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The Need for Ice Detection
       Standards

       By Mr Jarkko Latonen, Labkotec
          in collaboration with VTT
Abstract and poster presentation at Winterwind 2012
Ice Detection is Needed in Wind Turbines
•   To detect when ice build-up starts
•   To prevent dangerous ice-throw
•   To prevent energy loss
•   To protect the wind turbine
How to ensure that ice detection works?
There should be
• certification rules
• standards and
• published best practices
for icing or ice detection tests
Labkotec’s Pre-Certification process
      for LID-3300IP Ice Detector
Labkotec wanted to
• Ensure that LID-3300IP meets
  standards demanded by modern
  wind energy operators and
• Express the need for standards
Neutral Third Party for Testing

• Selected partner VTT, Technical Research
  Centre of Finland due to extensive know-how in
  icing and ice detection
Evaluation Method Development
• In-house methods developed by VTT
• Based on ice detection time in
  “standard” icing conditions
• Pre-certification process to be the
  precursor to the formal Ice Detection
  Standard
Test Methods
• Tests conducted in VTT’s icing wind
  tunnel, which fulfils the standard icing
  conditions
• Time calculated from icing conditions start
  to detector alarm
• Simultaneously the ice build-up on blades
  was calculated
Test Conditions

• Temperature = -5 °C
• Droplet size = 17 µm
• Wind speed = 10 m/s
Calculation Methods
• Ice accretion calculations on wind turbine
  blades were conducted with TURBICE
  software
• Ice mass and thickness on blades were
  calculated and measured when LID-
  3300IP ice detector gave an alarm
Simulated Wind Turbine
• Typical multi-megawatt turbine
• Blade length 44 m
Test Results
• LID-3300IP gave an ice alarm in average in 45
  min after icy conditions started
• Ice mass on blades at alarm point 18 kg
• Ice thickness at alarm point
   – Up to 1,3 cm at 85% radius
   – Average ice thickness 1 cm
   – Ice formed only on leading edge
• No large variations between the tests
Conclusions
• There is reliable link between LID-
  3300IP alarm and ice build-up on
  wind turbine blades
• It’s feasible to create common
  standard and certification rules for
  ice detection
Recommendations
• The ice detection standards should be created
• Common agreement on “standard” icy
  conditions and best practices
• Helps wind turbine industry in ice detector
  selection without time consuming and weather
  dependent tests
Contact Information
• Technical questions Mr Jarkko Latonen
  Tel.: +358 40 56 01 558,
  E-mail: jarkko.latonen@labkotec.fi

• Commercial questions Mr Ole Martola
  Tel.: +358 50 56 75 919,
  E-mail: ole.martola@labkotec.fi

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The need for ice detection standards Jarkko Latonen, Labkotec

  • 1. The Need for Ice Detection Standards By Mr Jarkko Latonen, Labkotec in collaboration with VTT Abstract and poster presentation at Winterwind 2012
  • 2. Ice Detection is Needed in Wind Turbines • To detect when ice build-up starts • To prevent dangerous ice-throw • To prevent energy loss • To protect the wind turbine
  • 3. How to ensure that ice detection works? There should be • certification rules • standards and • published best practices for icing or ice detection tests
  • 4. Labkotec’s Pre-Certification process for LID-3300IP Ice Detector Labkotec wanted to • Ensure that LID-3300IP meets standards demanded by modern wind energy operators and • Express the need for standards
  • 5. Neutral Third Party for Testing • Selected partner VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland due to extensive know-how in icing and ice detection
  • 6. Evaluation Method Development • In-house methods developed by VTT • Based on ice detection time in “standard” icing conditions • Pre-certification process to be the precursor to the formal Ice Detection Standard
  • 7. Test Methods • Tests conducted in VTT’s icing wind tunnel, which fulfils the standard icing conditions • Time calculated from icing conditions start to detector alarm • Simultaneously the ice build-up on blades was calculated
  • 8. Test Conditions • Temperature = -5 °C • Droplet size = 17 µm • Wind speed = 10 m/s
  • 9. Calculation Methods • Ice accretion calculations on wind turbine blades were conducted with TURBICE software • Ice mass and thickness on blades were calculated and measured when LID- 3300IP ice detector gave an alarm
  • 10. Simulated Wind Turbine • Typical multi-megawatt turbine • Blade length 44 m
  • 11. Test Results • LID-3300IP gave an ice alarm in average in 45 min after icy conditions started • Ice mass on blades at alarm point 18 kg • Ice thickness at alarm point – Up to 1,3 cm at 85% radius – Average ice thickness 1 cm – Ice formed only on leading edge • No large variations between the tests
  • 12. Conclusions • There is reliable link between LID- 3300IP alarm and ice build-up on wind turbine blades • It’s feasible to create common standard and certification rules for ice detection
  • 13. Recommendations • The ice detection standards should be created • Common agreement on “standard” icy conditions and best practices • Helps wind turbine industry in ice detector selection without time consuming and weather dependent tests
  • 14. Contact Information • Technical questions Mr Jarkko Latonen Tel.: +358 40 56 01 558, E-mail: jarkko.latonen@labkotec.fi • Commercial questions Mr Ole Martola Tel.: +358 50 56 75 919, E-mail: ole.martola@labkotec.fi