This document outlines Keith Alverson's talk on the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). GOOS coordinates sustained ocean observations internationally to monitor climate, improve weather/climate prediction, and support ecosystem-based management. It works with various partner programs. Accomplishments include advancing the understanding of climate change and benefiting coastal management. Challenges remain in fully implementing observing networks and integrating with other systems. Developing regional observing systems for the Arctic and Southern Oceans is discussed.
Editorial – July 2011 – The latest space mission : SMOS, GOCE and CRYOSAT
Greengs all,
This month’s newsleer is devoted to the latest space mission and their use in physical oceasnography. A focus is here put on the possible physical oceanography
applicaons of the SMOS, GOCE and CRYOSAT missions.
SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity), launched on November 2, 2009, is the first satellite mission addressing sea surface salinity measurements from space. Realis-
c salinity maps have been obtained and preliminary validaon tests against in situ data indicate that the SMOS team is approaching its goals. SMOS will be a milestone
in the route for incorporang salinity to operaonal remote sensing.
The GOCE (Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulaon) satellite, first core Earth Explorer mission from ESA’s Living Planet programme, was successfully launched
on March, 17th 2009. One primary objecve of the GOCE mission is to determine the Earth geoid with an accuracy of 1-2 cm for a spaal resoluon of 100 km. This is
an important supplementary step towards the beer esmaon of the ocean Mean Dynamic Topography, a key reference surface for the assimilaon of almetric Sea
Level Anomalies into operaonal ocean forecasng systems.
ESA's CRYOSAT Earth Explorer mission was launched on 8 April 2010. Although its first mission is to provide the first satellite maps of sea-ice thickness, the CRYOSAT
mission is also operang over ocean surfaces providing a new source of valuable almeter measurements. It represents an addional almeter ocean mission complementary
to exisng Envisat, Jason-1 and Jason-2 missions in the operaonal mulmission processing chain of the SSALTO/DUACS system used in MyOcean.
The newsleer is presenng the following scienfic arcles: First, Font et al. present the characteriscs of the SMOS instrument, a summary of the sea surface salinity
retrieval from SMOS observaons and shows inial results obtained one year and a half a>er launch. At present there are sll several issues being addressed by the
SMOS team, mainly related to low level data processing but also to the retrieval of salinity from radiometric measurements, which prevent by now from reaching the
mission objecves in terms of salinity accuracy. However, realisc salinity maps have been obtained and will be presented. Second, Rio and Mulet carry out an independent
validaon of the different GOCE geoid models, in order to assess their accuracy and determine which one is beer suited for oceanographic applicaons and
Mean Dynamic Topography esmaon. Both the impact of the different methodologies used to compute the gravity fields as well as the contribuon of the four
months of supplementary data have been checked. Third, Dorendeu et al. present a dedicated experiment in order to esmate to which extent valuable ocean al-
metric signals can be extracted from CRYOSAT data and how this opportunity mission could be merged with exisng Envi
Summary:
ICE ARC Project
ASSESSING CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN ACTIVITIES
IN THE ARCTIC OCEAN: THE EUROPEAN ACCESS PROGRAMME (2011-2015)
THE YEAR OF POLAR PREDICTION (YOPP): CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
IN ICE-OCEAN FORECASTING
IAOOS (ICE - ATMOSPHERE - ARCTIC OCEAN OBSERVING SYSTEM, 2011-2019)
SEA ICE ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING WITH GLOSEA5
RECENT PROGRESS IN SEA ICE DATA ASSIMILATION AT ENVIRONMENT CANADA
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IMPACTING THE SEA ICE IN THE MERCATOR OCÉAN GLOBAL ¼° CONFIGURATION
PARAMETERIZATION OF DRAG COEFFICIENTS OVER POLAR SEA ICE FOR CLIMATE MODELS
A MAXWELL-ELASTO-BRITTLE RHEOLOGY FOR SEA ICE MODELING
Editorial – July 2011 – The latest space mission : SMOS, GOCE and CRYOSAT
Greengs all,
This month’s newsleer is devoted to the latest space mission and their use in physical oceasnography. A focus is here put on the possible physical oceanography
applicaons of the SMOS, GOCE and CRYOSAT missions.
SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity), launched on November 2, 2009, is the first satellite mission addressing sea surface salinity measurements from space. Realis-
c salinity maps have been obtained and preliminary validaon tests against in situ data indicate that the SMOS team is approaching its goals. SMOS will be a milestone
in the route for incorporang salinity to operaonal remote sensing.
The GOCE (Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulaon) satellite, first core Earth Explorer mission from ESA’s Living Planet programme, was successfully launched
on March, 17th 2009. One primary objecve of the GOCE mission is to determine the Earth geoid with an accuracy of 1-2 cm for a spaal resoluon of 100 km. This is
an important supplementary step towards the beer esmaon of the ocean Mean Dynamic Topography, a key reference surface for the assimilaon of almetric Sea
Level Anomalies into operaonal ocean forecasng systems.
ESA's CRYOSAT Earth Explorer mission was launched on 8 April 2010. Although its first mission is to provide the first satellite maps of sea-ice thickness, the CRYOSAT
mission is also operang over ocean surfaces providing a new source of valuable almeter measurements. It represents an addional almeter ocean mission complementary
to exisng Envisat, Jason-1 and Jason-2 missions in the operaonal mulmission processing chain of the SSALTO/DUACS system used in MyOcean.
The newsleer is presenng the following scienfic arcles: First, Font et al. present the characteriscs of the SMOS instrument, a summary of the sea surface salinity
retrieval from SMOS observaons and shows inial results obtained one year and a half a>er launch. At present there are sll several issues being addressed by the
SMOS team, mainly related to low level data processing but also to the retrieval of salinity from radiometric measurements, which prevent by now from reaching the
mission objecves in terms of salinity accuracy. However, realisc salinity maps have been obtained and will be presented. Second, Rio and Mulet carry out an independent
validaon of the different GOCE geoid models, in order to assess their accuracy and determine which one is beer suited for oceanographic applicaons and
Mean Dynamic Topography esmaon. Both the impact of the different methodologies used to compute the gravity fields as well as the contribuon of the four
months of supplementary data have been checked. Third, Dorendeu et al. present a dedicated experiment in order to esmate to which extent valuable ocean al-
metric signals can be extracted from CRYOSAT data and how this opportunity mission could be merged with exisng Envi
Summary:
ICE ARC Project
ASSESSING CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN ACTIVITIES
IN THE ARCTIC OCEAN: THE EUROPEAN ACCESS PROGRAMME (2011-2015)
THE YEAR OF POLAR PREDICTION (YOPP): CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
IN ICE-OCEAN FORECASTING
IAOOS (ICE - ATMOSPHERE - ARCTIC OCEAN OBSERVING SYSTEM, 2011-2019)
SEA ICE ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING WITH GLOSEA5
RECENT PROGRESS IN SEA ICE DATA ASSIMILATION AT ENVIRONMENT CANADA
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IMPACTING THE SEA ICE IN THE MERCATOR OCÉAN GLOBAL ¼° CONFIGURATION
PARAMETERIZATION OF DRAG COEFFICIENTS OVER POLAR SEA ICE FOR CLIMATE MODELS
A MAXWELL-ELASTO-BRITTLE RHEOLOGY FOR SEA ICE MODELING
Coastal and Marine Environment Protection
International Roundtable on Protection and Sustainable Use of Trans-boundary Waters in South East Europe, 15-16 December 2011, Zagreb, Croatia
Seagrass mapping and monitoring along the coast of Crete, Greece. Mid-Term Pr...Universität Salzburg
Research problem focuses on studying dynamics of spatial distribution of the seagrass meadows with a case study of P. oceanica, using aerial and satellite imagery over the 10-years period. Characteristics of the spectral reflectance of seagrass enables its discrimination from other seafloor types. Raster images processing using RS methods is suitable for seagrass mapping. Current MSc research is based on various sources of data: fieldwork in-situ measurements, satellite imagery, aerial imagery and GIS layers (maps of Crete). Technically, research is based on using GIS and RS methods: ENVI and ArcGIS software.
Wind farm development in the Irish Sea- Bronagh Byrnerebeccalynam
Bronagh Byrne, Environment and Consents Manager at DONG Energy will look at the value of environmental monitoring to the offshore wind industry and discuss how approaches to environmental monitoring are being improved.
Utilizando la información espectral y visión panorámica mediante la interpretación de imágenes satelitales se puede conocer la superficie, forma y distribución de la cobertura de agua y vomo la arcatan las alteraciones en las componentes vegetal y uso de la tierra de grandes áreas. En el trabajo específico con vegetación son empleadas para describir grandes tipos de comunidades (incluso determinar presencia de especies invasoras), estimar su estado hídrico, fenología, niveles de degradación y tasas de productividad. Basado en imágenes de satélites, en el año 2002 se presentó en Argentina el Primer Inventario de Bosques Nativos, que tuvo como objetivo obtener mapas temáticos de cobertura de uso de la tierra, del estado de los bosques (niveles de aprovechamiento y degradación), indicadores de factores ambientales responsables de la alteración de los recursos hidricos
Sea level rise impact modelling on small islands: case study gili raja island...Luhur Moekti Prayogo
Coastal regions and small islands are areas that will be adversely affected by the phenomenon of sea level rise globally. In general, Sea Level Rise (SLR) will result in coastal impacts as follows: increased frequency and intensity of floods, changes in ocean currents and widespread intrusion of sea water. This research was conducted in Gili Raja Island of Sumenep Madura. Objectives of this research were to demonstrate the ability of combining remote sensing and GIS method to determine the impact of SLR on a small island and to model its scale using different scenario. GIS based run-up model were performed to estimate and predict the impact of SLR to the island’s area. Three water level scenario (0.5 m, 1.0 m and 1.5 m) were applied. The results showed that in the first scenario 8.73% of the island was flooded by sea water, furthermore in two other scenario the flooded area was increase significantly (15.88% and 22.38%).
MyOcean scientists took part in this valuable COST initiative in particular for "Ocean reanalysis" cross-fertilization last 2-4 March 2015 in Liège, Belgium.
The main goals of the ESSEM COST Action ES1402 are to improve the coordination of the European efforts in the evaluation of ocean syntheses, to optimize their use and value, to ease their access, to promote their improvement and to raise confidence in their quality. Recommendations and guidelines will be provided on the evaluation, quality and applications of ocean syntheses to end users. These evaluations require cross-disciplinary meetings with experts in Earth Observation, ocean and atmosphere syntheses, air-sea flux measurements and modelling and physical oceanography. This Action will provide the optimal framework for integrating these communities.
Coastal and Marine Environment Protection
International Roundtable on Protection and Sustainable Use of Trans-boundary Waters in South East Europe, 15-16 December 2011, Zagreb, Croatia
Seagrass mapping and monitoring along the coast of Crete, Greece. Mid-Term Pr...Universität Salzburg
Research problem focuses on studying dynamics of spatial distribution of the seagrass meadows with a case study of P. oceanica, using aerial and satellite imagery over the 10-years period. Characteristics of the spectral reflectance of seagrass enables its discrimination from other seafloor types. Raster images processing using RS methods is suitable for seagrass mapping. Current MSc research is based on various sources of data: fieldwork in-situ measurements, satellite imagery, aerial imagery and GIS layers (maps of Crete). Technically, research is based on using GIS and RS methods: ENVI and ArcGIS software.
Wind farm development in the Irish Sea- Bronagh Byrnerebeccalynam
Bronagh Byrne, Environment and Consents Manager at DONG Energy will look at the value of environmental monitoring to the offshore wind industry and discuss how approaches to environmental monitoring are being improved.
Utilizando la información espectral y visión panorámica mediante la interpretación de imágenes satelitales se puede conocer la superficie, forma y distribución de la cobertura de agua y vomo la arcatan las alteraciones en las componentes vegetal y uso de la tierra de grandes áreas. En el trabajo específico con vegetación son empleadas para describir grandes tipos de comunidades (incluso determinar presencia de especies invasoras), estimar su estado hídrico, fenología, niveles de degradación y tasas de productividad. Basado en imágenes de satélites, en el año 2002 se presentó en Argentina el Primer Inventario de Bosques Nativos, que tuvo como objetivo obtener mapas temáticos de cobertura de uso de la tierra, del estado de los bosques (niveles de aprovechamiento y degradación), indicadores de factores ambientales responsables de la alteración de los recursos hidricos
Sea level rise impact modelling on small islands: case study gili raja island...Luhur Moekti Prayogo
Coastal regions and small islands are areas that will be adversely affected by the phenomenon of sea level rise globally. In general, Sea Level Rise (SLR) will result in coastal impacts as follows: increased frequency and intensity of floods, changes in ocean currents and widespread intrusion of sea water. This research was conducted in Gili Raja Island of Sumenep Madura. Objectives of this research were to demonstrate the ability of combining remote sensing and GIS method to determine the impact of SLR on a small island and to model its scale using different scenario. GIS based run-up model were performed to estimate and predict the impact of SLR to the island’s area. Three water level scenario (0.5 m, 1.0 m and 1.5 m) were applied. The results showed that in the first scenario 8.73% of the island was flooded by sea water, furthermore in two other scenario the flooded area was increase significantly (15.88% and 22.38%).
MyOcean scientists took part in this valuable COST initiative in particular for "Ocean reanalysis" cross-fertilization last 2-4 March 2015 in Liège, Belgium.
The main goals of the ESSEM COST Action ES1402 are to improve the coordination of the European efforts in the evaluation of ocean syntheses, to optimize their use and value, to ease their access, to promote their improvement and to raise confidence in their quality. Recommendations and guidelines will be provided on the evaluation, quality and applications of ocean syntheses to end users. These evaluations require cross-disciplinary meetings with experts in Earth Observation, ocean and atmosphere syntheses, air-sea flux measurements and modelling and physical oceanography. This Action will provide the optimal framework for integrating these communities.
Greetings to all,
The Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) final symposium will be held in Nice in November 12-15 2008. This
project has been a precursor to a world wide experiment to demonstrate the feasibility of global ocean observing systems using
state of the art assimilation techniques. Today, several teams are working on operational ocean systems to provide forecast and
description of the ocean, using increasingly complex assimilation schemes and high resolution models. As we saw in the last
newsletter, these systems have reached the coast and routinely provide real time ocean forecast. But they need input information
for their boundaries and initialisation fields, from regional, basin wide or global configurations.
This month, the Newsletter is dedicated to global ocean systems resulting from the GODAE project.
In the first news feature, a review of the GODAE achievements in ocean observing systems is made by Le Traon et al. In a
second introduction paper, Pierre Bahurel provides a “Global view on MyOcean” where he introduces the special ongoing efforts
to improve products and services to users.
Four systems from three countries (U.S., France and Japan) are then presented, showing a variety of developments, model
resolutions and assimilation schemes that are all facing the same challenges: to describe, understand and forecast the world
ocean. The first contribution is from Chassignet et Hurlburt and is dedicated to the U.S. HYCOM 1/12° global configuration.
Menemenlis et al. will then tell us how useful the ECCO2 system is in understanding and estimating ocean processes.
Legalloudec et al. follow with the 1/12° Mercator g lobal model and its ability to represent the mesoscale activity. Finally, Kamachi
et al. will present the MRI global systems, including two nesting configurations dedicated to several applications from climate
variability to boundary forcing or ocean weather.
The next newsletter will be published in January 2009 and dedicated to the Mediterranean Sea.
We wish you a pleasant reading.
Editorial – October 2011 – Three of the MyOcean long time series reanalysis products
Greengs all,
This month’s newsleer is devoted to three of the MyOcean long me series Reanalysis products: the In Situ temperature and salinity CORA reanalysis
(1990 to 2010), the reanalysis of the North Atlanc ocean biogeochemistry (1998-2007) and the Arcc Ocean sea-ice dri/ reanalysis (1992-
2010).
The first product described here is the In Situ temperature and salinity CORA reanalysis (1990 to 2010). A new version of the comprehensive and
qualified ocean in-situ dataset (the Coriolis dataset for Re-Analysis - CORA) is released for the period 1990 to 2010. This in-situ dataset of temperature
and salinity profiles, from different data types (Argo, GTS data, VOS ships, NODC historical data...) on the global scale, is meant to be used for
general oceanographic research purposes, for ocean model validaon, and also for inializaon or assimilaon of ocean models. This product is
available from the MyOcean web portal (hp://www.myocean.eu/).
The second product is the reanalysis of the North Atlanc ocean biogeochemistry (1998-2007). A system assimilang Ocean Colour SeaWiFS data
during the period 1998-2007 has been designed to construct a reanalysis of the North Atlanc ocean biogeochemistry based on a coupled physicalbiogeochemical
model at eddy-admi:ng resoluon. The aim of this study is, on the one hand to develop the skeleton of a pre-operaonal coupled
physical-biogeochemical system with real-me assimilave/forecasng capability, and on the other hand to operate this prototype system for producing
a biogeochemical reanalysis covering the 1998-2007 period. This product is not available from the MyOcean web portal yet.
The third reanalysis product is the 1992-2010 winter Arcc Ocean sea ice dri/ me series made at Ifremer/CERSAT from satellite measurements
which consists of several products: the Level 3 products from single sensors and the L4 products from the combinaon of sensors. They are available
at 3, 6 and 30 day-lag with a 62.5 km-grid size during winter. This dataset is available for oceanic and climate modelling as well as various scienfic
studies in the Arcc. The me series is ongoing and will connue for Arcc long term monitoring using the next MetOp/ASCAT operaonal
scaerometers, planned to be operated for the next 10 years. This product is available from the MyOcean web portal (hp://www.myocean.eu/).
The next January 2012 issue will be dedicated to various applicaons using the Mercator Ocean products.
We wish you a pleasant reading!
Greetings all,
This month’s newsletter is devoted to ocean indices aiming at a better understanding of the state of the ocean climate. Ocean
climate indices can be linked to major patterns of climate variability and usually have a significant social impact. The estimation of
the ocean climate indices along with their uncertainty is thus crucial: It gives an indication of our ability to measure the ocean. It is
as well a useful tool for decision making. Ocean climate indices also provide an at-a-glance overview of the state of the ocean
climate, and a way to talk to a wider audience about the ocean observing system. Several groups of experts are now working on
various ocean indicators using ocean forecast models, satellite data and reanalysis models in observing system simulation
experiments, among which the OOPC, NOAA and MERSEA/Boss4Gmes communities for example:
http://ioc3.unesco.org/oopc/state_of_the_ocean/index.php
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/enso_advisory/
http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/cyclone/data/method.html
http://www.mersea.eu.org/Indicators-with-B4G.html
Scientific articles about Ocean indices in the present Newsletter are displayed as follows: The first article by Von Schuckmann et
al. is dealing with the estimation of global ocean indicators from a gridded hydrographic field. Then, Crosnier et al. are describing
the need to conduct intercomparison of model analyses and forecast in order for experts to provide a reliable scientific expertise
on ocean climate indicators. The next article by Coppini et al. is telling us about ocean indices computed from the Mediterranean
Forecasting System for the European Environment Agency and Boss4Gmes. Then Buarque et al. are revisiting the Tropical
Cyclone Heat Potential Index in order to better represent the ocean heat content that interacts with Hurricane. The last article by Greiner et al. is dealing with the assessment of robust ocean indicators and gives an example with oceanic predictors for the
Sahel precipitations.
The next July 2009 newsletter will review the current work on data assimilation and its techniques and progress for operational
oceanography.
We wish you a pleasant reading.
C1.01: GOOS: an essential collaborative system enabling societal benefit - Jo...Blue Planet Symposium
A sustained ocean observing system forms a basis, along with capacity development, enabling societal benefit from ocean information. The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) is driven by societal requirements, including:
- adapting to and mitigating climate variability and change
- preparing for ocean-related hazards and supporting development of the ocean economy, and
- monitoring and promoting stewardship of ocean health.
GOOS is a key contributor to the GEO Blue Planet task. We are a collaborative programme, connecting a community and organizations working on many aspects of a Framework for Ocean Observations: identifying requirements focused on Essential Ocean Variables, coordinating observing networks and monitoring progress towards targets, and connecting to data and information generation activities that create scientific and societal value.
At the global level, these processes are led by three GOOS Panels focused on physics, biogeochemistry, and biology. The panels evaluate the readiness of the observing system, promoting strategic investment by identifying what is essential, and encouraging the development of new capabilities. They work closely with the ocean observing community. A Strategic Mapping is helping to identify how elements integrate into the system. GOOS development projects are evaluating and where necessary will improve and change parts of the sustained ocean observing system.
The combined satellite and in situ observing networks contributing to GOOS have strengthened in recent years.
At the regional level, GOOS Regional Alliances individually focus on local priorities and requirements. Collectively, they work to develop institutional and human capacity to make and benefit from sustained ocean observations.
GOOS both supports and relies on many partners, including other contributors to the GEO Blue Planet, in seeking to sustain present observations, while integrating new essential ocean observations into a sustained observing system.
Editorial – April 2011 – Special Issue jointly coordinated by Mercator Ocean and Coriolis
focusing on Ocean Observations
Greetings all,
Once a year in April, and for the second time after the April 2010 issue, the Mercator Ocean Forecasting Center in Toulouse and the Coriolis
Infrastructure in Brest publish a common newsletter. Some papers are dedicated to observations only, when others display collaborations
between the 2 aspects: Observations and Modelling/Data assimilation.
The two first papers introducing this issue are presenting the data requirement for the GMES Marine Core Service (Le Traon and Pouliquen) and
the Eurosites Open Ocean Observatory Network (Larkin et al.).
Then, Doxaran et al. are writing about the Provpanache project which uses of ProvBio floats to study the dynamics of suspended particles in river
plumes. Two papers are then dealing with eXpendable BathyThermograph (XBT) observations: Hamon et al. start with “Empirical correction of
XBT fall rate” and shows that maximum heat content in the top 700 meters found in earlier studies can be explained by now identified XBT
biases. XBT are also used by Maes et al. who look at the geostrophic component of oceanic jets entering in the eastern Coral Seas. Next, Brion
et al. are using complementary in situ data among which Thermosalinographs (TSG) for the calibration and validation of SMOS.
The two last papers of the present issue are displaying the collaboration between the Ocean Observations and Ocean Modelling communities:
Juza et al. are using a numerical model in order to determine how the Argo array could be extended to better monitor the Global Ocean heat
content variability. Drevillon et al. are then presenting the Mercator Ocean quaterly validation bulletin “Quo Va Dis?” which is using the Coriolis
data in order to draw the picture of the quality of the Mercator Ocean products.
We will meet again next year in April 2012 for a new jointly coordinated Newsletter between Mercator Ocean and Coriolis. Regarding next July
2011 Newsletter coordinated by Mercator Ocean only, it will display papers about the latest space missions and their use for oceanography and
research.
We wish you a pleasant reading,
Laurence Crosnier and Sylvie Pouliquen, Editors.
C1.02: The activities and Work Plan of the GOOS Physics and Climate Panel (OO...Blue Planet Symposium
The GOOS Physics and Climate Panel* coordinates requirements for the physical variables for GOOS, and also leads the climate theme, reporting to the United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change (UNFCCC), through the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS).
Due to the many links that need to be made, the panel has a 5 year Work Plan (2013-2018), which is reviewed and updated annually. The Work Plan focusses on developing requirements for physics Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) and ocean Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) through the development of variable specifications, the evaluation of network design to meet requirements, and the development and application of observing system performance metrics.
Where there is a need to evolve or expand the observing system, the panel conducts thematic systems based evaluations: for example, the Tropical Pacific observing system (TPOS) review, and evaluation of physics and climate aspects of the Deep Ocean Observing Strategy. Future plans and priorities include; Boundary Currents, and boundary current/shelf interactions, observations for reducing uncertainties in air sea fluxes, and observing ocean/ice interactions.
Systems based evaluations are designed to assess requirements for observations of EOVs, and assess approaches to meeting requirements with existing and emerging observing technologies. Some of these evaluations can and will lead to stand alone finite lifetime projects to oversee the transition or expansion of the observing system. For instance, a new project has been established following the TPOS review, called TPOS 2020 to oversee transition of the TPOS to become more robust, integrated and sustainable (see www.tpos2020.org).
* The GOOS Physics and Climate Panel is also known as the GCOS-GOOS-WCRP Ocean Observations panel for Physics and Climate, OOPC. See more details at www.oopc.info
C5.02: The Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network: data for decisions -...Blue Planet Symposium
Ocean acidification describes the changes in seawater chemistry that result from the uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide by the ocean. The changes this century are predicted to have profound impacts on marine ecosystems with potential flow-on effects to economic and environmental services the ecosystems provide, including fisheries and aquaculture, coastal protection, and tourism. The Global Ocean Acidification - Observing Network (GOA-ON) has been developed in response to the widespread concern of the impacts of ocean acidification. The network is an internationally coordinated effort, combining ‘bottom up’ collaboration by the research community with ‘top down’ encouragement and support from a range of international bodies and organisations, including the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO-IOC), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). The aim is to provide chemical and biological data from local to global scales that can be used to improve understanding of ocean acidification conditions and ecosystem responses, and to provide uniformly collected and quality-controlled data to assist policy making through research products and model-based projections of ecosystem responses. Capability development is a key aspect of the network. The status and future plans of the GOA-ON initiative will be described – providing the opportunity for additional involvement in its implementation.
Greetings all,
This month’s newsletter is devoted to Data Assimilation and its techniques and progress for operational oceanography.
Gary Brassington is first introducing this newsletter with a paper telling us about the international summer school for “observing,
assimilating and forecasting the ocean” which will be held in Perth, Western Australia in 11-22 January 2010
(http://www.bom.gov.au/bluelink/summerschool/). The course curriculum will include topics covering the leading edge science in
ocean observing systems, as well as the latest methods and techniques for analysis, data assimilation and ocean modeling.
Scientific articles about Data Assimilation are then displayed as follows: The first article by Broquet et al. is dealing with Ocean
state and surface forcing correction using the ROMS-IS4DVAR Data Assimilation System. Then, Cosme et al. are describing the
SEEK smoother as a Data Assimilation scheme for oceanic reanalyses. The next article by Brankart et al. is displaying a synthetic
literature review on the following subject: Is there a simple way of controlling the forcing function of the Ocean? Then Ferry et al.
are telling us about Ocean-Atmosphere flux correction by Ocean Data Assimilation. The last article by Oke et al. is dealing with
Data Assimilation in the Australian BlueLink System.
The next October 2009 newsletter will review the current work on ocean biology and biogeochemistry.
We wish you a pleasant reading!
C4.02: Development of an Integrated Global Water Quality Monitoring and Forec...Blue Planet Symposium
Surface waters are generally viewed as a hydrologic continuum, flowing from inland water sources through estuaries to the open oceans. The GEO Working Group on Earth Observations of Inland and Near-Coastal Waters (WA-01-C4) has organised the Water Quality Summit in Geneva 20-22nd April 2015 with the aim of charting the future of earth observation and in situ measurements based global water quality monitoring and forecasting systems. The relationship to GEO Blue Planet lies in the coastal zone.
There is a crucial need for timely, accurate, and widespread assessment and monitoring and forecasting of inland and near-coastal water quality. However, existing measurement and forecasting capabilities have significant logistical, technical, and economic challenges and constraints, impacting both developed and developing nations. This summit was endorsed by GEO as a part of the water quality task (WA-01-C4) and the GEOSS Water Strategy with the mission to deliver, on a routine and sustained basis, timely, consistent, accurate and fit-for -purpose water quality data products and information to support water resource management and decision making in coastal and inland waters. The Summit goal is to define specific requirements of the water quality system components and develop a plan to implement integrated global end-to-end water quality monitoring and forecasting service. We present the results of this meeting: Development of a strategic implementation and a phased action plan including baseline and threshold service build-outs, with both a short-term and a long-term plan for a global-scale water quality monitoring and forecasting service. Some feedback will be given on the CEOS–GEOSS Water Strategy Implementation plan as well as other international related activities.
Earth Observation - An Eye on the Wild Earth, Admiral Conrad LautenbacherWILD Foundation
Admiral Conrad Lautenbacher, US Navy and (former) Administrator for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration spoke during the Monday (9 November) WILD9 plenary on "Earth Observation - An Eye on the Wild Earth."
The GEOSS is a social and software ecosystem connecting a large array of observing systems, data systems and processing services to strengthen monitoring of the state of the Earth. It facilitates data and information accessibility and interoperability to support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) agenda and the Disaster Risk Reduction.
https://www.geoportal.org/about
C5.04: GO-SHIP: A component of the sustained ocean observing system - Bernade...Blue Planet Symposium
The Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP) brings together scientists with interests in physical oceanography, the carbon cycle, marine biogeochemistry and ecosystems, and other users and collectors of ocean interior data, and coordinates a network of globally sustained hydrographic sections as part of the global ocean/climate observing system including physical oceanography, the carbon cycle, marine biogeochemistry and ecosystems.
GO-SHIP provides approximately decadal resolution of the changes in inventories of heat, freshwater, carbon, oxygen, nutrients and transient tracers, covering the ocean basins from coast to coast and full depth (top to bottom), with global measurements of the highest required accuracy to detect these changes. The GO-SHIP principal scientific objectives are: (1) understanding and documenting the large-scale ocean water property distributions, their changes, and drivers of those changes, and (2) addressing questions of how a future ocean that will increase in dissolved inorganic carbon, become more acidic and more stratified, and experience changes in circulation and ventilation processes due to global warming and altered water cycle.
1. NASA, NOAA, JCOMMOPS, FNMOC, CRT, URK
Keith Alverson
Ocean Observations and Services
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO
2. Outline of this talk
1. What is GOOS
2. Some lessons learned.
3. Developing Arctic and Southern Ocean
regional observing systems
4. Developing a biological module
5. Updating the Equation of State for Seawater
6. Sustaining GOOS
3. GOOS provides
• International and intergovernmental
coordination of sustained ocean observations
• A platform for the generation of
oceanographic products and services
• A forum for interaction between research,
operational, and user communities
4. GOOS is designed to
• Monitor and better understand climate
• Improve weather and climate prediction
• Provide ocean forecasts
• Improve management of marine and coastal
ecosystems and resources
• Mitigate damage from natural hazards and
pollution
• Protect life and property on coasts and at sea
• Enable scientific research
5. GOOS works in partnership with:
IOC, UNEP, WMO and ICSU (Sponsored by)
GEO, CEOS, WIGOS… (Member of)
JCOMM, IODE, GCOS, WCRP (partner programs at IOC)
SCOR, POGO, ICES, PICES, IASC, SCAR, GEOSS, GCOS,
GTOS, Scientific Unions, National Agencies (external
cooperation)
Argo, GLOSS, DBCP, OTN, Regional Alliances (provide
contributions to)
6. GOOS is comprised of:
• A climate module
The GOOS climate module is the ocean component of the
Global Climate Observing System (GCOS)
Advised by the Ocean Observations Panel for Climate (OOPC)
Implemented by member states usually cooperating through the
Joint WMO-IOC Commission for Oceanography and Marine
Meteorology (JCOMM)
• A coastal module
Advised by a Panel on Integrated Coastal Observations (PICO)
Implemented by member states usually cooperating through
GOOS regional alliances.
• Pilot Projects
eg. Arctic, Southern Ocean, Ocean Tracking Network ...
7.
8. Major Accomplishments to date include:
1. Global GOOS. The open ocean observing system
for climate is approximately 60% complete.
Understanding of global climate change has been
substantially enhanced.
2. Coastal GOOS. The coastal ocean observing
system strategy and implementation plans are
approved. National coastal zone management
programs have benefitted from sharing best
practices.
3. Societal Benefits. Relevant components of the
GOOS are used for operational hazard warnings.
9. The ARGO array of profiling floats from 2003 to 2006 -
successful evolution of a pilot project
10. > 3000 Floats
The Argo network has achieved its initial design target.
The Argo network has achieved its initial design target.
Sustaining the network remains a major challenge.
Sustaining the network remains a major challenge.
11. Degree of completion of the initial design targets for the climate
module of the Global Ocean Observing System as of September 2008
as reported to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC).
12. Outline of this talk
1. What is GOOS
2. Some lessons learned
3. Developing Arctic and Southern Ocean
regional observing systems
4. Developing a biological module
5. Updating the Equation of State for Seawater
6. Sustaining GOOS
13. Upper-Ocean “cooling”
Cooling!!!
2003 to 2005
cooling:
-1.0 ± 0.33
W/m2
(Averaged
over Earth’s
surface)
from Lyman et al. (GRL, 2006)
14. Changing Ocean Observing System
Latitud Year
e
Technology changes and bias issues are now being
recognised –
- warm bias in XBT’s (Gouretski and Koltermann, GRL 2007)
- ‘spurious’ recent upper ocean cooling (Lyman et al, GRL
2006) Wijffels et al, in press 2008
15. Some Lessons Learned …
- Thompson et al, 2008: spurious 1945 global temperature
reconstruction drop from UK’s postwar resumption of
uninsulated bucket SST measurements.
Thompson et al, Nature, 2008
18. Degree of completion of the initial design targets for the climate
module of the Global Ocean Observing System as of September 2008
as reported to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC).
19. Lessons learned from ocean climate
monitoring …
Develop sustained and integrated national ocean
observing commitments
National contributions and
commitments were confirmed
at the Intergovernmental
Committee for GOOS (I-
GOOS) meeting June, 2007,
UNESCO/IOC headquarters,
Paris … But governmental
engagement and willingness to
commit multilaterally must be
strengthened.
Alverson and Baker, Science, 314:1657, 2006
24. … Human Impact on Marine Ecosystems is:
substantial, global, but not climate dominated
Halpern et al, Science, 319: 948-52, 2008
25. Operational near real time data stream from the Arctic (left) and
Southern (right) ocean components of the Global Ocean
Observing System reported over the WMO Global
Telecommunication Network in August 2008.
26.
27. Near real time reporting tide gauges monitoring sea level globally
as part of the Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS) on
September 23, 2008 at 15h30 GMT.
28. Prudhoe Bay near real-time tide gauge on September 23, 2008
at 15h30 GMT as captured by the IOC sea level station
monitoring facility.
29. Planned research vessel cruises contained in the POGO
database in late September 2008. Of the four cruises indicated
four had already been completed and one was underway.
31. WHAT existing elements might be brought
together as an initial system?
Bremen, 1-3 October 2007.
St. Petersburg, 5-7 July 2008.
32. Stockholm, 12-14 November 2007
Alberta, 9-11 April 2008 - Engage Governments
St. Petersburg, 7 July 2008 - Russian Community
Helsinki, 15-17 October 2008 - Final Plan
33. Arctic Council Salekhard Declaration 2006
”Urge all Member countries to maintain and extend long term monitoring
of change in all parts of the Arctic, and request AMAP to cooperate with
other AC Working Groups, IASC and other partners in efforts to create a
coordinated Arctic Observing network that meets identified societal
needs”
IOC Executive Council 2008
“GOOS should become engaged with the Southern Ocean Observing
System, the Sustained Arctic Observing Network and Arctic ROOS, with
a view to creating sustained polar observing systems which will grow out
of the successful International Polar Year activities…the Executive
Council decided that consideration of the legacies of the IPY and IYPE
would be put on the Provisional Agenda of the 25th Session of IOC
Assembly (2009)”
34. Human Impact on Marine Ecosystems:
influences nonlinear ecosystem dynamics
Anderson et al, Nature, 452: 835-39, 2008
(this figure from Stenseth and Rouyer, N&V, ibid)
35. Kiribati creates world's largest marine reserve
(14 Feb 2008, Reuters)
Kiribati says it needs more money to pay for
surveillance against illegal fishing as well as develop
a trust fund, possibly as large as $100 million, to pay
for running costs and compensate the government
for lost income from commercial fishing licenses.
36.
37. Higher ocean CO2 leads to Acidification.
www.ocean-acidification.net
By the end of this century, if concentrations of CO2 continue to rise
exponentially, we may expect to see changes in pH that are three times
greater and 100 times faster than those experienced during the
transitions from glacial to interglacial periods. How ecosystems will be
affected is unknown.
44. CoML and OBIS
Observation and population
data for all species of the tuna
genus Thunnus mapped on a
global scale. (Ocean
Biogeographic Information
System - OBIS)
CoML project map
45. HOW might governance and political
commitments be enabled?
GEO-BON?
I-GOOS?
CBD?
GRAME?
47. Bridge the research-operational divide
“A comprehensive ocean observing system simply
cannot exist without the full engagement of the
oceanographic research community”
• improve deployment
opportunities for autonomous
platforms (eg. Argo, drifters)
• facilitate data availability,
archiving
•Ensure high quality
‘research’ data contributes to
the sustained data flow of
GOOS
Alverson, IOC Annual Report, 38-39, 2005
48. Outreach and Communication
No lack of high profile public
interest stories:
Global Warming
Sea level Rise
Red Tides
Pacific Garbage Gyres
Ocean Acidification
Fisheries Collapses
49. Outreach: Better engage governments, the
research community and the private sector.
IAPSO/IAMAS/IACS Joint Assembly, Montreal 19-29 July, 2009
Session J01 – Observations of High Latitude Climate Change
UNFCCC SBSTA (Bonn, 1-12 June, 2009)
and COP (Copenhagen, 1-12 December,
2009).
OceanObs’09 21-25 September, 2009. Venice, Italy
51. Sustain and Integrate
• Avoid being everything for everyone!
• Synergy can be negative. Incentivize!
• GEOSS? WIGOS? SAON?
• UNFCCC COP ? UNESCO Convention?
53. ~ 40% of the planned in-situ GOOS climate network ($)
Polar regions and deep ocean (Technology development, $)
Developing countries (Capacity building, $)
Non-physical variables (Users, Technology development, $)
Integrated data products (Users, $)
Real time operations (Technology development, $)
Sustainability - eg ARGO network, Satellite altimeters ($)
Integration with other systems (Users)
54. Near real time reporting tide gauges monitoring sea level globally
as part of the Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS) on
September 23, 2008 at 15h30 GMT
(www.vliz.be/gauges/map.php).
56. Planned research vessel cruises contained in the POGO
database in late September 2008. Of the four cruises indicated
four had already been completed and one was underway.
57. Adoption by Governments, then …
Past UNESCO/IOC
Standards
Practical salinity scale 1978 and the international equation of 1981
state of seawater 1980.
Algorithms for computation of fundamental properties of 1983
seawater
Salinity and density of seawater: Tables for high salinities (42- 1991
50)
58. Who will needs to adopt the new equation of
state for seawater?
Researchers. Including individual data
collectors and modelers in physical, chemical
and biological oceanography as well as
climatologists. Also scientific unions. Minimal
United Nations (IOC) role.
Industry. A broad range of companies
including data collectors and modelers. Could
potentially effect manufacturers of salinity
measuring devices. Minimal United Nations
(IOC) role.
Governments. Including national
oceanographic, environmental, fisheries and
research agencies as well as navies. Lead
United Nations (IOC) role.
60. Adoption by the Scientific Community
Pathway to Adoption
① IAPSO/SCOR Working Group WG 127 on
thermodynamics and equation of state of report.
② Peer reviewed publications.
③ Endorsement of scientific unions such as SCOR, IAPSO,
AGU Ocean Sciences, IAPWS, ...
④ Community uptake. “Best Practices” or “Guidelines” are
more palatable in some research communities (experience
of carbon community) than “Standards”
Potential Concerns
① Scientists don’t like to fix anything that isn’t clearly
broken.
② Different adoption tasks, and hence different responses, are
likely from Data vs Modeling communities and from
physical vs chemical oceanographers, from climatologists
vs process researchers.
61. Adoption by Industry
Industry might either lead or follow
researchers or governments
The bottom line will always be profit
A panoply of industries including
offshore drilling, aquaculture and
coastal zone management.
If a new absolute salinity unit (in g/kg)
replaces the existing conductivity based
unit, manufacturers of CTD’s, Argo
floats, Marine mammal tags, would be
potentially effected.
63. Adoption by Governments
Roadmap to Adoption
① Call for comment by relevant, standing IOC expert groups
from October to December 2008.
② Assuming no major objections, IOC secretariat to work
with WG 127, leaders of IOC subsidiary bodies and
interested Member States to prepare a Draft Resolution by
4/2009.
③ IOC Member States to consider and (hopefully) resolve to
adopt the new equation of state 6/2009
④ Leaders of WG 127 to write the IOC technical manual and
web based server for codes/algorithms by 1 January 2010.
⑤ IOC Secretariat publishes, distributes to Member States,
64. Adoption by Governments
Potential Benefits
① An intergovernmental agreement will
help catalyze implementation by some
national ocean services.
② A resolution by IOC/UNESCO, the body
that adopted the currently used equation
of state, will help clarify that the new one
Potential Concerns the old one.
formally replaces
① IOC Assembly Members don’t represent
all relevant Government Agencies. This is
a national level concern that only
individual governments must deal with.
② IOC Resolutions are not binding, so there
is no guarantee that Members will follow
through with their resolve. This is true for
many modern multilateral organizations
65. How to promote…
White paper and presentation at OceanObs09
(www.oceanobs09.net), 21-25 September 2009 ?
Relevant websites and mailing lists ?
Poster/Display at major meetings (AGU, OS,
IAPSO, etc) ?
66. HOW might commitments be enabled?
GEO? WIGOS?
IOC/WMO/UNEP/ICSU?
Regional: GRAs? Arctic Council?
UNEP regional seas conventions?