This document discusses energy flow in ecosystems through food chains and webs. It explains that producers like plants get energy from sunlight through photosynthesis and are eaten by primary consumers like herbivores. Higher level consumers like carnivores obtain energy by eating other animals. The amount of available energy decreases at each level of the food chain from producers to primary, secondary and tertiary consumers. This is illustrated through the energy pyramid which shows that more organisms are needed at lower trophic levels to sustain fewer organisms at higher levels.

1. How does energy flow
between organisms in
an ecosystem?
Chapter 4: Lesson 2:

2. LIFE PROCESSES
Looking at living things

3. Living things
Although all living things look different
from each other, they all have seven
things in common.
These seven things are called life
processes.
Something is only alive if it does all
seven processes.

4. THE SEVEN LIFE PROCESSES

5. 1
All living things move

6.  Animals move their
whole bodies to get
from one place to
another.
 Plants turn towards
the light and their
roots grow down
into the soil.

7. 2
All living things reproduce

8. Animals have babies.
New plants grow
from seeds.

9. 3
All living things are
sensitive

10. All living things respond
to changes. Living things
notice changes in their
surroundings and react
to them.
Ex. Plants grow towards
the light.
Ex. People react to the
temperature around
them.

11. 4
All living things need
nutrition

12. Food is used to provide energy.
Green plants make their own
food using sunlight.
Animals eat plants or other
animals.

13. 5
All living things excrete

14. Waste substances
must be removed
from the body.
Plants and animals
both need to get rid
of waste gas and
water.

15. 6
All living things respire

16. Plants and animals
use the oxygen in
the air to turn food
into energy.

17. 7
All living things
grow

18. Babies grow into
adults.
Seedlings grow into
plants.

19. The seven life processes
1 Move
2 Reproduce
3 Sensitive
4 Nutrition
5 Excrete
6 Respire
7 Grow

20. Use the first letter from each
process to help you remember
them.
Move
Reproduce
Sensitive
Nutrition
Excrete
Respire
Grow
They spell MRS NERG

21. This is MRS NERG !
Can you remember
what each of the
letters in her name
stand for ?

22. Organism
Is one living thing

23. All organisms need:
Energy
(Power)

24. Organisms get
energy from food.

25. Types of organisms
Producers Consumers
Decomposers

26. Make their own food.
1) Producers
Example:
Plants

27. Roots: takes
water and
nutrients from
the soil.
Leaves: takes
sunlight, air,
water and
nutrients and
makes the
plants food
(photosynthesis).
Stem: takes
water and
nutrients from
the roots and
sends it to the
leaves.
Flower

28. Photosynthesis
process
Substances that plants and
animals need to grow and stay
healthy.

29. Eat plants, animals or
both.
2) Consumers

30. Herbivores
Types of
Consumers
Carnivores
Omnivores

31. Animals do not make
their own food.
Some animals eats plants:
Example:
Panda eats bamboo Caterpillar eats leaves
They are called herbivores

32. Some animals eats other animals
Example:
Puffin eats fish Owls eats rat
They are called carnivores

33. Some animals eats both plants and
animals.
Example:
Bears eat both
They are called Omnivores

34. Is an organism that
breaks down dead
plants and animals
3) Decomposers
Example:
Worms, bacteria and fungi

36. Living things need one another to survive.

37. The above drawing shows a food chain.

38. A FOOD CHAIN:
Shows the flow of energy from one organism
to another.

39. Examples of food chains:

41. A FOOD WEBis:
Made up of many food chains connected.

43. In a food chain there are
Preys Predatorsand
Animals that
are eaten
Animals that
eat the prey

44. What is competition?
When animals compete
(struggle) with other animals for
their food, water and shelter to
survive.

45. Energy pyramid

46.  It shows the amount of energy in an ecosystem.
 Producers are always at the bottom of the pyramid.
 The next level of the pyramid shows herbivore. It must eat a
lot to stay alive because small amount ( 10% ) of a plant’s
energy passes to the herbivore.
 Omnivore and carnivore takes the next levels of the
pyramid. They take small amount
 10% ) of the herbivore’s energy to pass.
 The pyramid also shows how many plants or animals in each
level. This tells how many plants or animals are needed to
feed the animal at each level of the pyramid.