Modern art began in the 1860s and encompassed new styles and philosophies that rejected traditions of the past. Artists experimented with new materials, techniques, and theories of how art should represent the world. Major developments included Impressionism in the late 19th century, which focused on capturing light and color, Post-Impressionism, Expressionism, Cubism, Dadaism, Surrealism, Abstract art, Pop art, and Optical art in the early-mid 20th century. These movements further rejected conventions and emphasized subjective experience, fragmented forms, and imagery from dreams.

1. Modern Art
• Includes artistic works produced during the period
extending roughly from the 1860’s to the 1970’s and
denotes the style and philosophy of the art produced
during that era.
• It is associated with art in which the traditions of the
past have been thrown aside in a spirit of
experimentation
• Modern artist experimented with new ways of seeing
and with the fresh ideas about the nature of materials
and function art.

2. Modern Art
• Some historians of modern art link the beginning of
modern painting to the French Revolution in 1789
• Mid-15th Century some artists choose to use new
subjects, materials, and techniques that signalled a
radical change from a medieval past
• One-Point Linear Perspective is one of the development
in modern art during the mid-15th century. It altered the
face of painting completely.
• Late 18th century begins with the changes in the
representation of space

3. Modern Art
• 19th Century modern art was objected to Academic Art
 The subject matter did not represent life as it
really was
 The manner in which subjects were rendered did
not reflect reality as it was observed be the
naked eyes.
In 1648, The Academic Royale de Peintureet de Sculpture
established the so-called Academic Art whose style and
subject matter where derived from conventions

4. Modern Art Painters Uses:
• New Materials
• New Techniques of Painting
• Developed new Theories in Art
 How art reflect the perceived world
 What their functions as artist should be

5. Edouard Manet
(1832-1883)
French painter who
broke new ground by
defying traditional
techniques of
representation and by
choosing subjects
from the events and
circumstances of his
own time.
Battle between the Confederate blockade
runner Alabama and the Union's Kearsarge in
the harbour of Cherbourg

6. The Artist's Studio, showing Gustave Courbet at the easel, oil on
canvas by Courbet, 1855; in the Musée d'Orsay, Paris.

7. Realism
in the arts, the accurate, detailed, unembellished depiction of
nature or of contemporary life. Realism rejects imaginative
idealization in favour of a close observation of outward
appearances. As such, realism in its broad sense has comprised
many artistic currents in different civilizations.

8. Daumier, Honoré
prolific French caricaturist, painter,
and sculptor especially renowned for
his cartoons and drawings satirizing
19th-century French politics and
society. His paintings, though hardly
known during his lifetime, helped
introduce techniques of
Impressionism into modern art.

9. “At the Palais de Justice,” gouache on paper by Honoré Daumier; in the
Musée du Petit Palais, Paris

10. Impressionism
Impressionist painting comprises the work produced
between about 1867 and 1886 by a group of artists
who shared a set of related approaches and
techniques. The most conspicuous characteristic of
Impressionism in painting was an attempt to accurately
and objectively record visual reality in terms of
transient effects of light and colour.

11. French painter who was the initiator, leader, and unswerving
advocate of the Impressionist style. In his mature works, Monet
developed his method of producing repeated studies of the
same motif in series, changing canvases with the light or as his
interest shifted.
Claude Monet

12. Women in the Garden, oil on
canvas by Claude Monet,
1866–67; in the Louvre, Paris.

13. Poppies; near Argenteuil, oil on canvas by Claude Monet, 1873; in the
Musée d'Orsay, Paris

14. The Post-Impressionists rejected this limited aim in
favour of more ambitious expression, admitting their
debt, however, to the pure, brilliant colours of
Impressionism, its freedom from traditional subject
matter, and its technique of defining form with short
brushstrokes of broken colour.
Post - Impressionism
Impressionism was based, in its strictest sense, on
the objective recording of nature in terms of the
fugitive effects of colour and light.

15. Painter, founder of the 19th-century French school of
Neo-Impressionism whose technique for portraying the
play of light using tiny brushstrokes of contrasting colours
became known as Pointillism. Using this technique, he
created huge compositions with tiny, detached strokes of
pure colour too small to be distinguished when looking at
the entire work but making his paintings shimmer with
brilliance.
Seurat, Georges

16. artistic style in which the artist seeks to depict not objective
reality but rather the subjective emotions and responses that
objects and events arouse within a person. The artist
accomplishes this aim through distortion, exaggeration,
primitivism, and fantasy and through the vivid, jarring, violent, or
dynamic application of formal elements. In a broader sense
Expressionism is one of the main currents of art in the later 19th
and the 20th centuries, and its qualities of highly subjective,
personal, spontaneous self-expression are typical of a wide range
of modern artists and art movements.
Expressionism

17. Norwegian painter and printmaker whose intensely
evocative treatment of psychological themes built
upon some of the main tenets of late 19th-century
Symbolism and greatly influenced German
Expressionism in the early 20th century. His painting
The Scream, or The Cry (1893), can be seen as a
symbol of modern spiritual anguish.
Edvard Munch

18. The Scream was
painted by Edvard
Munch in tempera
and casein on
cardboard in 1893

19. The Kiss, coloured
woodcut by
Edvard Munch,
1902; in the
Victoria and Albert
Museum, London.

21. Cubism
 highly influential visual arts style of the 20th century that was
created principally by the artists Pablo Picasso and Georges
Braque in Paris between 1907 and 1914.
 The Cubist style emphasized the flat, two-dimensional surface of
the picture plane, rejecting the traditional techniques of
perspective, foreshortening, modelling, and chiaroscuro – pictorial
representation in terms of light and shade without regard to color,
and refuting time-honoured theories that art should imitate
nature.
 Cubist painters were not bound to copying form, texture, colour,
and space; instead, they presented a new reality in paintings that
depicted radically fragmented objects.

22. Phases of Cubism
Analytic Cubism – the early phase of cubism during
which objects were dissected or analyzed in a visual
information – gathering process and then
reconstructed on canvas.
Synthetic Cubism – the second phase of cubism,
which emphasizes the form of the object and
constructing rather than disintegrating the form

23. Pablo Picasso's
"Portrait of Ambroise Vollard"
Analytic Cubism

24. Pablo Picasso’s
Three Musicians
Synthetic
Cubism

25. Pablo Picasso (1881 – 1973)
• The most significant artist of the
20th century and behind the
birth of cubism
• His first major artistic phase has
been called his Blue Period -
between 1901 and 1904 when
he painted essentially
monochromatic paintings in
shades of blue and blue-green,
only occasionally warmed by
other colors

26. Pablo Picasso ‘ s
The Old Guitarist

27. George Braque (1882 – 1963)
• French painter, one of the
important revolutionaries of
20th-century art who, together
with Pablo Picasso, developed
Cubism.
• His paintings consist primarily of
still life that are remarkable for
their robust construction, low-
key colour harmonies, and
serene, meditative quality.

28. George Braque‘ s
The Portuguese

29. Dada
• A movement that emerged
during World War I in
Europe that purported to be
anti-everything, even anti-
art.
• Dada poked fun at all
established traditions and
taste in art works that ere
deliberately shocking vulgar
and nonsensical.

30. Dadaism
 Began in Zurich
 The word “Dada” is an
ambigious word they used
as their rallying cry
 It is a protest against the
horrors of World War I
 It was an assault on
corruption by an
international group of
young writers and artists

31. Marcel Duchamp’s
Nude Descending a Staircase No.2

32. Surrealism
 A movement in the early 20th
century that emphasized
imagery from dreams and
fantasies
• In 1920, a group of writers and
painters gathered to proclaim the
omnipotence of the unconscious
mind
• Officially lunched in Paris in 1924,
its goal was to make visible
imagery of the unconscious mind

33. Abstract Realism
 An art that sits between abstraction and
realism.
 It uses real images as the starting point for the
abstract and the image must still somewhat
recognisable yet still be abstract
Abstract Art
 is an art that doesn’t have a
definable focus.
 It is an art that exist through
patterns, colors, texture and line
without the need for an external
motivation

34. Pop Art (Popular Art)
It is an art style in the 1960’s,
deriving its imagery from the
popular, mass produced culture
It focused on the overfamiliar objects
of daily life to give them new
meaning as visual emblem

35. Op Art (Optical Art)
It is a style of art dating from the 1960’s that
creates the illusion of vibrations through
afterimages, disorienting perspective, and
juxtapositions - the act or an instance of placing
two or more things side by side, of contrasting
colors
It is a style of visual art that makes use of
optical illusions