This document discusses the preparation of wollastonite from raw materials like eggshells and soda lime silica glass. Wollastonite is composed of calcium and silica. The methodology involves collecting and processing eggshells and glass to extract calcium oxide and silica. These are then mixed, melted, and heat treated to form wollastonite. The synthesized material will be analyzed using techniques like XRD and FTIR to determine its structure and composition. The analysis is expected to show that wollastonite is formed in its crystalline phase with dominant elements of calcium and silica.

1. PREPARATION OF WOLLASTONITE
FROM RAW MATERIAL - EGGSHELL
NURHAZIRAH BT MOHAMED HALMI (167960)
SUPERVISOR : PROF DR SIDEK ABD AZIZ

2. Research background
• This research is focusing on how to prepare a Wollastonite from the SLS
glass and CaO (eggshells) through the heat treatment.
• Wollastonite is composed of calcium (Ca) and silica (SiO2) with the
chemical formula CaSiO3.
• Abundance of waste product disposed by communities gives huge
environmental impacts.
• Thus some proper treatments are highly required for the environment.
INTRODUCTION

3. INTRODUCTION
Wollastonite
CaCO3 + SiO2 CaSiO3
Theoretical composition of 48 wt.% CaO and
52 wt.% SiO2
White in color
Filler in paints and coating, plastics, ceramics,
automobile industry
Medical
materials for artificial bones and dental roots

4. INTRODUCTION
SLS (Soda Lime Silica)
As glass container and flat glasses
Consist of 70% SiO2, 15% Na2O
, 9% CaO
Most prevalent type of glass
100% recyclable and can be recycled a
million times over to produce bottles and jars
of the same high quality

5. INTRODUCTION
Eggshell (CaO)
Consisted of 94% of CaCO3, 1% of
MgCO3, 1% of Ca3(PO4)2 and 4% organic
substances.
Eggshell calcium content is 28.2-41.2% ,
phosphorus content is 0.102%
CaO were produced from CaCO3 through
calcination process.
CaCO3 CaO + CO2
Melting point of 2572°C

6. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Ecological legislation has a high demand towards
recycling industrial wastes on how to achieve
healthy environment without any threat to the
living organisms; human, animals and plants.
The growth in the world population caused the
expansion of housing and growth in construction
industries.

7. OBJECTIVES
• To extract calcium oxide, CaO decarbonized from calcium
carbonate, CaCO3 through calcination process.
• To prepare Wollastonite glass-ceramic from the mixture of
soda lime silica (SLS) glass added with CaO from waste
material of eggshell.
• To study the physical and structure on the effect of heat
treatment of wollastonite glass-ceramic.

8. LITERATURE REVIEW
Author Research Findings
Nour et. al (2008) Recycled wastes as precursor
for synthesizing wollastonite
• Production of wollastonite
became a solution for getting
over the accumulation of the
wastes and forming a suitable
precursor for the tile industries.
• Wollastonite has found its
application in the production of
heat-insulating ceramics,
automobile industry as well as
a filler in paints.
Kotsis & Balogh,
(1989)
Synthesis of Wollastonite • ß-wollastonite is transformed
to α-wollastonite at 1125°C
• The composition of the
mixtures corresponds to a 1:1
molar ratio of CaO and SiO2, in
all cases.
WOLLASTONITE

9. LITERATURE REVIEW
Author Research Findings
Puntharod et. al
(2013)
Synthesis and
characterization of
wollastonite from egg shell
and diatomite by the
hydrothermal method
• Chemical composition of
eggshell is calcium
carbonate (94%),
magnesium carbonate
(1%), calcium phosphate
(1%), and organic matter
(4%) by weight
Zhang & Liu,
(2013)
A low cost route for
fabrication of wollastonite
glass–ceramics directly
using soda-lime waste glass
by reactive crystallization–
sintering
• Raising temperature had a
considerable influence on
strength but less on
hardness of glass–ceramics.
WOLLASTONITE

10. LITERATURE REVIEW
Author Research Findings
Marinoni et.al
(2013)
Effects of soda-lime-silica
waste glass on mullite
formation kinetics and
micro-structures
development in vitreous
ceramics
• Glass cullets (referred to as
soda-lime or soda- lime-
silica (SLS) glass) from
urban waste consist mainly
of silicon, sodium and
calcium oxides.
Bateni et. al (2014) Effect of soda-lime-silica
glass addition on the
physical
properties of ceramic
obtained from white rice
husk ash
• The effect of sintering on
the density of SLS glass
showed that increasing the
sintering temperature
above 627°C, increases the
density of SLS glass
SODALIMESILICA

11. Collecting raw
material
Clean and dry
at room
temperature
Heat in oven
at 200⁰C for 2
hours
Crushing Grinding Sieving
METHODOLOGY
1 2 3
4 5 6

12. METHODOLOGY
Undergo
calcination
process 900⁰C
Weighing and
mixing
Milling process
(50rpm for 24
hours)
Melt and
quenching process
at 1400⁰C for 2
hours
Glass frits
Grind the
glass frits into
powder
7 8 9
10 11 12

13. Pelletizing process Sintering Process
Analysis XRD,
XRF, FTIR ,UV-
VIS, Density13 14 15
METHODOLOGY

14. Analysis Expected Result
XRD • To obtain information about the structure of crystalline
materials.
• Determine whether the samples are in amorphous or in
the crystalline phase.
XRF • Show the dominant element in the sample.
FTIR • Structural bonding of wollastonite.
Density • Find the density of compound form.
EXPECTED RESULT

15. 1. Nour, W. M. N., Mostafa, a. a., & Ibrahim, D. M. (2008). Recycled wastes as precursor for
synthesizing wollastonite. Ceramics International, 34(1), 101–105.
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2006.08.019
2. Vichaphund, S., Kitiwan, M., Atong, D., & Thavorniti, P. (2011). Microwave synthesis of
wollastonite powder from eggshells. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 31, 2435–
2440. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.02.026
3. Zhang, W., & Liu, H. (2013). A low cost route for fabrication of wollastonite glass – ceramics
directly using soda-lime waste glass by reactive crystallization – sintering. Ceramics
International, 39(2), 1943–1949. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.08.044
4. Obeid, M. M. (2014). Crystallization of Synthetic Wollastonite Prepared from Local Raw
Materials. International Journal of Materials and Chemistry. Scientific & Academic
Publishing.
5. Puntharod, R., Sankram, C., Chantaramee, N., Pookmanee, P., & Haller, K. J. (2013).
Synthesis and characterization of wollastonite from egg shell and diatomite by the
hydrothermal method. Journal of Ceramic Processing Research, 14(2), 198–201.
6. Marinoni, N., D’Alessio, D., Diella, V., Pavese, A., & Francescon, F. (2013). Effects of soda-
lime-silica waste glass on mullite formation kinetics and micro-structures development in
vitreous ceramics. Journal of Environmental Management, 124, 100–107.
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.02.048
7. Kotsis, I., & Balogh, A. (1989). Synthesis of wollastonite.Ceramics International,15(2), 79–85.
http://doi.org/10.1016/0272-8842(89)90018-7
REFERENCES