Soil reinforcement technique is one of the most popular techniques used for improvement of poor soils. Metal strips, synthetic geotextiles, geogrid sheets, natural geotextiles, randomly distributed, synthetic and natural fibres are being used as reinforcing materials to soil. Further, the soil reinforcement causes significant improvement in tensile strength, shear strength, other properties, bearing capacity as well as economy. Use of natural fibre in civil engineering for improving soil properties is advantageous because they are cheap, locally available, biodegradable and environmental friendly. India has large tracks resting on expansive soil covering an area of 0.8million square meters which is about 20% of total area of India .These expansive soils undergo causes volumetric changes with change in moisture contents, swelling and shrinkage of these soil causes severe damage to the foundations, buildings, roads, retaining structures etc.In this project an attempt is made to study the influence of jute fibre reinforcement on cbr properties of expansive soil with increasing percentages 1%, 2% &3%.
Application of Jute Fiber in the Improvement of Subgrade CharacteristicsIDES Editor
For the development of any country, a satisfactory
mode of transport and communication is indispensable. This
can be achieved through a transportation system, which is
economically viable. Economy in road network can be achieved
through economical pavement design. The entire load coming
over the infrastructure is ultimately transmitted to the
subgrade. Load carrying and dispersion capacity of subgrade
soil play a vital role in civil engineering. In case of highway a
weak subgrade results in greater thickness of pavement layer,
so that the stresses on the subgrade are inconsonant with
their load carrying capacity. Empirically flexible pavements
are designed on the basis of CBR value of the subgrade and
traffic on the proposed road. As per IRC recommendation
increase in CBR value from 2.0% to 5.0% reduces the thickness
requirement by 35% for 1.0 msa of traffic. Therefore
improvement in subgrade has always been an area of concern
to highway and geotechnical engineers. In the present study
a series of Proctor Compaction tests and California Bearing
Ratio tests have been carried out on soil mixed with jute fiber.
Jute fibers of different diameters (2 to 8mm) and lengths (0.5
to 2.0 mm) are mixed in the subgrade in different percentage
(0.2 to 1.0%) to find out the optimal quantity. Proctor and
CBR test results are presented in the paper.
Stabilization of pavement subgrade by using fly ash reinforced with geotextileeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
In this presentation you will find what is jute Geo-textile, how it is manufactured and application of jute Geo-textile. It contains some of the case studies from INDIA.
Application of Jute Fiber in the Improvement of Subgrade CharacteristicsIDES Editor
For the development of any country, a satisfactory
mode of transport and communication is indispensable. This
can be achieved through a transportation system, which is
economically viable. Economy in road network can be achieved
through economical pavement design. The entire load coming
over the infrastructure is ultimately transmitted to the
subgrade. Load carrying and dispersion capacity of subgrade
soil play a vital role in civil engineering. In case of highway a
weak subgrade results in greater thickness of pavement layer,
so that the stresses on the subgrade are inconsonant with
their load carrying capacity. Empirically flexible pavements
are designed on the basis of CBR value of the subgrade and
traffic on the proposed road. As per IRC recommendation
increase in CBR value from 2.0% to 5.0% reduces the thickness
requirement by 35% for 1.0 msa of traffic. Therefore
improvement in subgrade has always been an area of concern
to highway and geotechnical engineers. In the present study
a series of Proctor Compaction tests and California Bearing
Ratio tests have been carried out on soil mixed with jute fiber.
Jute fibers of different diameters (2 to 8mm) and lengths (0.5
to 2.0 mm) are mixed in the subgrade in different percentage
(0.2 to 1.0%) to find out the optimal quantity. Proctor and
CBR test results are presented in the paper.
Stabilization of pavement subgrade by using fly ash reinforced with geotextileeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
In this presentation you will find what is jute Geo-textile, how it is manufactured and application of jute Geo-textile. It contains some of the case studies from INDIA.
Introduction to Geosynthetics Types and Applications_Sirmoi WekesaSirmoi Wekesa
This presentation introduces the different types of Geosynthetics, their functions and applications. its very informative and will form a good foundation to anyone interested in this versatile technology.
Jute, a natural, eco-friendly biodegradable and annually renewable bast fibre grows abundantly in India and Bangladesh in particular. As reported by Shivani Sridhar, in India, the annual production of jute is of the order of 1.6 million tons with jute sacks being the potent product. Jute industry in India is one of the oldest agro-industries in the world. In India alone about 0.7 million people are dependent on jute production, its manufacture, and marketing for their livelihood (Sridhar 2015:60).
The ingress of man-made polymers poses a threat to the jute industry which is why the diversification of jute products has become an imperative necessity (Sridhar 2015:60). Indian Jute Industries’ Research Association (IJIRA) has developed a number of jute diversified products like Jute Geotextile (JGT) and Jute Agrotextile (JAT) through extensive R & D work utilizing the unique intrinsic properties of jute fibres like high initial tensile strength, low extensibility, high water absorbency, excellent drapability and spinnability (Sridhar 2015:60). Varieties of JGT and JAT namely, woven, non-woven, open mesh woven, pre-fabricated vertical jute drain (PVJD), jute sleeve etc. have been developed by IJIRA with the support of Jute Manufactures Development Council (JMDC). Laboratory study followed by successful field applications has established the efficacy of these products. It is relevant to mention that all geotextiles act as change agents to soil to improve its engineering performance, and its long-term durability is not a technical necessity. Bio-degradability is therefore both a technical and environmental advantage. Man-made geotextiles are questionable from an environmentalist's perspective despite their longer durability. The stress is now on adopting bio-engineering measures to address soil-related problems in civil engineering. The depletion of petroleum reserves and deteriorating environment in the planet should make JGT and JAT more attractive to the end-users. This article indicates the salient properties of JGT and JAT along with references to a few case studies substantiating the efficacy of these two products.
Geosynthetics- Types, and their use in Retaining WallsAbhishek Bharti
All you need to know about Geosynthetics, its types, uses etc. their uses in retaining walls have been focused...
The Best Presentation you can possibly find on Geosynthetics.
Geotextiles are a kind of geosynthetic material that has become more and more popular over the past fifteen years. The material owes its success in more than 80 applications to a large extent to its resistance to biodegradation. Geotextiles are indeed textiles, however not in the traditional sense of the word. They are no natural materials like cotton, wool or silk. Geotextiles are synthetic fibers that can be made into a flexible, porous, nonwoven needlefelt fabric. They are porous to water flow, to a varying degree.
The present study provides an effective technique of ground improvement using bio-enzyme. In this study a bio-enzyme named terrazyme is used for improving the California bearing ratio (CBR) value in road construction. Terrazyme is a natural, non-toxic and liquid enzyme. It is made from fermentation of plants, vegetable extract and fruit extract. Terrazyme can be used as soil stabilizer and also it can improve the CBR value in road construction. The dosage of terrazyme are taken as 500ml/m3, 700ml/m3, 900ml/m3 and 1000ml/m3in the soil sample and result is analyzed. A significant increase is found in CBR value of the soil sample as the dosage of terrazyme has been increased.
A geotextile is defined as any permeable textile material that is used with foundation, soil, rock, earth, etc to increase stability and decrease wind and water erosion.
A geotextile is typically defined as any permeable textile material used to increase soil stability, provide erosion control or aid in drainage. More simply put, if it is made of fabric and buried in the ground it is probably a geotextile. Geotextiles are a permeable synthetic material made of textile materials. They are usually made from polymers such as polyester or polypropylene.
Geotextiles are a permeable synthetic material made of textile materials. They are usually made from polymers such as polyester or polypropylene. The geotextiles are further prepared in three different categories;
Woven geotextile,
Non-woven geotextile.
Now a days Jute are also applied as geotextile.
Introduction to Geosynthetics Types and Applications_Sirmoi WekesaSirmoi Wekesa
This presentation introduces the different types of Geosynthetics, their functions and applications. its very informative and will form a good foundation to anyone interested in this versatile technology.
Jute, a natural, eco-friendly biodegradable and annually renewable bast fibre grows abundantly in India and Bangladesh in particular. As reported by Shivani Sridhar, in India, the annual production of jute is of the order of 1.6 million tons with jute sacks being the potent product. Jute industry in India is one of the oldest agro-industries in the world. In India alone about 0.7 million people are dependent on jute production, its manufacture, and marketing for their livelihood (Sridhar 2015:60).
The ingress of man-made polymers poses a threat to the jute industry which is why the diversification of jute products has become an imperative necessity (Sridhar 2015:60). Indian Jute Industries’ Research Association (IJIRA) has developed a number of jute diversified products like Jute Geotextile (JGT) and Jute Agrotextile (JAT) through extensive R & D work utilizing the unique intrinsic properties of jute fibres like high initial tensile strength, low extensibility, high water absorbency, excellent drapability and spinnability (Sridhar 2015:60). Varieties of JGT and JAT namely, woven, non-woven, open mesh woven, pre-fabricated vertical jute drain (PVJD), jute sleeve etc. have been developed by IJIRA with the support of Jute Manufactures Development Council (JMDC). Laboratory study followed by successful field applications has established the efficacy of these products. It is relevant to mention that all geotextiles act as change agents to soil to improve its engineering performance, and its long-term durability is not a technical necessity. Bio-degradability is therefore both a technical and environmental advantage. Man-made geotextiles are questionable from an environmentalist's perspective despite their longer durability. The stress is now on adopting bio-engineering measures to address soil-related problems in civil engineering. The depletion of petroleum reserves and deteriorating environment in the planet should make JGT and JAT more attractive to the end-users. This article indicates the salient properties of JGT and JAT along with references to a few case studies substantiating the efficacy of these two products.
Geosynthetics- Types, and their use in Retaining WallsAbhishek Bharti
All you need to know about Geosynthetics, its types, uses etc. their uses in retaining walls have been focused...
The Best Presentation you can possibly find on Geosynthetics.
Geotextiles are a kind of geosynthetic material that has become more and more popular over the past fifteen years. The material owes its success in more than 80 applications to a large extent to its resistance to biodegradation. Geotextiles are indeed textiles, however not in the traditional sense of the word. They are no natural materials like cotton, wool or silk. Geotextiles are synthetic fibers that can be made into a flexible, porous, nonwoven needlefelt fabric. They are porous to water flow, to a varying degree.
The present study provides an effective technique of ground improvement using bio-enzyme. In this study a bio-enzyme named terrazyme is used for improving the California bearing ratio (CBR) value in road construction. Terrazyme is a natural, non-toxic and liquid enzyme. It is made from fermentation of plants, vegetable extract and fruit extract. Terrazyme can be used as soil stabilizer and also it can improve the CBR value in road construction. The dosage of terrazyme are taken as 500ml/m3, 700ml/m3, 900ml/m3 and 1000ml/m3in the soil sample and result is analyzed. A significant increase is found in CBR value of the soil sample as the dosage of terrazyme has been increased.
A geotextile is defined as any permeable textile material that is used with foundation, soil, rock, earth, etc to increase stability and decrease wind and water erosion.
A geotextile is typically defined as any permeable textile material used to increase soil stability, provide erosion control or aid in drainage. More simply put, if it is made of fabric and buried in the ground it is probably a geotextile. Geotextiles are a permeable synthetic material made of textile materials. They are usually made from polymers such as polyester or polypropylene.
Geotextiles are a permeable synthetic material made of textile materials. They are usually made from polymers such as polyester or polypropylene. The geotextiles are further prepared in three different categories;
Woven geotextile,
Non-woven geotextile.
Now a days Jute are also applied as geotextile.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EFFECT OF REINFORCEMENT IN POLYMER AND FIBER FORMS O...IAEME Publication
Dark cotton garden soil is usually accumulated near KSRM college or university regarding KADAPA is usually stabilized along with arbitrarily sent out Polypropylene fibers’ in addition to Nonwoven geo-textile along with unique u/d rate in addition to yellow sand content material regarding 5, 10 in addition to 15 per cent through excess weight. The actual CBR testing have been carried out inside the laboratory work for unique combination size regarding fibers in addition to geo-textile along with dark-colored silk cotton garden soil. Substantial enhancement can be found in this CBR benefit regarding dark-colored silk cotton garden soil.
Now-a-days disposal of different wastes materials produced from agricultural and industrial
residuals is a great problem. These materials pose environmental pollution in the nearby locality. As
a result, there has been a trend towards recycling the waste materials into a highway construction
system. Valuable benefits in terms of economic and environmental gains are possible. Two types of
wastes materials, rice husk and sawdust were used to improve the properties of the clayey subgrade
soil. A procedure was adopted to quantify the beneficial effect of subgrade soils stabilization benefits
which base on the extension of pavement service life and reduction in the base course thickness.
Results show that both types of wastes materials helps in great improvement of soil properties as
California bearing ratio and unconfined compressive strength to use in the construction of highways
introduction to soil stabilization and introduction to geo textiles and synth...husna004
Stabilization is the process of blending and mixing materials with a soil to improve certain properties of the soil. The process may include the blending of soils to achieve a desired gradation or the mixing of commercially available additives that may alter the gradation, texture or plasticity, or act as a binder for cementation of the soil.
different types of paint, 10 different types of paint, acrylic paint , automotive paint, epoxy paint, emulsion paint, enamel paint, concrete paint, eggshell paint, latex paint, metallic paint, texture paint, who introduced acrylic paint, types of automotive paint, ingredients used in concrete paint, paint types in India, paint types in US
A Study on Strength of Reinforced Flyash with Randomly Distributed FibersIJERD Editor
Flyash is a waste produced from thermal power stations, which contributes to environmental
pollution. It is a waste material that can be utilized in construction of roads and embankments. Randomly
distributed fiber reinforced soils have recently attracted increasing attention in geotechnical engineering. One of
the most promising approaches in this area is use of flyash as a replacement to the conventional weak earth
material and fiber/coir as reinforcement will solve two problems with one effort i.e. elimination of solid waste
problem on one hand and provision of a needed construction material on other. Disposal of a variety of wastes
in an eco friendly way is the thrust area of today’s research. This paper investigates to determine the optimum
percentage of waste plastics/coconut coir with flyash material by conducting direct shear and CBR tests. It was
observed that from the laboratory test results, the optimum percentage of waste plastics and coconut coir with
flyash material are 0.3% and 0.2% respectively and also flyash with waste plastics shows better performance as
compared to flyash with coconut coir.
To Study the Effect of Use of Geosynthetics Fibres in Sub grade Soilijtsrd
Reinforcements and separation are the two functions of Geosynthetics in which pavement system is used in geogrids. The apertures are used in the products of geogrids.These products are mostly in large size and due to this,they are not used for getting separation of different materials. Gradation has main function to separate two different materials. Still, in theoretically geogrids can also give some separation mathods, but in a limited amount. In pavements, geogrids used separation method which is a secondary function or we can say it is use for some sepration of different materials and in reinforcement, geogrids used the primary function in pavements and geogrid used to improve the mechanically properties of engineering like M25 Grade Concrete. The reinforcement mechanisms associated withgeogrids. Er. Kapil Soni | Er. Sunil Kumar | Er. Vikram "To Study the Effect of Use of Geosynthetics Fibres in Sub grade Soil" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26479.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/26479/to-study-the-effect-of-use-of-geosynthetics-fibres-in-sub-grade-soil/er-kapil-soni
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Geosynthetics, a versetile solution to challenges in geotechnical engineeringeSAT Journals
Abstract This paper focuses on the available state of knowledge in the field of soil improvement particularly by the use of geosynthetics. Geosynthetics have found an important place in geotechnical engineering problems i.e. foundation on soft soils, land slide control, sub grade stabilization, reinforced embankments over soft soils, erosion control (turf reinforcement, under rip rap), surface drainage etc. This paper gives an overview of geosynthetics from its historical development to latest trends in it. Index Terms: Geosynthetics,
Utilization of stonedust with plastic waste for improving the subgrade in hig...eSAT Journals
Abstract Stone dust is a kind of waste material that is generated from the stone crushing industry which is abundantly available to the extent of 200 million tonnes per annum , that has landfill disposal problems and health and environmental hazards. This study cover on utilization of stone dust reinforced with PET strips(polyethylene terephthalete)improving the sub grade. Now a day’s both stone dust and plastic water bottles are creating environmental disposal problem as well as health problem. Therefore utilization of these waste material in proper manner is creating challenge to society. PET strips obtained from waste plastic water bottle, were mixed randomly with stone dust. A series of California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were carried out on reinforced stone dust. Three different sizes of PET strips were used in this study. The effect of strips content(0.25% to 2%) and length on the CBR value of reinforced stonedust were investigated. Addition of PET strips with in stone dust with appropriate amount improved the strength of sub grade. This reinforcing material can used as sub grade material in constructing the rural road over saturated clay. This method is a environmental friendly and reduce the disposal problem. Keywords: Stone dust, polyethylene terephthalete, CBR value.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
2. A Critical Review on Applications of Natural Jute Fibres A Case Study
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INTRODUCTION
NEED FOR USE OF NATURAL FIBRES
The expansive soils having property of swelling and expansiveness with influence of
variance moisture in soil. It also shows shrinkage behavior when dried. To achieve the
economy and for proper performance of road, it is necessary to improve the soil by
adding jute fibre
The study of the contribution of jute geo-textile on the properties of clayey soils
and its feasibility for various civil engineering applications is evaluated. In order to
improve the performance of roads on such soils jute geotextile has scope as
reinforcement. It is expected that with the inclusion of jute geotextile layer below
Granular Subbase (GSB) layer would be helpful in restricting the movement of upper
pavement layers due to seasonal moisture variation in subgrade expansive, shrinkable
soil. Soil reinforcement is defined as a technique to improve the engineering
characteristics of soil. In this way, using natural fibres to reinforce soil is an old and
ancient idea. Consequently, randomly distributed fibre reinforced soils have recently
attracted increasing attention in geotechnical engineering The main aim of this paper,
therefore, is to review the history, benefits, applications; and possible executive
problems of using different types of natural fibres in soil reinforcement.
For the development of any country, a satisfactory mode of transport and
communication is indispensable. This can be achieved through a transportation
system, which is economically viable. Economy in road network can be achieved
through economical pavement design. Quality of subgrade available is the input
parameter in pavement design. Practically it is not possible to have good subgrade
always. Poor subgrade necessitates a greater pavement thickness resulting in
increased construction cost. With the aim of reducing pavement thickness on poor
subgrade new techniques of construction and soil stabilization have been continuously
explored. Poor natural soils make them practically unsuitable for many civil
engineering construction activities including road pavements. In such cases natural
soils are being treated with different kinds of materials to improve their engineering
properties. The techniques of improving the engineering properties of soil are called
soil stabilization, which has been quite successfully used in many engineering
problems. In the present study jute fibre is used to improve the engineering properties
of the subgrade, so that required pavement thickness may be reduced for particular
traffic intensity. Jute fibres of different diameters and lengths were mixed in the
subgrade in different percentage and the improvements in the subgrade are studied in
terms of California Bearing Ratio (CBR).
NATURAL GEOTEXTILES
Natural fibres are extracted from plants and are then converted into yarns by spinning.
These fabrics are sometimes treated with rot resistance materials or reinforced with
synthetic fibres to enhance their durability under different soil conditions without
affecting its strength and other properties. Natural fibres such as jute, coconut and coir
bricks are used to improve soilstrength, soilerosion control and drainage applications.
3. Dr.T.Kiran Kumar and B.Jagan
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JUTE FIBRE
Jute geo textile abbreviated as JGT has come out as the best as well as strong
alternative to synthetic geo textiles. Jute geotextile fabric is widely used for varied
civil engineering applications like separation, drainage and filtration over synthetic
one. Jute geo textile is available with inherent advantage of being designed from
natural fibre that is completely biodegradable. Jute is an organic fibre that brings eco
friendly nature to the textile. A user can easily discard them by decomposing them
without any pollution.
Today, jute geo textile fabric is available in two different varieties, one is woven
and other is non-woven fabric. Both the varieties are reckoned for high moisture
absorption capacity. Their flexibility and excellent drainage properties are the reason
behind their usage in agricultural sector to conserve soil erosion. Their long life span
makes them perfect to be used in those sectors that required long-term applications.
Due to their high durability and long life performance, they are in huge demand to be
used as separator, vegetation growing mesh, vertical drains, etc.
Development of this completely natural and strong Jute geo textile is likely to
enable it to be widely accepted in the varied soil reinforcement applications that may
include the construction of rural roads, access roads, and road and flood
embankments. Their superior drape ability, jute geo textile has come up as the ideal
solution for accomplishing varied tasks. Widely accepted for greater moisture
retention capacity, they have given a competitive edge to the geo textiles of other
fabric. Easy to install and remove, they are on the top whenever it comes to quality,
durability, sturdiness and strong nature. They can be availed in various sizes and
dimensions to match the requirement of every task. Jute geotextile is available in the
market at very lowest prices than the synthetic geo textiles.
JUTE GEOTEXTILE (JGT)
Jute GeoTextile is a permeable textile fabric available in woven, non-woven and open
weave forms used in or on soil to improve its engineering performance. Woven JGT
performs the functions of separation, filtration, initial re-enforcement and drainage
when used in the interface of road sub-grade and sub-base, thereby helps soil
consolidation and increases the CBR%. Woven JGT overlain with non woven JGT
when applied on the surface of weak formation arrest scope of infringement of
4. A Critical Review on Applications of Natural Jute Fibres A Case Study
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ballasts into the soil bellow and also allow passage of precipitation along the plane of
the fabric thereby keeps the soil dry and tight and ultimately check the possibility of
settlement of railway tracks. Properly designed woven JGT with appropriate
porometry treated with suitable additives is used as filter material in river bank
protection.
OBJECTIVES
To study the characteristics of existing soils in the area.
To determine strength of the soil sample with jute fibre and without jute fibre
of normal soil.
The main objective of our study is to evaluate the effect of jute fibre inclusions
on CBR PARAMETERS of clay soil.
In the present work locally available sub-grade Red clay soil of the road is
modified by addition of natural fibre material in different percentages 1%, 2%
& 3% respectively.
Natural Jute fibres of different diameters and lengths were mixed in the
subgrade in different percentages.
Similarly jute fibre is been used for improvement in properties of soft murrum
soil has also been studied.
In order to achieve the objectives a detailed laboratory test were conducted on
normal soil sample and fibre reinforced clay. The test result are tabulated and
compared
LITERATURE REVIEW
Barnali Ghosh, Dr V Ramesh, Rajarajeswari B Vibhuti (2014)
Analysis and comparison of properties of two different clayey soils is carried out with
and without reinforcement. Jute geo-textile (grade TD-5) was used as reinforcing
material to stabilize both peat and black cotton soil. Almost all the standard laboratory
tests as well as field tests were conducted. Finally study of the contribution of jute
geo-textile on the properties of clayey soils and its feasibility for various civil
engineering applications is evaluated. The results show the increment of soil
properties like shear strength, dry density and CBR(California Bearing ratio) while
permeability and settlement .decreased on introduction of jute geo-textile, indicating
significant improvement in the engineering behavior.
T. Sanyal P. K. Choudhury D. N. Goswami (2006)
Has studied the Growth of appropriate vegetation on exposed soil surface is facilitated
by use of natural geotextiles such as Jute Geotextiles (JGT). Properly designed JGT
laid on slopes or any other exposed soil surface provides a cover over exposed soil
lessening the probability of soil detachment and at the same time reduces the velocity
of surface run-off, the main agent of soil dissociation. Appropriately designed Jute
GeoTextiles lay on the shoulder and along the slope helped retain the soilparticles and
prevented detachment of soil particles from the prepared slope. Establishment of
vegetation ensured stabilization of the soil on the slope surface. Jute Geotextiles, a
bio-degradable natural geotextile, can conveniently be used for controlling surface
soil erosion and help growth of vegetation as a bio-engineering measure. JGT after
5. Dr.T.Kiran Kumar and B.Jagan
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biodegradation coalesces with the soil and adds nutrient to it and fosters growth of
vegetation.
Praveen Aggarwal, Bajinder Sharma, vol (1), (April 2011)
With the aim of reducing pavement thickness on poor subgrade new techniques of
construction and soil stabilization have been continuously explored. Poor natural soils
make them practically unsuitable for many civil engineering construction activities
including road pavements. In such cases natural soils are being treated with different
kinds of materials to improve their engineering properties. The techniques of
improving the engineering properties of soil are called soil stabilization, which has
been quite successfully used in many engineering problems. In the present study jute
fibre is used to improved engineering properties of the subgrade,
D. S. Tolia, O. P. Yadav, Kanwar Singh.(march2003)
Over the last decade, the use of geotextiles of all types has recorded a tremendous
increase; Geotextiles are being increasingly employed in various Civil Engineering
activities andespecially Geotechnical and Highway Engineering to facilitate
construction, ensure better performance of the structure and reduce maintenance. In
view of this wide spread interest, the Central Road Research Institute has taken up a
project for the development and promotion of jute based geotextiles for Highway
Engineering applications. Accordingly, a number of field trials have been carried out
using jute based geotextiles for various applications such as filtration, separation,
drainage and reinforcement.
Ramaswamy & Aziz – 1989
Percentage elongation at break of JGT is significantly lower than that of synthetic
geotextiles (maximum 15% against more than 50 % of SGT). Substantial reduction
(more than 50%) in rut depth under dynamic load tests with JGT.
H. P. SINGH, (October 2012)
Soil reinforcement technique is one of the most popular techniques used for
improvement of poor soils. Metal strips, synthetic geotextiles, geogrid sheets, natural
geotextiles, randomly distributed, synthetic and natural fibres are being used as
reinforcing materials to soil. Further, the soil reinforcement causes significant
improvement in tensile strength, shear strength, other properties, bearing capacity as
well as economy.
STUDY AREA
The study area of soil is taken from the portions of highway road near Chennur road
in Kadapa District.The soil is collected from that area. By-Pass is constructed with its
road consisting silty-clay soil. Height of embankment in some stretches of road ranges
from 10 m to 12 m. Embankment fills are finished in 1:2 slopes. As the embankment
heights are appreciably high the denuded slopes were subjected to rain splash erosion
with formation of rain-cuts and gullies due to surface run-off. Soil samples were
collected from two sites of road.
6. A Critical Review on Applications of Natural Jute Fibres A Case Study
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Physical Condition of Road
So much of damage is there in national highway by moving vehicles with heavy
loads, so we have to increase the strength of the soil by adding jute geotextile and in
also embankments we use jute fibre sheets to avoid erosion control.
Chennur Highway Road for Roads
Silt & clay = 80% to 85%
Sand = 10% to 15%
d50 of soil = 0.033 mm
Liquid Limit = 33%
Plastic Limit = 20%
Plastic Index = 13%
Angle of internal friction of soil = 29°
METHODOLOGY
Tests on Soil Sample
Sieve Analysis
This is the name given to the operation of dividing a sample of aggregate in to various
fractions each consisting of particles of the same size.The sieve analysis is conducted
to determine the particle size distribution in a sample of aggregate, which we call
gradation.
Plastic Limit
Plastic limit is the water content corresponding to an arbitrary limit between the
plastic and semisolid states of consistency of a soil. It is the minimum water content at
which the soil will just begin to crumble when rolled in to a thread approximately
3mm in diameter.
7. Dr.T.Kiran Kumar and B.Jagan
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Liquid Limit
Liquid limit is the minimum water content corresponding to arbitrary limit between
liquid and plastic states of consistency of a soil. It is the minimum water content at
which the soil is still in the liquid state but has a small shearing strength against
flowing, which can be measured by standard available means.
STANDARD PROCTOR TEST
The standard proctor test is carried out by taking 3kgs of air dried soil sample passing
through 4.75 mm IS sieve and thoroughly mixing with suitable amount of water. Then
the moist sample is placed in three layers of approximately equal thickness in a mould
attached with extension collar and each layer is given 25 blows by rammer of 2.6kg
dropped from a height of 310mm above the soil.
CBR Test for Normal Soil Sample
CBR test is used to determine the strength of soil
The amount of soil is taken is 6 kgs with water content percentage
Give 56 blows using tampering rod at 3 parts, and in middle of 1 part tampering we
place the jute fibre and tampering the soil at a height of 31 cm
CBR Test for Soil Sample by Using Jute Fibre
The procedure is same as normal soil sample. In that sample the percentage of jute
fibre is mixing with normal soil sample.
The jute fibre is cut by small pieces, which the shape of the jute is cut by a cbr mould
round shape we have to cut the fibre
The amount of fibre is taken at soil sample of 6 kgs .we have to take 60 gms of jute
fibre is taken.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Sieve Analysi
GRAPH 1:
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 1 2 3 4 5
%passingthrough
Aperture size (mm)
8. A Critical Review on Applications of Natural Jute Fibres A Case Study
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Results
Effective size of the particle D10 = 0.68 mm
Uniformity coefficient Cu = 2.21 mm
Coefficient of curvature Cc = 1.66 mm
For a gravel to be classified as well graded, the following must be met:
Cu > 4 for well graded soil, so Cu=2.21 < 4 ,it is poorly graded soil
Liquid Limit
Results:
Liquid limit of the soil (LL) = 31%
PLASTIC LIMIT
Results:
Plastic limit of the soil (PL) = 14.8%
Plasticity index of the soil (PI) = 16.2%
STANDARD PROCTOR TEST
GRAPH 2
Results:
Optimum moisture content (omc) =15.38 %
Maximum dry density (mdd) =1.68 g/cc
A. CBR TEST FOR NORMAL SOIL SAMPLE:
CBR test is used to determine the strength of soil
B. Results:
1. CBR value of soil at 2.50 mm penetration = 14.74 %
2. CBR value of soil at 5.00 mm penetration = 15.18 %
3. CBR value of given soil = 15.18 %
1.45
1.5
1.55
1.6
1.65
1.7
0 5 10 15 20 25
Drydensity
Moisture content
9. Dr.T.Kiran Kumar and B.Jagan
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C. CBR TEST FOR SOIL SAMPLE BY US ING JUTE FIBRE
D. 1) CBR VALUE BY MIXING WITH JUTE FIBRE IN SOIL AT 1 %:
CBR value for jute fibre at 2.5 mm penetration is=15.28%
CBR value for jute fibre at 5.0 mm penetration is=15.93%
2) CBR VALUE BY MIXING WITH JUTE FIBRE IN SOIL AT 2 %
CBR value for Jute Fibre at 2.5 mm penetration is=16.39%
CBR Value for Jute Fibre at 5.0 mm penetration is=16.93%
3) CBR VALUE BY MIXING WITH JUTE FIBRE IN SOIL AT 3 %
GRAPH 3
RESULTS
CBR value of soil by mixing with jute fibre at 2.50 mm penetration = 17.07 %
CBR value of soil by mixing with jute fibre at 5.0 mm penetration = 18.09%
CBR value of soil by mixing with jute fibre =18.09%
DISCUSSIONS
Results of jute fibre reinforced soil are compared with that of plain soil sample in two
groups as:
1). Effect of the jute reinforcement on the maximum dry density and optimum
moisture content.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
0 2 4 6 8
Load(kg)
Penetration(mm)
for normal soil
soil by using jute fibre
10. A Critical Review on Applications of Natural Jute Fibres A Case Study
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Optimum moisture content (omc) =15.38 %
Maximum dry density (mdd) =1.68 g/cc
2) .Effect of the jute reinforcement on California bearing ratio
CBR value of soil by mixing with out jute fibre = 15.18%
CBR value of soil by mixing with jute fibre = 18.09 %
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion it can be concluded that the CBR value of given soil
increases by mixing with natural jute fibre from 15.18% to 18.09%.
Jute fibre reinforcement reduces the maximum dry density and increases the optimum
moisture content of the subgrade soil. The CBR value of the subgrade soil increases
with the inclusion of jute fibre at 3% of fiber content. further adding of fibre
percentage will decrease the cbr value.
Appropriately designed JGT laid on the shoulder and along the slope helped retain the
soil particles and prevented detachment of soil particles from the prepared slope.
Establishment of vegetation ensured stabilization of the soil on the slope surface.
JGT, a bio-degradable natural geotextile, can conveniently be used for controlling
surface soil erosion and help growth of vegetation as a bio-engineering measure. JGT
after biodegradation coalesces with the soil and adds nutrient to it and fosters growth
of vegetation.
Overall it can be concluded that jute fibre reinforced soil can be considered to be good
Ground improvement technique Specially in engineering projects on weak soils.
Jute fibre reinforcement increases the sub-grade strength of the soil and thus reduces
the thickness of pavement. Jute fibre is a good reinforcing material which is bio
degradable.
Jute fibre can be considered as a good reinforcement material.
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