This document outlines the objectives and agenda of a workshop on groundwater resources assessment and governance in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. The workshop aims to (1) establish national teams to study the Pretashkent aquifer, (2) identify key actors and roles, and (3) define actions and workplans for assessing, managing and governing the transboundary aquifer. The workshop is part of UNESCO's initiative to improve groundwater governance in Central Asia following a 2012 resolution by UNESCO's Intergovernmental Council.
“Regional work programme” by EUWI+ team
EU Water Initiative plus for Eastern Partnership (EUWI+East)
Project Progress Meeting
Minsk, Belarus, 26 April 2018
“Regional work programme” by EUWI+ team
EU Water Initiative plus for Eastern Partnership (EUWI+East)
Project Progress Meeting
Minsk, Belarus, 26 April 2018
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF THE RIO DE LA PLATA AND ITS MARITIME FRONT.pptIwl Pcu
The task of both commissions is to adopt and coordinate plans and measures aimed at protecting the aquatic environments and their fauna, promoting research.
Center for “Water for Sustainable Development and Adaptation to Climate Chang...UNESCO Venice Office
Water Family Meeting and Symposium on Water Equity in South-East Europe and the Mediterranean
28-29 March 2019 Palazzo Zorzi, Venice (Italy) -
Brankica Majkić-Dursun, Director, UNESCO category II Center for Water for Sustainable Development and Adaptation to Climate Change, Serbia
The Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, on behalf of the UK Committee for National and International Hydrology, convened a special session on International Catchment Management Science and Application at the World Water Congress XV in May 2015.
Applying an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management: focus on seamou...Iwl Pcu
Carl Gustaf Lundin
IUCN (Indian Ocean Seamounts)
Presentation given during the 5th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference in Cairns, Australia (during the pre-conference workshop marine ecosystems, Global Change and Marine Resources).
Slovenian National Committee of the International Hydrological ProgrammeUNESCO Venice Office
Water Family Meeting and Symposium on Water Equity in South-East Europe and the Mediterranean
28-29 March 2019 Palazzo Zorzi, Venice (Italy) -
Mitja Brilly, IHP National Committee, Slovenia
International Cooperation in Water Management and Pollution Control in the Da...Iwl Pcu
The Danube River Basin,a cultural and historical centre of Europe. The Danube River Protection Convention is a legal frame for co-operation to assure the protection of water and ecological resources and their sustainable use in the Danube River Basin.
Similar to 2 aureli-objective of the workshop aa (20)
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
1. Workshop on
Groundwater Resources Assessment ad
Governance
:case study the Pretashkent aquifer
(Almaty, Kazakhstan, 15 -16 July, 2013)
(Follow up IHP Council Resolution IC.XX3. UNESCO – IHP Project
“Groundwater Resources Governance in Transboundary Aquifers”)
3. Start CONSULTATIONS –
Setting up adequate working
framework -
So that to put in place THE
UNESCO IHP action on
Groundwater in Central Asia
OBJECTIVE 1-
4. • SET UP OF:
National Team
• National Institutions
• Category 2 UNESCO CENTRES
• UNESCO CHAIRS
• National commission of UNESCO
• IHP National Committees
• National experts
Regional teams cooperation
OBJECTIVE 2
Identify MAIN
Actors and
Roles at
Regional and
National level
5. OBJECTIVE 3
DEFINE ACTIONS AND WORKPLANS
for the assessment, management and
governance of groundwater resources
focus on the transboundary aquifer
FIRST CASE THE - Pretashkent aquifer
6. 20th Session Intergovernmental Council of the
International Hydrological Programme (IHP) UNESCO
Resolution XX-3
on
INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVE ON TRANSBOUNDARY
AQUIFERS MANAGEMENT
(IHP-ISARM Project)
HQs Paris, 4 - 7 June 2012.
IHP/IC-XX/
7. The Intergovernmental Council of the International Hydrological
Programme of UNESCO,
Recalling Resolution XIV-12 adopted at the 14th session of the IHP Council, Paris, 5-10 June
2000, and Resolution XIX-9 adopted at the 19th session of the IHP Council, Paris, 5-9 July
2012, which are the basis of the IHP International Initiative on Internationally Shared Aquifers
Management (ISARM),
Also recalling the UN General Assembly Resolution A/RES/63/124 (11 December 2008), which
appreciated the valuable scientific assistance on the topic of the management of
transboundary aquifers rendered by IHP to the United Nations International Law Commission,
Noting the UN General Assembly Resolution A/RES/66/104 (9 December 2011), which
encourages IHP to offer further scientific and technical assistance to Member States,
Recognizing the important contribution provided by IHP in conducting the world wide
inventory of transboundary aquifers of the world and in improving the scientific knowledge in
support of their management,
Encourages Member States to cooperate on the study of their transboundary aquifers;
Requests the IHP Secretariat to:
(i) support Member States in promoting studies in regard to transboundary aquifers in the
framework of the existing IHP ISARM initiative; and
(ii) continue studies on transboundary aquifers and assist interested Member States in their
studies of transboundary aquifers resources management including by promoting capacity
building and awareness raising activities on existing instruments and discussions.
8. Previous Steps
Several workshop organized in 2007 , 2009, 2011 by UNESCO and UNECE
• Experts highlighted the need to improve the training for professional hydrogeologists
• Experts expressed their strong desire and interest in having a multidisciplinary
groundwater project which will help countries in these challenging and difficult issues,
focused on the following:
• (i) Strengthening the capacity of countries on groundwater resources assessment,
management, policy, technical aspects and information monitoring and exchange across
borders;
• (ii) Utilization of subsurface space in order to address Climate Change, surface water flows
and environmental hazards;
• (iii) Dialogue among stakeholders and raising awareness of decision makers on groundwater
governance and policy;
• (iv) Elements on conflict prevention of the UNESCO “From Potential Conflict to Cooperation
Potential” Programme (PCCP).
• (v) as well as at raising public awareness and promoting dialogue between the countries in
transboundary aquifers management
9. UNESCO IHP ACTION ON
Following the request
from Member States,
UNESCO IHP will :
• Involve experts in the UNESCO IHP programme on
groundwater resources
• Start preparation of several projects and case
studies in Central Asia.
• Improve national and regional capacity on the
assessment and management of groundwater
resources and transboundary aquifers
• Strengthen cooperation at regional level
GROUNDWATER
•UNESCO follow up of the
recommendations of Member
States at the 20th Session
Intergovernmental Council of the
International Hydrological
Programme (IHP) UNESCO
Headquarters Paris, 4 - 7 June
2012.
•IHP BUREAU SESSION-JUNE 2013 –
focus on Central Asia
10. GLOBAL- LEVEL 1
TRANSBOUNDARY
WATERS ASSESSMENT
PROGRAM
TRANSBOUNDARY
AQUIFERS
TWAP
UNESCO, FINANCED
BY THE GEF
REGIONAL – LEVEL 2
SET THE BASE FOR
AQUIFERS
MANAGEMENT
and foster regional
coordination
GrW- Syr Darya
UNESCO, FINANCED
BY THE GEF
CASE STUDIES
NATIONAL LEVEL
and INTERSTATES
COOPERATION
LEVEL
Kazakhstan-
Uzbekistan
PRETASHKENT
Aquifer
UNESCO,
Financed by SDC
11. GLOBAL- LEVEL 1
TRANSBOUNDARY
WATERS ASSESSMENT
PROGRAM
TRANSBOUNDARY
AQUIFERS
TWAP
UNESCO, FINANCED BY
THE GEF
12. Enabling countries of the transboundary Syr
Darya Basin to make sustainable use of their
groundwater potential and subsurface
space with consideration to climate
variability and change.
Regional
Project:
Countries: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Tajikistan
Executing Agency: UNESCO
UNESCO IHP
13. To create the regional and national enabling
environment for climate resilient, sustainable,
conjunctive use of surface and groundwater
resources in the Syr Darya Basin
REGIONAL Syr Darya
Project Objective:
UNESCO IHP
14. Country endorsements
NAME POSITION MINISTRY DATE (MM/dd/yyyy)
Mr. Nurlan Kapparov Minister of
Environmental
Protection
MINISTRY OF
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
KAZAKHSTAN
22 OCTOBER 2012
Mr. Sabir S. Atadjanov Director, Government
Agency for
Environment Protection
GEF OFP
GOVERNMENT OF
KYRGYZSTAN
22 NOVEMBER 2012
Mr. Talbak Salimov Chairman of the
Committee
COMMITTEE ON
ENVIRONMENT
PROTECTION,
THE
GOVERNMENT OF
THE REPUBLIC
OF TAJIKISTAN
10 JANUARY 2013
Executed by UNESCO IHP
The Project Concept (PIF) was approved by the GEF Council during its meeting in
June 2013. Council also approved a small preparation grant (PPG) for the full
development of the project design.
15. CASE STUDIES
Objectives:
• improve the knowledge on national groundwater
resources
• recognition of the importance and vulnerability of
transboundary aquifer resources,
• improve cooperation between countries
• and
• establish cross-border dialogue and cooperation
16. CASE STUDIES
Three case study TBAs within the global TWAP
framework:
i. The Esquipulas-Ocotepeque-Citalá (Trifinio)
Aquifer (El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras) –
IUCN as main partner
ii. The Stampriet Aquifer (Namibia, Botswana,
South Africa)
iii. The Pretashkent Aquifer
(Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan)
17. TRIFINIO AQUIFER (600 Km2)
(EL SALVADOR, GUATEMALA,
HONDURAS)
• Unconfined multi-layer
system linked to surface
drainage
• Depth: 20 to 150m
• Alluvial sediments
overlying fractured
volcanic rocks
Used for drinking water (50%),
irrigation (40%) and Industry (10%)
• Loss of recharge due to
deforestation and
urbanization
• Contamination from
industry and domestic
sources
• Over-exploitation
18. STAMPRIET AQUIFER (100,000 Km2) BOTSWANA,
NAMIBIA, SOUTH AFRICA
THE THREE TRANSBOUNDARY AQUIFERS
PROPOSED FOR THE PROJECT
• Confined Karoo sediments,
overlain by unconfined Kalahari
clastics
Recharge area • Partly artesian
Brackish waters
Main water source
in Namibia for
drinking,
agriculture, mining
industry
In Botswana used for
stock and game
watering and villages
In South Africa used
for farms, game
reserve and stock
watering
• Leakages from artesian
Karoo into unconfined upper
Kalahari clastics
• Growing needs of mining
industry
• Climate variability and
change
19. THE PROJECT “GROUNDWATER RESOURCES
GOVERNANCE IN TRANSBOUNDARY AQUIFERS”
GOALS AND EXPECTED OUTCOMES
PRETASHKENT CASE STUDIES GOALS:
NATIONAL LEVEL
COUNTRIES IMPROVE THEIR KNOWLEDGE ON NATIONAL
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES AND ON THEIR TRANSBOUNDARY
AQUIFERS,
BUILT AN EXAMPLE ON MANAGEMENT THE GW- RESOURCE,
HOW TO ENHANCE NATIONAL WATER SECURITY AND TO
IMPROVE OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY.
REGIONAL LEVEL
ENHANCED COOPERATION
COUNTRIES COOPERATE AND IMPLEMENT PRIORITY ACTIONS
FOR THE PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE AQUIFER.
20. CASE STUDIES
OUTPUTS
STUDY - Assessment of the 3 aquifers
representative of different
environmental and socio-economic
conditions,
Information Management
Systems programs in each
project aquifer
National and regional
seminars
Multi-country
Consultative
Meetings in the
three project
aquifers
Proposal and Recommendations for
Harmonized monitoring
21. Assessment of the hydrogeological,
environmental, socio‐economic
conditions, legal and institutional
frameworks, including the identification
of transboundary concerns (diagnostic
analysis)
facilitate cooperation mechanisms
among countries sharing the aquifers.
CASE STUDY
PRETASHKENT
COMPONENTS
22. • July 2013
TO
End 2015
PROJECT TIME
SCALE
FIRST PHASE
SECOND PHASE ? 2016-2017
24. ACTIONS
National Experts study of the set of indicators prepared by
UNESCO
National Experts review of indicators and final decision on
adopted set of indicators,
National Experts -Data Collection (tailored upon the adopted set
of indicators) on: Climate and hydrology; Hydrogeology;
Subsurface Geology; Environmental conditions (quality/quantity);
Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems; Socio-economic
dimensions; Gender issues; Governance: stakeholders, existing
policy instruments, regulations and laws, customary practices,
existing management practices including monitoring. Data will
include already existing information, and newly collected data
through direct measurements, remote sensing, and
questionnaires.
National Experts - Application of indicators, and conduct of the
Assessment and Diagnostic Analysis with a view to the
identification of areas of concern, both national and
transboundary, their causes and possible corrective measures.
25. OBJECTIVES OF THE WORKSHOP
• National Team
National Institutions
• Ministry of environment : committee of water
resources
• Ministry of new technology : committee
• Institue of Geography
• Category UNESCO glaciology
• National commission of UNESO
Natioanl expters