean Forecasting &
Services
C3
Ocean Climate &
Carbon
C5
Sustained
Ecosystems & Food
Security
C2
Services for the
Coastal Zone
C4
8. Sustained Ocean Observations
• Sustained ocean observations are a core infrastructure
to generate scientific and societal value
• Strategic planning and evaluation of the system of
sustained ocean observations require dialogue with
users and information providers
GOAL: to deliver a sustained ocean observing system
meeting societal and scientific needs for data and
information
C1
9. C1: Building from existing in situ and
satellite observations
continuous satellite measurements of
sea surface temperature, height,
winds, ocean color, and sea ice
Total in situ networks 67% Dec 2014
Surface measurements from volunteer
ships (VOS)
Global drifting surface buoy
array
Tide gauge network (GLOSS
committed)
XBT sub-surface temperature
section network
Argo profiling float network
Repeat hydrography and carbon
inventory
100%
250 ships in VOSclim pilot project
5° resolutionarray: 1250 floats
100%
40%
39%
100%
62%
300 real-time reporting gauges
37000 XBTs deployed
3° resolutionarray: 3200 floats
Full ocean survey in 10 years
Global tropical moored buoy network
76%
125 moorings planned87 combined sites
Global time series
network66%
30 34 40 45 48 55 56 59 60 62 62 62 62 62%
2000 2001 2002 20132003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Representative
Milestones
Original goal for full implementation by 2010
System % sustained,
of initial goals
100%
ice buoys
Fast data Slow/no data
GPS
(Planned)
63%
2014
10. Sustained ecosystems & food Security
• Chlorophyll Globally Integrated Network (ChloroGIN) and Antares
• Societal Applications in Fisheries and Aquaculture of Remotely-
sensed Imagery (SAFARI)
• Global Alliance of Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) Surveys
• International Quiet Ocean Experiment (IQOE)
• Mangrove monitoring
• Coral Reef Monitoring (GCRMN, I-CREOS)
• Estuary monitoring (Our Global Estuary)
GOAL: to provide sustained, integrated and globally-complete
observations of the ocean ecosystem for use by the scientific
community and by the decision makers responsible for ocean
stewardship.
C2
12. Ocean forecasting & services
• Support the GODAE OceanView international programme for the consolidation
and improvement of global and regional ocean forecasting systems
• Build upon forecasting systems, information and services developed in the
framework of the Copernicus Marine Env Monitoring Service (CMEMS) -MyOcean
• Establish a global operational oceanography network, connecting advanced
operational forecasting centres in developed countries and quasi-operational
centers in Asia, Africa and Latin America
• Enhance communication and collaboration among national ocean forecasting
systems to foster exchange of knowledge and expertise.
• Promote operational ocean forecasting services for societal benefit such as
weather forecasting, climate change detection and its coastal impacts, search and
rescue, oil spill response.
GOAL: to raise capability of ocean forecasting and analysis in
support of societally-relevant services.
C3
13. Services for the coastal zone
GOAL: to improve access to environmental intelligence for all
stakeholders, and to support deliberations on coastal zone
management as well as decision making related to sustainable
development.
- C4 is heavily focused on user information needs and observation
requirements
- Expected outcomes include identification of sub-sets of essential
variables; specifically for sea level and water quality
- Expected to result in several demonstrators
- Working to provide in-kind support from NOAA to facilitate some of
these activities.
C4
14. Activity 1: Develop a global coastal zone information system: a global cyber-
infrastructure providing access to information on coastal zones and collection of
new information through crowd-sourcing and citizen-science.
Activity 2: Implement a pilot project in an area-at-risk to demonstrate the
added-value of ecosystem-based approaches for monitoring and managing the
coastal zone. This will be coordinated with GOOS Regional Associations and
global/regional networks (see PICO Plan).
Activity 3: Assess climate change impacts on island coasts from the Caribbean to
the Arctic using SAR data as a demonstrator for the use of space-based
observations in the monitoring of climate change impacts (link to CEOS).
Activity 4: Assess the observational requirements for decadal forecasts of coastal
local sea-level variation and develop a demonstrator forecasting service.
Activity 5: Assess user needs and observational requirements for coastal water
quality (using the GEOSS User Requirements Registry); identify indicators and
best practices, and implement a monitoring service pilot for coastal water
quality; disseminate information particularly to under-served communities).
Proposed activities
15. Ocean Climate and Carbon
Observations (from space and in-situ) for both climate and carbon should
be based on concrete requirements, i.e.
- Climate: GCOS ECVs (+ EOVs) for climate
- Carbon: GEO Carbon Strategy Report + CEOS Strategy for Carbon
Observations from Space; GOOS-Biogeochemistry EOVs.
Many efforts to build on these requirements, coordinated by CEOS,
JCOMM, OOPC, IOCCP…
Ocean acidification networks: GOA-ON, OA-ICC (IAEA), national OA
programmes…
Where possible making a concerted effort to link to relevant policies and
policy frameworks (e.g. UNFCCC).
Goal: to advance the development and implementation of the
ocean contributions to the observation systems for both Climate
and Carbon, and in particular to address the issues and synergies
across the climate-carbon interface for the marine environment.
C5
16. C6: Developing Capacity and Societal
Awareness
Participating Organisations:
Capacity Building:
• Partnership for Observation of the Global Oceans (POGO)
• International Ocean Data and Information Exchange
(IODE)
• Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR)
Societal awareness:
POGO –links with Ocean Communicators United, Trans-
Atlantic Ocean Literacy, EMSEA, NMEA…
GOAL: to maintain, develop and expand capacity-building in the field of ocean
observations, and to inform and involve citizens in ocean observations using
innovative approaches.
17. Capacity building in marine science, ocean
observations and data management
Number of trainees: >700 by POGO, >1300 by IODE, >2000 by SCOR
Number of countries: 72 for POGO, 120 for IODE
18. Key Milestones & future plans
Website launched
White Paper
Book published
www.oceansandsociety.org
http://www.cambridgescholars.com/
oceans-and-society
2011 2012 2013 2014 2016
Kick-Off Symposium
in Brazil
1st Steering
Committee Meeting
2nd Symposium in
AustraliaPOGO submits
Task proposal
to GEO for
2012-2015
Work Plan
2015
3rd Symposium
in USA
Blue Planet Task
SB-01 accepted
by GEO Plenary
and incorporated
into 2012-2015
Work Plan
Post-2015
GEO Work
Program
GEO Ministerial
in Mexico
19. Desired discussions/outcomes from
Symposium
• Where should Blue Planet sit in the new GEO Work
Programme?
• Inclusive versus focussed?
• Does Blue Planet need an Implementation Plan?
• Should the Blue Planet Mission be updated, in particular to
include stronger emphasis on user engagement?
• Input to Ministerial Declaration?
• Better articulation of the value of Blue Planet
• Sustainability of best-effort organisation?
• Exploring synergies
• Policy linkages (e.g. UNFCCC, SDG, MSFD…)
For its first ten-year implementation plan GEO focussed on 9 societal benefit areas impacted/supported by Earth obs. Historically the ocean domain was much less visible than land and atmosphere, despite the fact that Oceans affect all the societal benefit areas of GEO
Against this backdrop, Oceans and Society Blue Planet was created by POGO in partnership with GOOS, GODAE OceanView and CEOS, to achieve the following mission.
There is a vast and growing network of existing observing system elements and programmes, governance bodies and data management systems, which are shown here in the outer ring (this is just a subset). This proliferation of acronyms, fondly known as the “Acronym Soup”, is creating confusion within the scientific community and especially outside of it. The role of BP is to facilitate communication between these programmes, most of which are connected in some way to the 5 main organisations leading Blue Planet. The ultimate goal is to integrate and explore synergies. Blue Planet does not seek to duplicate or compete with work that is already being done. Rather it seeks to raise the visibility of existing programmes and add value to them.
This shows how capacity building and societal awareness are the foundations on which sustained ocean obs can be implemented globally. Data collection and analysis, data and info management and models provide products and services (such as forecasts) and for a variety of societal applications that ultimately result in societal benefits
The Blue Planet is currently structured around these 6 Components, which are being led by the organisations shown here.
The component C1 builds on a wide range of contributions to a Global Ocean Observing System, including in situ observing networks and satellite virtual constellations. To date these have largely focused on ocean physical and some biogeochemical variables, but there are great opportunities to expand to sustained observations of biological and ecosystems variables. GEO-related projects are improving the readiness of observing elements to contribute to sustained ocean observing data streams.