The document provides an overview of the major art movements in the 20th century. It discusses how modern art reflected the changing times with cameras making realistic art obsolete and mass production making art marketable. Artists valued originality over beauty and would shock audiences if they couldn't please them. Key movements discussed include Fauvism, Cubism, Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, and Post-Modernism. Major artists from each movement like Picasso, Kandinsky, Pollock, and Warhol are also mentioned.

1. 20 th Century Art

2. Why is it so… weird? Think of how much and how quickly the world has changed in the last 110 years. Modern art is a reflection of that turbulence. Cameras make realistic art obsolete. Mass production makes art marketable

3. Like the mannerists who followed Michelangelo and co., the artists of the 20 th century valued originality and innovation over just beauty. If you can’t please the public, shock it. Realistic doesn’t equal “good” art. Instead, go back to the 4 questions: What do I see? What do I know about what I see? What was the artist trying to do/say? How successful was he/she?

4. The Moderns 1900-1914 Matisse Not realistic Simple lines & figures Bright colors Not concerned about distance /three-dimensionality La Danse , 1910

5. Fauves “Wild Beasts” French artists Inspired by African and Oceanic art = Modern art that looks primitive Derain, Landscape at Cassis, 1907

6. Pablo Picasso 1881-1973

7. The master of many styles and mediums Early paintings are very realistic The most famous and the greatest artist of the 20 th century Science and Charity , 1897

8. Painted the outcasts of society; lived in total poverty. Went through periods of color dominance: The Blue Period The Rose Period With his friend, Georges Braque, developed Cubism Life , 1903

9. Cubism Shatter a glass sculpture, pick up the pieces, glue them on a canvas = Cubism! Shows several different perspectives of the same subject at the same time Like a round world sliced up to show all the parts. (Remember, this is the same time that Einstein’s coming up with the theory of relativity/the 4 th dimension!) Background and foreground overlap, the subject dissolves into pattern.

10. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon 1907

11. Carafe, Jug, and Fruit Bowl 1909

12. L’Accordeoniste , 1911

14. Guernica 1937 On April 27, 1937, Franco (Spain’s dictator) gave Hitler permission to test their new air bombs on a village in northern Spain, Guernica. When Picasso read accounts of it in the newspapers, he immediately began the plans for the 286 square-foot mural, Guernica.

15. Guernica

16. Abstract Art Simplifies things – a man = a stick figure, a squiggle = a wave, red = anger It’s about symbolism, capturing the essence of reality in a few lines and colors Think “visual music” (this is when jazz was developed in America)

17. Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944) Patterns that are just beautiful, even if they don’t “mean” anything Composition VII , 1913

18. Piet Mondrain (1872-1944) Composition with Yellow, Blue and Red, 1937-1942 Painting at its most basic elements: black lines + white canvas + primary colors

19. Henry Moore 1898-1986 “Carved the human body with the epic scale and restless poses of Michelangelo but with the crude rocks and simple lines of the Primitives.”

20. Expressionism WWI left 10 million dead and killed the optimism and faith in mankind that lead Europe since the Renaissance. Postwar Europe = Cynicism and decadence Artists “expressed” their disgust by showing a distorted reality that emphasized the ugly. - Lurid colors and simplified figures of the Fauves, but with a haunted, harsh tone.

21. The Scream , Edvard Munch, 1893 (during the Post-Impressionist period, but still a model of Expressionism)

22. Compare the two versions of terror, less than 75 years apart.

23. Dada Artistic grief became twisted humor + resentment of the bourgeoisie/pompous intellectuals = Art that is outrageous, offensive, and meant to give traditional culture the finger.

24. Fountain , Marcel Duchamp, 1917

25. Duchamp Nude Descending a Stair No. 2 1912

26. Surrealism “Beyond realism” – a mixed bag of reality A juxtaposition of images that you have to try to connect. If it doesn’t connect, then the artist has still forced you to think in new ways = success! Sigmund Freud also came along, introducing the idea of the subconscious and the importance of dreams.

27. Salvador Dali (1904-1989) Most famous surrealist Painted, with amazing realism, “random” objects to create an emotional punch.

28. Dali, Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening , 1944

29. Dali, Madonna of Port Lligat , 1940

30. Dali, The Persistence of Memory , 1931

31. Rene Magritte 1898-1967 The Son of Man , 1964

32. The Treachery of Images , 1929

34. M.C. Escher (1898-1972) Drawing Hands , 1948

35. Relativity, 1953

36. A Blending Keep in mind that most artists worked in a variety of styles. For example…

37. Guernica = A blend of Surrealism and Cubism

38. Marc Chagall (1887-1985) I and the Village, 1911 Cubism + Fauvism + Expressionism

39. And then… World War II Art = Propaganda

40. Abstract Expressionism Expressing emotions using only color and form The act of creation becomes more important than the final product

41. Jackson Pollock, The She Wolf , 1943

42. Pollock, Silver over Black, White, Yellow, and Red , 1948

43. Pop Art The consumer = king! Art created from “pop”-ular objects, mocking pop culture by embracing it.

44. Andy Warhol (1928-1987) Campbell’s Soup Cans , 1962 Marilyn Monroe , 1962

45. Ray Lichtenstein (1923-1997) Drowning Girl , 1963

46. Post-Modernism 1970-present Art = big business Every object can be artistic, it just depends on context

47. Installations : An artist takes over an entire room Assemblages : Recycle trash into larger sculptures Natural Objects : Art from nature’s objects Conceptual Art : The idea/concept is the key Deconstruction: Changing the familiar/Put a familiar object in a new setting Interaction : Viewer participation Performance Art : Mixed-media live performance

48. Installation Art Rachel Whiteread, Embankment , 2005

49. Assemblages Raoul Hausmann, Mechanical Head , 1920

50. Natural Art Robert Smithson, Spiral Jetty (The Great Salt Lake), 1970

51. Conceptual Art Joseph Kosuth, One and Three Chairs , 1965

52. Christo and Jean-Claude, The Gates , 2005 Christo and Jean-Claude, The Umbrellas , 1991 Deconstruction

54. Christo’s Proposed “ Over the River” Colorado Project (2013?)

55. Interactive Art Marina Abramovic

56. Performance Art Video Clips: Over the Moon , from the play Rent , Jonathan Larsen Paintjam , Dan Dunn Frozen Grand Central , ImprovEverywhere