This document provides an overview of Fauvism and Expressionism. It discusses key Fauvist artists like Henri Matisse and their use of bright, unnatural colors. It then covers major Expressionist artists like Edvard Munch, Franz Marc, Marc Chagall, and their use of distortion, emotion, and non-realistic styles to express inner feelings and experiences impacted by events like World War I. Expressionist works explored themes like mental illness, anxiety, and the horrors of war through bold styles that broke from realism and natural color.

1. FAUVISM
&
EXPRESSIONISM
Presentation by SANA HORANI

2. FAUVISIM (1904-1907)
◦ The term ‘fauve’ is French for ‘wild beast’
◦ It was first used by a critic in Paris in 1905 to deride the work of a group of artists
who used color and paint with great freedom; distorting the natural appearance of their
subjects.
◦ similar to post-Impressionist like Gauguin and Van Gogh, but their use of colors were
much more loose. Although the Fauve artists shared many interests and ideas for a
short period (1904-07), they were never a formal group and each worked in a highly
individual style.
◦ 1905 was the year that the Salon d’Automne happened. Critics saw the canvases in
front of them not as art, but rather as an ‘explosion of violence’ on the canvas. As one
critic, Camille Mauclair, said “[It is] a pot of colors flung in the face of the public.”

3. Henri Mattisse
(1869-1954)
◦ The Master of Colour, He was born in northern France , study at
the Ecole des Beaux-Arts and in Moreau’s studio.
◦ His mentor said to Matisse that, “You are going to simplify
painting.”
◦ Matisse was slower and more methodical in his approach to art
where he focused his study on light and texture within a limited
palette. This allowed him to later overcome problems of color and
surface patterning
◦ mastery of the expressive language of color and drawing
◦ Matisse drew and painted from nature, subjects painted most
frequently by both artists were women and still life
1904 Oil on canvas

4. Woman with a Hat, 1905.
San Francisco Museum of
Modern Art
o it depicts Matisse's
wife, Amelie
o exhibited with the
work of André Derain,
Maurice de Vlaminck,
and several other
artists, now known as
"Fauves" at the 1905
Salon d'Automne
o works on display were
condemn ed by many—
"A pot of paint has
been flung in the face of
the public", declared the
critic Camille Mauclair
The Open Window.

5. The Dessert: Harmony in Red (The Red Room) (1908)
follows the Impressionism with the
overall lack of a central focal point.
The painting was ordered as
"Harmony in Blue," but Matisse was
dissatisfied with the result, and so he
painted it over with his preferred red

6. inspired by a similar illusion in Michelangelo's Last Judgment,
again in the Sistine Chapel and first revealed on EPPH, Matisse's
self-caricature in Dance II is drawn like the ones he so often
added to postcards and letters home (right). The figure's fertile
breasts become his glasses while the contour of her rib-cage
becomes the artist's nose, its length determined by the shaded fold
of skin below her ribs. Matisse, though, could define his face with
glasses and beard alone, the latter here conveyed by the curved
lines of her voluminous abdomen

7. Portrait de famille (The Music Lesson), oil on
canvas, 245.1 x 210.8 cm
1913, Portrait of the Artist's Wife,
oil on canvas, 146 x 97.7 cm, Hermitage
Zorah on the Terrace, 1912,
oil on canvas

9. It was one of six paintings in the museum's
collection to survive World War II.
Still Life with Geraniums 1910 Odalisque with Raised Arms 1923
Annelies, White Tulips and
Anemones1944
During the early to mid-1940s Matisse was in poor health.
Eventually by 1950 he stopped painting in favor of his paper
cutouts. This is an example of one of the final group of oil
paintings in Matisse's career
The Snail, 1953,
Gouache on paper, cut
and pasted, on white
paper

10. Six Dancers by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner-1911

11. Key’s of Expressionism
◦ Bold, strong colors
◦ Not about realism
◦ Emotion
◦ Connection between artist and work or viewer and work
◦ Distortion
◦ 2-D subjects

12. More to Know!
◦ Influenced by society, changes in society.
◦ Swirling, Swaying, and exaggerated brushstrokes.
◦ Art came from within.
◦ All affected by WW1
◦ Trying to shock
◦ “Art is nothing but the expression of our dream; the more we surrender to
it the closer we get to the inner truth of things, our dream-life, the true life
that scorns questions and does not see them.” -Franz Marc

13. Edvard Munch
1863 – 1944,
◦ Norwegian artist, painter and printmaker is regarded as a pioneer in the
Expressionist movement in modern painting.
◦ .lived in France, embarking on the most productive, and troubled, period of
his artistic life. At this stage he undertook a series of paintings he called the
Frieze of Life. He created 22 works with paintings bearing such titles as
Melancholy ,Jealousy, Despair, Anxiety and The Scream
◦ Munch‘s mental state was on full display, and his style varied greatly
depending on which emotion had taken hold of him while working on each
particular painting.
◦ Collection was a huge success and Munch found brief happiness in a life
made up of excessive drinking, family misfortune & mental distress.
◦ Success didn‘t end his inner demons, and in 1908, hearing voices and
suffering paralysis on one side, he checked himself into a private sanitarium,
where he drank less and regained some mental composure.

14. The Scream by Edvard Munch-1893
“Nature is not only all that is visible to the eye… it
also includes the inner pictures of the soul.” -Edvard
Munch

15. Four years he had suffered from
anxiety, excessive drinking,
hallucinations and feelings of
persecution.
"Illness, insanity, and death
were the black angels that
kept watch over my cradle and
accompanied me all my life,"
The Scream

17. Self portrait with cigarette
1895, oil on canvas
Self portrait with skeleton arm
1895
Self portrait in hell
1903

18. Women’s emotional psyche
Puberty 1894-5
Oil on canvas
Morning 1884 Oil on canvas
Madonna 1894
Oil on canvas
Weeping nude 1913

19. The dead mother and child, 1897
The separation
1900
Eye in eye
The starry night
1922-24

20. Franz Marc 1880-1960
o German artist ,painter and printmaker one of key figures in German
Expressionist movement and a pioneer in the birth of abstract art
o Constant thematic concern is the relationship between animal and
human spheres and that through animals he could represent his own
spiritual feeling.
o 1911 developed a symbolism for his use of color (ascribed spirituality
and maleness to blue, femininity and sensuality to yellow ,and
terrestrial materiality and violence to red)
o 1936-37, the Nazis condemned Marcas a degenerate artist
approximately 130 of his works be taken from exhibit in German
museums.
o 1913 Marc was increasingly organizing his vision with an abstract
vocabulary – this abstract mode unified his subject matter while
reducing the essence.
o In March 1916 he was killed instantly when he was struck in the head
by a shell splinter.
o establish a critically important step in the transition to Cubism.
Expressionism

21. Franz Marc married a lady called Maria Frank. Maria had
a happy personality. The frolicking yellow cow may be a
symbol of Maria Frank
placed diagonal lines behind the cow to give the picture a more
energetic feeling.

22. Dog Lying in the Snow 1910
The Tiger 1914
animals were pure in nature, not like people who are capable of doing terrible things…..

23. The Frightened Deer. 1913

24. Fate of the Animals by Franz Marc-1913

25. Marc Chagall
1887-1985
o Russian-Jewish artist, created works in virtually every artistic
medium, including painting, book illustrations, stained glass, stage
sets, ceramic, tapestries and fine art prints.
o he painted some of his most famous paintings of his Jewish
village.
o His style showed strong and bright colors to portray the world in a
dream like state.
o Fantasy, nostalgia, and religion began to fuse together to create
otherworldly images.
o Chagalls horror over the Nazi rise to power is expressed in works
depicting Jewish martyrs and refugees.
o inspired by themes from the Bible ,culminated in a series of over
100 etchings illustrating the Bible, stained glass in temples, etc.
many of which incorporate elements from folklore and from
religious life in Russia.
o He synthesized the art forms of Cubism, Symbolism, and
Fauvism, and then gave rise to Surrealism

26. Chagall’s paintings used rich colors, geometric shapes,
symbols, and farm animals to create abstract dreamlike images
and daily events
Art Before World War I
Woman with a Bouqet
Adam and Eve

27. Art During World War I
began to use somber and bland hues. The war
increased Chagall's interest in reality, it lacked the
fanciful quality associated with his artistic style
Wounded Soldier
“The Praying Jew”

28. Art After World War I
later work was greatly infused with strong religious overtones and
regained its unreal style,
he also painted his deceased wife many times “Bella with White
Collar”
“Bella with White
“The Rooster

29. Chagall Windows

30. I and the Village
The Green Violinist
Many find it hard to classify Chagall’s artwork but nearly everyone
knows their greatness

31. Other Forms of Expressionism
◦ Literature
◦ Drama
-New approach to staging, scene design and directing.
-Totally unified stage
◦ Film
◦ Music
-Atonal (distorts traditional tonality.)
-Unrecognizable melody

32. The End to Expressionism
◦ Hitler (1933)
◦ The Degenerate Art Exhibition (1937)
◦ Continued to evolve in a variety of ways
◦ Resurfaced in art across the world