This document summarizes the preparation and testing of a ceramic membrane filter consisting of a diatomite filtering layer coated onto a porous quartz-based ceramic substrate. Key points include:
- Diatomite particles were coated onto the substrate using pressure filtration and sintered at 600°C. The coating was then leached in hot acid to open pores while maintaining structural integrity.
- Filtration testing used calcite particles from marble wastewater. The leached coating showed over two times higher filtration capacity and produced very clear filtrate.
- The coating maintained stability during filtration at 5 bar and backflushing at 4 bar, demonstrating potential for water filtration applications.
Impression materials for complete denture/certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Curing Methods and Their Effects on The Strength of ConcreteIJERA Editor
There are a lot of arguments on which method of curing concrete gives good strength. These different opinions results into this study, which aim at investigating the effects of different curing methods on the strength of concrete. Laboratory test was employed for this study. Normal concretes were prepared using specified mix ratio of 1:2:4 and 1:3:6. The cubes tested for compressive strength at 3, 7, 21, and 28 days of curing respectively using four curing methods namely immersion, sprinkling, polythene sheeting and sharp sand coating. Testing indicate that water immersion curing method as well as sprinkling (spraying ) methods of curing, provide better results than membrane (polythene sheeting) method of curing. While sharp sand gives least strength. The rate of drying was significant when the specimens were subjected to curing with polythene sheet method of curing. This thus hampered the hydration process and thus affected the compressive strength property of the hardened concrete. The overall findings of this study suggests that concrete should be cured by water immersion or spraying regularly to achieve a better compressive strength in concrete.
Impression materials for complete denture/certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Curing Methods and Their Effects on The Strength of ConcreteIJERA Editor
There are a lot of arguments on which method of curing concrete gives good strength. These different opinions results into this study, which aim at investigating the effects of different curing methods on the strength of concrete. Laboratory test was employed for this study. Normal concretes were prepared using specified mix ratio of 1:2:4 and 1:3:6. The cubes tested for compressive strength at 3, 7, 21, and 28 days of curing respectively using four curing methods namely immersion, sprinkling, polythene sheeting and sharp sand coating. Testing indicate that water immersion curing method as well as sprinkling (spraying ) methods of curing, provide better results than membrane (polythene sheeting) method of curing. While sharp sand gives least strength. The rate of drying was significant when the specimens were subjected to curing with polythene sheet method of curing. This thus hampered the hydration process and thus affected the compressive strength property of the hardened concrete. The overall findings of this study suggests that concrete should be cured by water immersion or spraying regularly to achieve a better compressive strength in concrete.
Packing density is new kind of mix design method used to design different types of concrete. To
optimize the particle packing density of concrete, the particles should be selected to fill up the voids between
large particles with smaller particles and so on, in order to obtain a dense and stiff particle structure.
Partial Replacement of Cement to Concrete by Marble Dust PowderIJMTST Journal
Leaving the waste materials to the environment directly can cause environmental problem. Hence the reuse of waste material has been emphasized. Partial replacement of cement by varying percentage of marble dust Powder powder reveals that increased waste marble dust powder ratio result in increased workability and compressive strengths of the concrete Marble Dust Powder is settled by sedimentation and then dumped away, which results in environmental contamination, in addition to forming dust in summer and threatening both agriculture and public wellness.. In this research work, Marble Dust Powder has replaced the (OPC & PPC) cement accordingly in the reach of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% 20%, & 25% by weight of M-20 grade concrete. Concrete mixtures were developed, tested and compared in terms of compressive strength to the conventional concrete. The purpose of the investigation is to analyze the behavior of concrete while replacing the Marble Dust Powder with Different proportions in concrete.
Effect Of Solvent Type On Microtensile Bond Strength Of TotalEtch One-Bottle ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Detailed working of each equipments, formulas and calculations. Easy to understand. Very helpful for those students who face difficulty in making lab reports
Types of resin composites by students at ahram canadian universityMenna-Allah Ashraf
This presentation is a some sort of reference for second and third year dentistry students ... It has information about recent and different types of resin composites as restorative materials ..this is a student work by students in egyptian private university ( Ahram canadian university )
Biodentine™ with Active Biosilicate Technology™ was announced by dental materials manufacturer
Septodont in September of 2010, and made available in January of 2011. According to the research and
development department of said manufacturer, “a new class of dental material which could conciliate high
mechanical properties with excellent biocompatibility, as well as bioactive behaviour” (Septodont
Biodentine™ scientific file, 2010) had been produced. According to the manufacturer, the material can be
used as a “dentine replacement material whenever original dentine is damaged
Effect of fibers on Hybrid Matrix CompositesIJERA Editor
Frictional co-efficient, impact quality; dielectric quality and compound resistance examination of bamboo/glass strands strengthened epoxy half breed composites were considered. Two distinctive crossover composites, for example, treated and untreated bamboo filaments were manufactured and impact of soluble base treatment of the bamboo strands on these properties were additionally concentrated on. It was watched that, effect quality and frictional co-proficient properties of the half and half composites increment with expansion in glass fiber content. These properties observed to be higher when salt treated bamboo filaments were utilized as a part of the half breed composites. It is watched that, concoction resistance was fundamentally increments for all chemicals with the exception of carbon tetrachloride. The disposal of nebulous hemi-cellulose with salt treatment prompting higher crystallinity of the bamboo filaments with antacid treatment may in charge of these perceptions. The impact of salt treatment on the holding between glass/bamboo composites was additionally concentrated on. Checking electron magnifying lens (SEM) were additionally directed on the cross segments of broke surfaces with a specific end goal to rate the execution crossover composites were likewise conferred bear natural products
Cytotoxicity of denture base acrylic resins /certified fixed orthodontic cour...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Effect of Surface Treatment on Settlement of Coir Mat Reinforced SandRSIS International
Employment in rural areas is generated when byproduct
from the natural materials is used in construction
industry. The extent of usage of coir fibres in construction
industry is restricted by the fact that it is biodegradable. Though
use of natural materials such as coir fibers is well established. In
this view, the objective the present study is to surface treat the
coir mats, making it hydrophobic. Model footing tests using
model footing of 50mm diameter resting on Surface treated coir
mat of different opening size were conducted. The results
indicate that the surface treatment of coir products is beneficial
in increasing the strength of reinforced soil when compared with
untreated coir mats
Diffusion Studies of Nanofibril Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester NanocompositesIRJESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This work deals with the water sorption characteristics of isorananofibril reinforced polyester composites with special reference to filler loading as well as temperature. It was found that, the neat polyester resin shows high water absorption at room temperature. The reduction of water absorption of INF filled composites is due to the improved inter-facial adhesion, which prevents the easy penetration of water molecules in the nanofibril composite. The formation of fibrous network of cellulose nanofibrils with the polyester matrix also prevents the swelling of the composite and thus reduces the water penetration. At 90 ˚C, after the initial capillary uptake of water, as the INF loading increases the water uptake also increases. This is due to the hydrophilic character of INF. At higher temperature, the composite lost all its hydrogen bonding interactions and the neat polyester shows lower water uptake. The mechanism of diffusion was analysed and the effect of INF on the sorption kinetics was studied. Parameters like diffusion, sorption and permeability coefficients of the composites were determined.
Packing density is new kind of mix design method used to design different types of concrete. To
optimize the particle packing density of concrete, the particles should be selected to fill up the voids between
large particles with smaller particles and so on, in order to obtain a dense and stiff particle structure.
Partial Replacement of Cement to Concrete by Marble Dust PowderIJMTST Journal
Leaving the waste materials to the environment directly can cause environmental problem. Hence the reuse of waste material has been emphasized. Partial replacement of cement by varying percentage of marble dust Powder powder reveals that increased waste marble dust powder ratio result in increased workability and compressive strengths of the concrete Marble Dust Powder is settled by sedimentation and then dumped away, which results in environmental contamination, in addition to forming dust in summer and threatening both agriculture and public wellness.. In this research work, Marble Dust Powder has replaced the (OPC & PPC) cement accordingly in the reach of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% 20%, & 25% by weight of M-20 grade concrete. Concrete mixtures were developed, tested and compared in terms of compressive strength to the conventional concrete. The purpose of the investigation is to analyze the behavior of concrete while replacing the Marble Dust Powder with Different proportions in concrete.
Effect Of Solvent Type On Microtensile Bond Strength Of TotalEtch One-Bottle ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Detailed working of each equipments, formulas and calculations. Easy to understand. Very helpful for those students who face difficulty in making lab reports
Types of resin composites by students at ahram canadian universityMenna-Allah Ashraf
This presentation is a some sort of reference for second and third year dentistry students ... It has information about recent and different types of resin composites as restorative materials ..this is a student work by students in egyptian private university ( Ahram canadian university )
Biodentine™ with Active Biosilicate Technology™ was announced by dental materials manufacturer
Septodont in September of 2010, and made available in January of 2011. According to the research and
development department of said manufacturer, “a new class of dental material which could conciliate high
mechanical properties with excellent biocompatibility, as well as bioactive behaviour” (Septodont
Biodentine™ scientific file, 2010) had been produced. According to the manufacturer, the material can be
used as a “dentine replacement material whenever original dentine is damaged
Effect of fibers on Hybrid Matrix CompositesIJERA Editor
Frictional co-efficient, impact quality; dielectric quality and compound resistance examination of bamboo/glass strands strengthened epoxy half breed composites were considered. Two distinctive crossover composites, for example, treated and untreated bamboo filaments were manufactured and impact of soluble base treatment of the bamboo strands on these properties were additionally concentrated on. It was watched that, effect quality and frictional co-proficient properties of the half and half composites increment with expansion in glass fiber content. These properties observed to be higher when salt treated bamboo filaments were utilized as a part of the half breed composites. It is watched that, concoction resistance was fundamentally increments for all chemicals with the exception of carbon tetrachloride. The disposal of nebulous hemi-cellulose with salt treatment prompting higher crystallinity of the bamboo filaments with antacid treatment may in charge of these perceptions. The impact of salt treatment on the holding between glass/bamboo composites was additionally concentrated on. Checking electron magnifying lens (SEM) were additionally directed on the cross segments of broke surfaces with a specific end goal to rate the execution crossover composites were likewise conferred bear natural products
Cytotoxicity of denture base acrylic resins /certified fixed orthodontic cour...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Effect of Surface Treatment on Settlement of Coir Mat Reinforced SandRSIS International
Employment in rural areas is generated when byproduct
from the natural materials is used in construction
industry. The extent of usage of coir fibres in construction
industry is restricted by the fact that it is biodegradable. Though
use of natural materials such as coir fibers is well established. In
this view, the objective the present study is to surface treat the
coir mats, making it hydrophobic. Model footing tests using
model footing of 50mm diameter resting on Surface treated coir
mat of different opening size were conducted. The results
indicate that the surface treatment of coir products is beneficial
in increasing the strength of reinforced soil when compared with
untreated coir mats
Diffusion Studies of Nanofibril Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester NanocompositesIRJESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This work deals with the water sorption characteristics of isorananofibril reinforced polyester composites with special reference to filler loading as well as temperature. It was found that, the neat polyester resin shows high water absorption at room temperature. The reduction of water absorption of INF filled composites is due to the improved inter-facial adhesion, which prevents the easy penetration of water molecules in the nanofibril composite. The formation of fibrous network of cellulose nanofibrils with the polyester matrix also prevents the swelling of the composite and thus reduces the water penetration. At 90 ˚C, after the initial capillary uptake of water, as the INF loading increases the water uptake also increases. This is due to the hydrophilic character of INF. At higher temperature, the composite lost all its hydrogen bonding interactions and the neat polyester shows lower water uptake. The mechanism of diffusion was analysed and the effect of INF on the sorption kinetics was studied. Parameters like diffusion, sorption and permeability coefficients of the composites were determined.
A review on advanced ceramic processing techniquesAlokjyoti Dash
This Presentation enlists and describes most ceramic process and most parameters which affect these ceramic processing. A reader shall understand the basic of these presented process to fabricate unique ceramic materials
Optimization of ceramic shell mold materials in investment castingeSAT Journals
Abstract Ceramic shell investment casting process is used to produce high quality casting products with relatively close dimensional tolerance. The refractory material use as primary coat on shell mold of investment casting play a very important role to form surface finish. Zircon flour though costly, is being used as a primary slurry material in the ceramic shell investment casting process. To reduce the cost of primary slurry material, some alternate refractory material like, alumina, silica, used with zircon to enhance properties. The hardness test of the casted samples and micro-examination under binocular metallurgical microscope has been done to study the micro-characteristic evaluation. The result reveals that the ceramic shell contains 100% zircon primary refractory gives the best results. Keywords: shell mold, refractory, slurry, investment casting
Porous ceramics offer a broad range of characteristics that enable them to be used in a wide variety of applications. By selecting a suitable base
material for the intended use, and then adjusting the overall porosity, pore size distribution and pore shape, they can be tailored to suit a diverse range of applications. This generally requires close consultation
between the ceramics manufacturer and the customer or user.
Developments of nano clay particle reinforced plastics are of growing interest towards the
emergence of new materials which enhance optimal utilization of natural resources and particularly of
renewable resources. The effects of nano clay as filler in Basalt–epoxy composite systems on the
tribological properties have been discussed in this article. Basalt fiber reinforced epoxy (BE) composite
finds widespread application in erosive environment due to its several advantages like high wear
resistance, high strength-to-weight ratio and low cost. Experiments were carried out to study the effects
of impingement angle, particle velocity and filler material on the solid particle erosive wear behavior of
BE composite. The erosive wear is evaluated at different impingement angles from 30° to 90° at three
different velocities of 23, 42, & 60 m/s. The erodent used is silica sand with the size range (150 – 280 µm)
of irregular shape. The result shows semi-ductile behavior with maximum erosion rate at 60°
impingement angle. It is observed that wear rate increases with increasing particle velocity and
decreases with increases of filler percentage. The morphology of the eroded surfaces was examined by
using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
20 Comprehensive Checklist of Designing and Developing a WebsitePixlogix Infotech
Dive into the world of Website Designing and Developing with Pixlogix! Looking to create a stunning online presence? Look no further! Our comprehensive checklist covers everything you need to know to craft a website that stands out. From user-friendly design to seamless functionality, we've got you covered. Don't miss out on this invaluable resource! Check out our checklist now at Pixlogix and start your journey towards a captivating online presence today.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Building RAG with self-deployed Milvus vector database and Snowpark Container...Zilliz
This talk will give hands-on advice on building RAG applications with an open-source Milvus database deployed as a docker container. We will also introduce the integration of Milvus with Snowpark Container Services.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
zkStudyClub - Reef: Fast Succinct Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Regex ProofsAlex Pruden
This paper presents Reef, a system for generating publicly verifiable succinct non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs that a committed document matches or does not match a regular expression. We describe applications such as proving the strength of passwords, the provenance of email despite redactions, the validity of oblivious DNS queries, and the existence of mutations in DNA. Reef supports the Perl Compatible Regular Expression syntax, including wildcards, alternation, ranges, capture groups, Kleene star, negations, and lookarounds. Reef introduces a new type of automata, Skipping Alternating Finite Automata (SAFA), that skips irrelevant parts of a document when producing proofs without undermining soundness, and instantiates SAFA with a lookup argument. Our experimental evaluation confirms that Reef can generate proofs for documents with 32M characters; the proofs are small and cheap to verify (under a second).
Paper: https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/1886
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdf
Science direct 1
1. Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
Ceramics International 37 (2011) 73–78
www.elsevier.com/locate/ceramint
Preparation and filtration testing of diatomite filtering layer by
acid leaching
Osman S *, Ali ˙maretli
¸an
I
¨
Dumlupinar University, Department of Ceramic Engineering, Kutahya, 43100, Turkey
Received 22 February 2010; received in revised form 26 May 2010; accepted 20 July 2010
Available online 22 August 2010
Abstract
Ceramic membrane filter consisting of the filtration layer obtained from natural diatomite particles (finer than 50 mm) by coating onto a large
porosity support made of quartz-based materials was fabricated. The coating was achieved by pressure filtration at 5 bar and later sintering applied
at 600 8C. The sintered product was leached by the hot acid solution (5 M HCl; 75 8C) for 1 h. The characteristic skeletal structure of diatomite
(fine microscopic pores) could be obtained without deforming the structural integrity of coating. Filtration response of the filter was tested in deadend and periodic pressure filtration modes. The filtered particles were of calcite (finer than 1.5 mm) obtained from a marble factory wastewater
stream. The diatomite leaching increased the filtration capacity of the filter media more than two times. The filtrate has high clarity (0.1 NTU
turbidity). The coating maintained structural stability during a filtration process performed at 5 bar and backflushing of 4 bar.
# 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.
Keywords: Membrane; Diatomite; Leaching; Filtration; Wastewater
1. Introduction
Generally, the custom-made ceramic filters have two layers:
a filter body (substrate), and its surface coating. The surface
coating performs the separating function and the substrate
beneath it serves as a support. Great attention has been
continued on the coating layer where the layer must have high
porosity, narrow pore size distribution and high structural
integrity. Besides some other structural properties, the available
pore area of the coating layer has great importance which
determined the filtration capacities as well as the filterability of
solid particles. Notably, the coating layer having more available
and well-dissipate pores provide a parallel stream during
filtration applications and thus high performance during solid/
liquid separation could be obtained [1].
Fabrication of such a high permeable coating is possibly
using the coating material being finer size of particles,
otherwise the coated particles has opened porosities itself. It
should be remembered that the fine size particles using as
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 274 265 20 31/4302;
fax: +90 274 265 20 66.
E-mail address: osmansan@dumlupinar.edu.tr (O. S
¸an).
0272-8842/$36.00 # 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.
doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2010.08.030
coating material required fine porosity substrate or more than
one layer produced for obtaining low pore size in the external
filtering layer. It is the fact that each additional stage of
membrane fabrication increased the cost. On the other hand, a
good coating with the finer particles initially requires preparing
of a homogeneous mixture of particles, liquid, and additives,
and the complementary stage is the forming process where the
selected type of compaction and its process variables
predominantly determine the characteristics of product
densification. The suspension consisting of a dispersed phase
can only permit particle rearrangement or compactions that
result in the formation of a dense uniform green microstructure.
Instead of the conventional application, the present approach
shows the possibility of obtaining highly permeable coating
with relatively coarse sizes of particles. In here diatomite
particles are used as the coating material which contains
numerous fine microscopic pores, cavities and channels, and
therefore the material leads to production of highly permeable
coating layers.
It is not easy to use diatomite particles as a coating material
where the high-grade diatomaceous earth containing a minimum
of about 95% diatomite (SiO2ÁnH2O) is less abundant in nature
and mostly the diatomite materials contains alumina with the
other impurities. The natural material has impurities such as
2. 74
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calcium which directly coats the surface of diatomite particles
and limits the use of this material for filtration application [2]. In
some cases, the impurities are less but their effect on sintering is
great. Recently, some porous ceramics obtained from diatomite
powders contained minor amounts of impurities such as smectite
and kaolinite, but the material led to products of highly variable
porosities after sintering [3]. It is clearly reveals that the
impurities cause fusion during high temperature sintering and
closes the microporosities.
Normally, calcination (at about 600 8C) of the diatomite
particles increased the powder qualities [4,5] but this process
did not open the fine microscopic pores in being the diatomite
particles. At this point, different application is proposed that the
diatomite coating was achieved using raw powder and sintering
applied at the calcination temperature and later, leaching
performed through the porous mass product. This type of
processing will provide the high permeable coating, but the
structural integrity of the coating is adversely affected by the
leaching process as well. Normally, the leaching damages the
coating integrity so badly.
Besides the above problem, this study is aimed to fabricate a
highly permeable coating layer using natural diatomite particles.
For this purpose some specific processes are considered: (i)
coating material partially filled the substrate pores, (ii) coating
produced by filtration technique and (ii) a glassy nature of
substrate is used. It is the fact that the coating is not necessarily on
the substrate-surface, it may be produced within the substrate
pores and the coating on the substrate-surface is so thinner. The
production of a thinner coating is advantageous, in which low
filtration resistance could be obtained during filtration operations
and the filter could easily be cleaned by backflushing. Another
advantage of the thinner coating is the sintering processing; high
integrity could be obtained between the substrate and the coating
material. The mechanism of thick coating is differently which
required approximately the same thermal expansion between the
substrate and coating materials, however the thin coating
tolerated some diverge expansions.
The filtration technique is selectively applied for the
fabrication of diatomite filtering layer. It is a preferred
technique because of its advantage of yielding a uniform
coating of the desired thickness onto thin, porous supports [6–
9]. The particulate packing is profoundly controlled by the
applied external force, suspension rheology and the microstructure of substrate material (pore size, shape, distribution
and available pore area). High compaction could be obtained
with well-dispersed particles and with a high pressure
application. The high compaction is necessary for complete
and uniformly densification.
This study used a glassy nature of substrate material where the
glassy component strongly binds the coating particles by melting
at relatively low temperatures. On the other hand, the raw
diatomite has contained some impurities and thus those helped
the sintering. In light of these, the calcination temperature may be
good enough for the diatomite coating. If the above-mentioned
diatomite coating is successful, a high performance ceramic filter
has been obtained by a low cost ceramic powder and with less
capital investment and also being simple process. This makes the
filter wide used in liquid/solid separation. The filtration
performance of filter also tested in dead-end (conventional cake
filtration) and periodic (thin-cake formation followed by
backflushing) filtration modes, with the use of submicron size
of calcite particles carried from wastewater stream.
2. Materials and methods
The composition of substrate material was designed as
93.50% SiO2, 1.53% Al2O3, 0.57% MgO, 0.17% Fe2O3, 3.27%
CaO, 0.52% K2O, 1.1% Na2O and 0.35% CaO. It was prepared
using powder mixtures of quartz, natural zeolite (clinoptilolite),
soda silica glass and calcium carbonate. The substrate was
formed as a tubular form using relatively coarse particles (finer
than 75 mm). The particles were wetted with water for
agglomeration and sieved through the aperture size of
45 mm, and the agglomerates were shaped by uniaxially
pressing at 650 kg/cm2, and sintered at 1100 8C for 1 h to
provide sufficient mechanical strength. The external surface
area of this tubular porous support was of 190.8 cm2.
The coating material was a raw diatomite obtained from the
¨
Kutahya region of Turkey. The main chemical composition was
as follows (wt.%): 68.08 SiO2, 17.99 Al2O3, 4.22 MgO, 3.36
Fe2O3, 1.32 K2O, 0.98 CaO, 0.67 Na2O and 0.29 TiO2. The
sample was ground in an attrition mill for more than 1 h using
alumina balls. The slurry was dried in 105 i8C for 24 h, and then
stored. The coating was of a colloidal suspension (0.1% solids
by weight) and achieved by pressure filtration (see Fig. 1). The
coating was achieved at 5 bar of filtration pressure. The
thickness of coating was varied; the first coating was operated
for the filtration time that the collection of filtrate was measured
as 400 ml (thin film coating), the second coating was produced
for 800 ml filtrate collection (moderate thickness). The thick
coating was performed for the filtrate amount gained 1000 ml.
The coated substrates were first air-dried overnight in a room at
60% humidity, and then kept in ambient conditions for a day
and finally oven-dried at 105 8C for 12 h. The coatings were
[(Fig._1)TD$IG]
Fig. 1. A schematic drawing of the filtration setup.
3. ˙
O. S
¸an, A. Imaretli / Ceramics International 37 (2011) 73–78
then sintered at 600 8C at a rate of 3 8C/min and 20 min of
densification time.
2.1. Leaching of the filtering layer
The above filter is potential to use in water filtration. On the
other hand, it is also potential material for production of much
more permeable during filtration. The diatomite particles after
leaching indicated highly porous microstructure [10,11]. The
leaching applied for the diatomite particles those were in acid
solution and continuously stirring was proceeds. By this way,
some impurities covering the fine microscopic pores of the
diatomite particles were removed. The present study is
differently where the leaching will be applied to the mass
product; the particles coated onto a silica-based substrate and
later applied the leaching processing.
The mass product leaching has great difference than the
freely particles where the hot-acid solution was recycled
through the filter mass. A schematic layout of the leaching
experimental setup is shown in Fig. 2. The filter chamber was
made of a glass tube of 12 cm diameter and 18 cm height,
which was placed on a magnetic stirrer plate. The chamber was
initially filled with the acid solution and heated to the desired
temperature. The prepared filter material was placed into the
acid solution, and first time the acid flowing through filter pores
was achieved with vacuum pump (65 kPa) while the slurry was
being continuously stirring. Later the acid flowing maintained
without the pumping because of the difference of the filter
chamber and discharging point of the acid solution which was
settled at about 100 cm below.
75
obtained from overflow stream were filtered through the
diatomite filters produced with and without leaching. The
filtration was in conventional cake filtration and periodic
filtration modes. The conventional filtration experiments were
conducted on the same setup which was previously prepared for
the filter coating studies (see Fig. 1). During the periodic
filtration, the filter was removed each time from the filter
chamber and compressed air was applied through the filtrate
discharge point. The periodic cycle was 5-min intervals and
applied pressure for filtration mode was of 5 bar and the
backflushing being 4 bar. The filtrate within the connected pipe
was removed from the system by backflushing through the filter;
after that the compressed air flow completely cleaned the filter
pores.
2.3. Evaluation and characterization
2.2. Filtration experiments
The study of the samples included: (i) chemical composition
measurement by X-ray fluorescence (Spectro X-LAB 200), (ii)
crystalline phase identification by X-ray analysis (Rigaku
Miniflex powder diffractometer employing Cu Ka radiation in
2u = 10–658 at a ganiometer rate of 2u = 28/min), (iii) particle
size determination by laser particle size analyzer (Malvern
Mastersizer 2000), (iv) microstructural analysis using a SEM
(Zeiss Suprat 50), (v) measurement of porosities by immersion
technique according to Archimedes’ principle, and (vi) the data
acquired from the filtration experiments as a function of time
were the cumulative filtrate volume and the turbidity of the
filtrate. The amount of filtrate was determined by an electronic
balance and the turbidity measurements were conducted on a
turbidimeter (Merck Turbiquant 1500 T), (vii) acid resistance
of the substrate material was determined in which the hot acid
solution (75 8C; 5 M HCl) recycled through the substrate pores
under 0.1 bar pressure difference for 1 h and later the weigh of
substrate before and after leaching was weight.
The marble wastewater was obtained from the Afyon region
[(Fig._2)TD$IG]of Turkey. The wastewater was settled and the fine particles
3. Results and discussion
The substrate pictures and pore size of the materials were
given in Figs. 3 and 4, respectively. The substrates were shaped
as tubular by pressing. The pore size has varied between 5 and
[(Fig._3)TD$IG]
Fig. 2. A schematic drawing of the leaching setup.
Fig. 3. Photos of the tubular porous substrates.
4. [(Fig._4)TD$IG]
76
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[(Fig._6)TD$IG]
O. S
¸an, A. Imaretli / Ceramics International 37 (2011) 73–78
Fig. 4. Pore size distribution of the substrate.
30 mm with some coarse and fine pores. The amount of
apparent porosity was measured by Archimedes technique and
found as 42%. The dimensions (5 cm of diameter and 12 cm of
high), pore size and their porosities are good enough for the
materials used as membrane substrates. Consequently, the
substrate was high silica-containing (93.50 wt.% SiO2) and thus
sintered material attained a glassy nature. Similar compositions
were studied previously and obtained that the microstructure
was of grains coated by glass [8,9,12]. The glassy pore
microstructure should have high acid resistance. In here such
testing was produced on the present substrate and obtained that
the substrate has the same weight before and after the leaching
operation where the experiment was conducted with the same
leaching condition for the substrate without coating.
The diatomite particles used as coating material was ground
through the attention that the particle size being close value
with the maximum pore size of the substrate material (see
Figs. 4 and 5). By this way, the particles filled the substrate
pores could be obtained. In here, a clogging phenomenon of
filtration coating was designed because of the partially filling of
the diatomite particles within the substrate pores which
produced denser layer at the surface could be obtained.
Fig. 6 shows fracture surface of the diatomite coated membrane
filter. The coating produced with less time coating (thin layer).
It is clearly shown that the substrate pores filled by the
diatomite particles during the filtration coating to yield
narrower pore entrances at the surface. The coating is shown
significantly thin (see Fig. 6) but the diatomite particles
completely covered the substrate-surface (see Fig. 7). The
Fig. 6. The SEM photograph of the typical edge of the ceramic membrane filter
for thinner coating.
[(Fig._7)TD$IG]
thickness of coating was increased (moderate thickness), at this
time, some crack was observed which can be detected by
scanning electron microscopy. The thick coating produced
large cracking and can be seen by eyes. These results indicated
that the only thin coating is successful for the membrane
fabrication.
Fig. 8 shows the surface picture of the diatomite coated filter.
This picture focused on the investigation of grains microstructures where we are looking the characteristic skeletal
structure of the diatomite particles after sintering where the
sintering applied at 600 8C produced either the microscopic
pores opened or not. The diatomite particles are shown to be
densely; some impurities have been deposited on the particles.
It is obviously that the impurities covered the diotamite
particles and those were not melted during the sintering. Thus,
the application of 1 h of leaching is good enough for remove of
the impurities where the skeletal structure of diatomite could be
obtained after the leaching for 1 h (see Fig. 9). It is clear that
such a microstructure has high permeability during water
[(Fig._5)TD$IG]
Fig. 5. Size distributions of the diatomite particles for coating.
Fig. 7. The SEM photograph of the surface of the ceramic membrane filter after
coating.
5. [(Fig._8)TD$IG]
˙
[(Fig._10)TD$IG]
O. S
¸an, A. Imaretli / Ceramics International 37 (2011) 73–78
77
Fig. 10. Size distributions of the marble wastewater stream (overflow from
thickening by gravity).
[(Fig._1)TD$IG]
Fig. 8. The SEM photograph of the diatomite particles from surface of the
coating before leaching.
filtration studies where the number of pores at the filtering layer
was increased.
3.1. Filtration testing of the membrane filters
The filters produced with and without leaching were tested
for fine particles supplied from marble wastewater stream. The
wastewater obtained from the marble factory contained varying
sizes of solid particles. They consist of relatively large sizes
(d50 = 15 mm) with smaller amounts of submicron particles
(d5 = 1.0 mm). The solid concentration is at about 0.69% by
weight. The crystalline phase detected by X-ray analysis was
calcite. The wastewater was settled in a thickener without
pretreatment (coagulation or flocculation) and obtained that the
oversize waste containing fine size of particles (see Fig. 10)
with the solid content having the turbidity at about 187 NTU.
The settling time of the wastewater was not too much; it was
applied for 7 min and obtained effectively settling.
The waste contained submicron calcite particles were
filtered using the presently fabricated filters. Fig. 11 shows
Fig. 11. Filtrate collection versus filtration time for the diatomite coated filter
without (a) and with (b) leaching.
[(Fig._9)TD$IG]
the total filtrate collection versus filtration times. Significant
difference was observed between the diatomite filters with and
without leaching; the diatomite purification by leaching
increased the filtration capacity more than two times. The
filtrate turbidities were also taken and observed that the
leaching increased the turbidity but not significantly (see
Fig. 12). It is pleasantly that the fine microscopic pores of the
diatomite particles proved non-clogging filtration and thus
advantageously to use of this material for filtration of fine size
particles.
The above good result alone is not enough for the filter used
industrial applications. The filter should be cleanable with a
simple technique such as backflushing. Actually, the high
filtration capacity could not be continued through the longer
[(Fig._12)TD$IG]
Fig. 9. The SEM photograph of the diatomite particles from surface of the
coating after leaching.
Fig. 12. The turbidity of filtrate obtained from the diatomite filter without (a)
and with (b) leaching.
6. [(Fig._13)TD$IG]
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O. S
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Fig. 13. Periodic filtration plots for the leached diatomite filtering layer.
time of filtration in which the surface pores of filter media filled
with fine particles and formed a skin layer. The less permeable
part of the system decreased the permeability. Thus, the formed
cake on the filter surface should be removed periodically. In this
study, cleaning of the filter media was applied by combined
filtrate backflushing and air blowing outside the filter unit. The
backflush pressure was applied at 4 bar and the cleaning
performance of filter was examined. Fig. 13 presents plots of
the filtrate volume per cycle as a function of number of cycles. It
is clear from the plots that the membrane provided is at about
the same filtrate amounts, meaning that the present membrane
filter could be cleaned effectively.
It should be noted that the diatomite coating after leach
proceeds has high integrity where the backflush cleaning of
filter serviced was of 4 bar. The high integrity may due to
followings: (i) coating was greatly produced within the
substrate pores, (ii) diatomite impurities with the glassy pore
produced good wetting during the sintering (at 600 8C) and (iii)
filtration coating produced dense compaction and thus high
efficiency could be obtained during the sintering.
4. Conclusions
Highly porous coating onto a ceramic substrate can be
successfully prepared from raw diatomite particles where
sintering applied at 600 8C and later hot-acid (75 8C and 5 M
HCl) leaching produced for 1 h using the acid solution which
recycled through the mass product by low pressure (0.1 bar)
filtration. The success can be explained by the structural
integrity of the diatomite coating after leaching operation
where the coating maintained the structural stability for 4 bar of
backflushing. These following salient conclusions related to the
substrate, coating and leaching operations can be advanced: (i)
the substrate prepared from a high silica-containing glaze
where the obtained pores were of interconnected to each other
and grains were coated by glass. This type of microstructure
sufficiently for coating and provided high sinterability with low
temperature, (ii) the substrate pores were relatively large for
filling the diatomite particles into the pores where the high
structural integrity could be obtained after sintering, (iii)
filtration technique was advantageously during the coating
where the diatomite particles migrated through the substrate
pores and produced a dense compaction at the surface pores and
thus obtained high integrity, (iv) the hot-acid solution recycled
through the filter pores and thus obtained high performance
leaching, thus less time leaching produced high permeable filter
material.
The filtration performance of the present filter was examined
using submicron size of calcite particles from a marble
wastewater stream. The filter media was produced more than
two times higher filtration capacities than the coating without
leaching. Additionally, the obtained filtrate has high clarities
($0.1 NTU). The filter is also cleanable with backflushing and air
blowing. The periodic filtration experiment of the marble
wastewater showed that the filter (5 cm of diameter and 12 cm of
high) provided $23 l of filtrate through the filtration conducted at
5-min intervals at 5 bar pressure.
Acknowledgement
The authors acknowledge with sincere gratitude the financial
support provided by the Turkish State Planning Organization
(DPT) project 2003K120380.
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