2.1 Understand problem solving concept

Chapter 2:
Problem Solving Methods
2.1 Understand problem solving
concept
FP101

WEEK 4
CLO 1
Explain the basic computer and
programming fundamentals with
appropriate examples of language and
technology
Chapter 2:
Problem Solving Methods
2.1 Understand problem
solving concept

Problem Solving Concept
•Problem solving in Everyday Life
- people make decisions everyday to solve problems that affect
their lives
- problem maybe unimportant or maybe important
- if a bad decision is made, time and resources are wasted

• There are six steps to follow to assure the best decision
Identify the problem
Understand the problem
Identify alternatives ways to solve the problem
Evaluate the solution
Select the best way to solve the problem from the list of alternative solutions
List instructions that enable you to solve the problem using the selected solution
1
2
3
4
5
6

• There are six steps to follow to assure the best decision:
a) Identify the problem
- make sure you identify the problem before you
start solving the problem.
b) Understand the problem
- includes understanding the knowledge base
of the person or machine for whom you are
solving the problem

• There are six steps to follow to assure the best decision
c) Identify alternatives ways to solve the problem
- the list should be as complete as possible
d) Select the best way to solve the problem from the list of
alternative solution
- you need to identify and evaluate the pros and cons
of each possible solution before selecting the best
one

• There are six steps to follow to assure the best decision:
e) List instructions that enable you to solve the
problem using the selected solution
- this step-by-step instructions must fall within
the knowledge base set up in step 2
f) Evaluate the solution
- check its result to see if it is correct, and to see if it
satisfies the needs of the person with the problem

• Exercise
• In a group of 2 members, by using the six steps
• mentioned earlier, try to solve the problem of what to do on
this Saturday evening.

• Types of problem
- problems do not always have straightforward solutions
- some problems can be solved with a series of actions.
- This solutions are called algorithmic solutions.
- solutions that cannot be reached through a direct set of steps are
called heuristic solutions

• Problem solving with computer
- computer are built to dealt with algorithmic
solutions
- fields of computer that deals with heuristic types of
problems is called artificial intelligent

• Difficulty with problem solving
- some have not been taught how to solve problems.
- some are afraid to make a decision for fear it will be the
wrong one
- often, when people go through the problem solving
process, they complete one or more of the steps
inadequately
- when solving problems on the computer, one of the
most difficult tasks for the problem solver is writing the
instructions.

• Types of problems that can be solved on computer are:
a) computational – problems involving some kind of
mathematical processing
b) logical – problems involving relational or logical
processing
c) repetitive – problems involving repeating a set of
mathematical and /or logical instructions

Input, Process and Output
• Information processing cycle is the sequence of events in
processing information which includes:
a) input – entering data into the computer
b) processing – performing operations on data
c) output – presenting the results

Questions:
Identify input, process and output based on the problem given.
Question 1
Find a student average mark given mark1 and mark2.

Question 2
Calculate the salary of an employee who works hourly basis. The
formula to be used is Salary = hour works * pay rate
Question 3
Calculate the total fine charged by library for
late-return books. The charge is RM0.20 for 1 day

Question 4
You had bought a nice shirt which cost RM29.90
with 15% discount. Count the nett price for the shirt
Question 5
An electronics factory workers who are paid salaries by the number
of hours worked is RM2.50 per hour. Total income earned will be cut
by 10% for their KWSP contributions. Calculate the net income earned
by an employee.

Question 6
Mr. Kamal wish to buy USB storage Kingston brand to be circulated
to DIP’s student. The Price for USB unit storage is RM40.00 each.
How many ringgit needs to be paid by Mr. Kamal to that shop owner
after being given discount as much as 15%.

Answer:
Question 1
Input : mark1 and mark2
Process : calculate average mark using formula:
average mark=(mark1+mark2)/2
Output : average mark

• Answer:
• Question 2
Input: hour works, pay rate
Process: calculate salary using formula:
Salary= hour works x pay rate
Output: Salary

Answer:
Question 3
Input: days late
Process: calculate the total fine charged by
library using formula:
Total fine = days late x 0.20
Output: Total fine

Answer:
Question 4
Input: shirt cost
Process:
1. Calculate discount price using formula:
discount price = 0.15 x shirt cost
2. Calculate total price after discount using formula:
total price = shirt cost – discount price
Output: discount price, total price

Answer:
Question 5
Input: workers name, hours work
Process:
1. calculate the gross salary using formula:
Gross salary = hours work x 2.50
2. calculate KWSP using formula:
KWSP= 0.10 x Gross salary
3. calculate net income using formula:
net income= Gross salary-KWSP
Output: Gross salary, KWSP, net income

• Answer:
• Question 6
• Input: unit price, number of students
• Process:
• 1. calculate the actual price before discount using formula: actual
price = unit price x number of students
• 2. calculate discount price using formula:
• discount price= 0.15 x actual price
• 3. calculate students price using formula:
• student price=(actual price-discount price)/number of students
• Output: actual price, discount price, student price

2.1 Understand problem solving concept

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