This document provides an assessment and proposed intervention plan for a region in Ethiopia called Oromiya. It summarizes that the region has a population of over 27 million people, many of whom live rurally and face challenges like drought, lack of access to water and healthcare, high rates of malnutrition and disease. The proposed intervention aims to address malnutrition in children under 5 through community education programs, providing drought-resistant crops, teaching water purification and nutrition techniques, and generating income through activities like weaving baskets. A pilot study over 1 year would assess these interventions in a sample of 400 households and involve training local experts and community members to implement and continue the programs.
Social Protection and Its Impact on Food and Nutrition SecurityPascal Corbé
Food and Nutrition Security and Social Protection
Lessons Learned, Trends and Conclusions for German Development Cooperation
Gained on Missions to Ethiopia, Cambodia & Malawi
By Elke Kasmann, Martina Kress, Ines Reinhard, Annette Roth of GIZ
Held at Event: Agriculture Meets Social Protection: How can food and nutrition security benefit?
7 July 2016
Social Protection and Agriculture for Food Security: Breaking the Cycle of Po...Pascal Corbé
Benjamin Davis, Strategic Programme Leader, Rural Poverty Reduction at FAO, presents at GIZ workshop "Agriculture Meets Social Protection: How can food and nutrition security benefit?", Eschborn, 7 July 2016
“Safe drinking water and clean hands: Essential nutrients!” presented by Rochelle Rainey, USAID Global Health Bureau at the ReSAKSS-Asia Conference, Nov 14-16, 2011, in Kathmandu, Nepal.
Gardens of Hope: Urban Micro-Farming
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases Food Production from School Gardens
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Access to Sanitation Facilities in a Predominantly Rural District in Ghana: S...Premier Publishers
Access to sanitation services is generally poor in developing countries including Ghana. Whereas works on the effect of sanitation on health have been interrogated, those on the relationship of socio-economic and demographic factors and access to sanitation services are limited. Besides, the issue of equity in access to sanitation services is least explored. The main objectives of this research were to explore the relationship between background characteristics of respondents and access to sanitation services and to examine whether there is equity in access to sanitation facilities in the Pru district of the Brong Ahafo region (Now Bono East Region) of Ghana. The integrated behavioural theory underpinned the study whilst the mixed methods approach was used as a research approach. A combination of simple random, systematic and accidental sample techniques was used to derive a sample of 380 based on the statistical table designed by Krejcie and Morgan (1970). Results show that, first and foremost, education and income levels had a positive effect on access to sanitation services. Secondly, women had better access to sanitation services than men largely due to the cultural factor of the recognition of the sacredness of the nude of women. Secondly, there is no equity in access to sanitation services since urban areas have better access than rural areas and the rich access safe sanitation services more. The propositions that there is inequity in access to sanitation services in the study area, and that the rich and affluent have better access to such services have been vindicated. Besides, the integrated behavioural theory has been justified.
Social Protection and Its Impact on Food and Nutrition SecurityPascal Corbé
Food and Nutrition Security and Social Protection
Lessons Learned, Trends and Conclusions for German Development Cooperation
Gained on Missions to Ethiopia, Cambodia & Malawi
By Elke Kasmann, Martina Kress, Ines Reinhard, Annette Roth of GIZ
Held at Event: Agriculture Meets Social Protection: How can food and nutrition security benefit?
7 July 2016
Social Protection and Agriculture for Food Security: Breaking the Cycle of Po...Pascal Corbé
Benjamin Davis, Strategic Programme Leader, Rural Poverty Reduction at FAO, presents at GIZ workshop "Agriculture Meets Social Protection: How can food and nutrition security benefit?", Eschborn, 7 July 2016
“Safe drinking water and clean hands: Essential nutrients!” presented by Rochelle Rainey, USAID Global Health Bureau at the ReSAKSS-Asia Conference, Nov 14-16, 2011, in Kathmandu, Nepal.
Gardens of Hope: Urban Micro-Farming
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases Food Production from School Gardens
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Access to Sanitation Facilities in a Predominantly Rural District in Ghana: S...Premier Publishers
Access to sanitation services is generally poor in developing countries including Ghana. Whereas works on the effect of sanitation on health have been interrogated, those on the relationship of socio-economic and demographic factors and access to sanitation services are limited. Besides, the issue of equity in access to sanitation services is least explored. The main objectives of this research were to explore the relationship between background characteristics of respondents and access to sanitation services and to examine whether there is equity in access to sanitation facilities in the Pru district of the Brong Ahafo region (Now Bono East Region) of Ghana. The integrated behavioural theory underpinned the study whilst the mixed methods approach was used as a research approach. A combination of simple random, systematic and accidental sample techniques was used to derive a sample of 380 based on the statistical table designed by Krejcie and Morgan (1970). Results show that, first and foremost, education and income levels had a positive effect on access to sanitation services. Secondly, women had better access to sanitation services than men largely due to the cultural factor of the recognition of the sacredness of the nude of women. Secondly, there is no equity in access to sanitation services since urban areas have better access than rural areas and the rich access safe sanitation services more. The propositions that there is inequity in access to sanitation services in the study area, and that the rich and affluent have better access to such services have been vindicated. Besides, the integrated behavioural theory has been justified.
Nepal poverty mapping Project: Human Development Report DataNepDevWiki
The slideshow compiles data for Nepal based on 2009 UNDP Human Development Report for Nepal. This is part of the Nepal Poverty Mapping Project of Nepal Development Wiki. (nepaldevelopment.pbworks.com)
Asmamaw Eshete
REGIONAL WORKSHOP
SPIR II Learning Event
Co-organized by IFPRI, USAID, CARE, ORDA, and World Vision
MAY 16, 2023 - 9:00AM TO MAY 17, 2023 - 5:00PM EAT
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Gajapati_OdishaPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Shivpuri_Madhya PradeshPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
International development through volunteer work for a community health proje...David Brooks
Paper presented at the 14th Annual Conference of the Hawaii International Conference on Education, January 3-6, 2016, Hilton Hawaiian Village Waikiki Beach Resort in Honolulu, Hawaii.
Abstract
One way to achieve optimal use of development aid funds is to capitalize on the low-cost human resources through the humanitarian spirit found among students and teacher volunteers in developed nations. Effective programs that employ volunteer teacher trainers, student workers, and health care volunteers can bolster professional development of teacher and student work experience in local communities, thereby meeting part of people's basic needs in developing countries. Such low-cost, cooperative efforts can energize the professional and international work expertise of both the local native people and the visiting volunteers
This presentation describes how a volunteer international service program had and is having a positive effect on building a community health service in a rural Cameroon village in West Africa, a project founded and run by the late Phyllis Jansyn. Discussion of how similar programs can be established and maintained. Further, some guidelines for planning volunteer programs, recruiting volunteers, and implementing a volunteer training program are outlined. Finally, ways to assist local government offices, community welfare organizations and local schools to meet their some of the manpower needs through cooperation with foreign education ministries, teacher training institutions, professional education organizations, and in cooperation with individuals in developed countries are proposed.
Nutrition-sensitive food systems: from concepts to practice: Resources for de...Francois Stepman
15 May 2017. Brussels. Infopoint Lunchtime Conference: presentation by Cristina Amaral, Director, FAO liaison office with the European Union and Belgium
Charlotte Dufour, FAO Nutrition policy and programme officer
Domitille Kauffmann, FAO Nutrition and resilience and capacity development advisor
Diversifying diets and driving commercialization of dryland cereals and legum...ICRISATESA
This is a presentation on what ICRISAT is doing in Kenya to promote utilization of more nutritious foods with the aim of diversifying diets and creating a demand pull for nutritious drought tolerant crops - sorghum, millets, pigeonpea, greengrams, groundnuts and cowpeas.
Mainstreaming human nutrition in livestock interventions: Lessons learned fro...ILRI
Presented by Domitille Kauffmann and Paula Dominguez-Salas at a webinar on “The importance of products of animal origin in human nutrition” organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Livestock Technical Network, 24 April 2015.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...
2010 team 3
1. Planting the Seeds of the Future
Project PSF-Ethiopia
1
Global Health Competition
Team 3
Vanessa Gaioso
Hunter Howell
Loraine Kanyare
Tsuguhiko Kato
Irene Tami
2. Assessment – Oramiya Region
• Population: 27,158,471
(2007 Census)
• 48% Muslim 31% Orthodox,
and local religions
• 85% Oromo
• 89% Rural
• Chronic drought
• 51% total coffee production
in the country
• 24% engage in non-farm
related jobs
• Child mortality 178 death
per 1,000 live birth
• 6.4 births per a woman
• 4.8 per household
• Life expectancy 42 years
• 31 hospitals
• 242 health centers
• 3,758 health posts
2
3. Assessment (cont’d)
• Children under 5:
• 41% stunted
• 9.6% malnourished.
• 34.4% underweight
• 32% Access safe drinking
water
• Infectious Diseases:
• Malaria
• Food or water borne diseases
(Bacterial, Protozoal diarrhea,
hepatitis A&E, and typhoid
fever
• Respiratory infections
• Education
• Literacy Rates-62% Men, 30%
Women
• 62.5% enrolled in primary school
• 10% enrolled in secondary
school
• High dropout rate especially
among girls
• 44% affected Poverty
• Governance and institutions
• Public Policy and Budget
Allocation
• 50% of Budge on Military
• 6% on Health Care.
3
4. Potential Barriers
• Geographic area (Rural)
• High illiteracy rate esp. among women
• Drought
• Access to clean water & associated hygiene
practices
• High mortality rate
• Centralized government
• Military conflicts & displaced population
4
5. Objectives
1) Improve Nutritional Status of Children Under Five Years
2) To develop Self Sustaining and Gender Sensitive
Interventions that Integrate Agriculture, Education, and
Income Generation
3) Utilize Alternative Technology for Water Purification,
Hygiene, & Extremely Nutritious Leaf Protein Concentrate
5
6. Malnutrition Status
41 % are stunted (children < 5 y-o)
9.4% children malnourished
34.4%children underweight
50% women underweight
Infections/Diseases
Malaria
-Parasitic Diseases/ Diarrhea
- HIV/AIDS
-Hepatitis
-Typhoid fever
Nutrition Intake
Food Shortage,
5 person per household
Food delivery-no gas, truck
Education
(Literacy rate 62% men – 30% women)
Behavior &
Caring Practices
↓ Hygiene
↓ Education
↓ Latrines
Health Services
↓ sanitation
↓ safe water
↓ immunization
coverage
Household Food
Security
Rural women spend
time caring wood,
child, water
Military Conflicts
Unequal Distribution of Resources
Centralized Government, Gender Inequality, Poverty,
Agricultural resources (timing/quantity of rain season, erosion of land)
Manifestation
Direct
Causes
Indirect
Causes
Fundamental
Causes
Based in UNICEF Model
7. Pilot Study
• Duration – 1 year (pilot), 2 years (replication)
• Location – Borana zone in Oromiya 11%Urban,
2 million, about 4,000 households,
• Sample size – 400 households
7
8. Intervention
Description:
• Tri-location Educational Sessions -
schools, market places, local health
centers etc
• 2 training levels -> community and
local trainers
Health Professional, Community
Worker Training
• Rapid Malnutrition Assessment and triage
• Health education
• De-worming/partnership with other NGOs
• Solar Water Purification
• Leaf concentrate process, storage and
advantages to community
8
9.
10. Intervention
Community Education
• Microfinance opportunity – High grain
prices sometimes not affordable for
farmers –Bioengineered drought resistant
sorghum seeds loaned out for subsistence
farming
– First harvest after 3 months
• Women of Ethiopia traditionally weave
beautiful baskets for daily use, Coffee –
cash crop Partnership with Coffee Grower
Association to purchase – small baskets
woven by local women to package retail
coffee to market for export & tourists -
Income generating opportunity
• Expert to teach – leaf concentrate
process, storage and advantages to
community Highly Nutritious Leaf Protein
Concentrate – (rich in beta carotene, iron,
& high quality protein) – Effective in
combating malnutrition, esp anemia & vit
A deficiency prevalent in children &
pregnant women in developing countries
- Easily combined with variety of local
available foods to make culturally
acceptable dishes.
• Water purification – teach low tech water
purification techniques - combine of the
sun's ultra violet rays and heat to kill
pathogenic germs - that spread much
diarrheal in Africa
• Reinforce hygiene (hand washing,
vegetables, construction of latrines/
partnership)
10
12. Pilot Study Time Frame
12
Activity Feb Mar Apr May Jun
e
July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan-
Marc
Establish logistics (office sites and transportation)
Identify key personnel
Governtment contacts for buy-in
Community Based Participation (informed consent)- Problem
Identification
•Hire local experts
•Trainer training – medical professionals- triage malnutrition
cases, women – handicraft (illustrated training material or
pamphlet), men – sorghum cultivation & storage(6 weeks)
•Meet community leaders
•Identify intervention sites
•Purchase the intervention supplies
•Partner with coffee farmer association-purchase woven
basket local women
•Community Assessment (local hospital chart-weight for
height, observation of visible severe wasting & nutritional
edema)
•Community malnutrition awareness education (9 months)
•Microfinance-first seeds delivery
•Weaving – income generation women
•Solar water purification training
•Combat children malnutrition with leave extract.
• Continuous evaluation
•Continue intervention
Microfinance-crop return
Quarterly assessment and spontaneous director site visit
Community leader involvement in microfinance project
Quarterly assessment and spontaneous director site visit
Test effectiveness of the intervention
13. Illustrative Budget
Training = XXX
Office overhead = $200 * 12=
Experts for training = XXX*10
Incentive= Goats and chickens
Sorghum= $300 per metric tons
Director Salary = XXX
Administrative personnel =XXX
Expert Salary (local experts,
leader women experts)
= 10 * XXX
Transportation (vehicles,
trucks, and repair)
= XXX
Refreshments = XXX
Infant mortality 76 per 10,000 live births 51% is first month
Note mention low rate of vaccination and other resions are higher far more children in Oromiya are more likely to die from preventable diseases.
Govt of ethiopia currentl;y pursuing policyy of decentralization towards more local level planning
Community involvement
Female oriented
Children’s nutrition
Family malnutrition awareness including parasitic risk, hygiene, nutritional meals
Microfinancing (Sorghum)Pyramid
Health work training (rapid malnutrition assessment)
local leaders involvement (improving hygiene, sanitary environment, and access to clean water)
Radio Show as incentive (community leader interview Iman, Church leader, Medical Professional)
Sustainability/self sufficient
Multi dimensional approach
Short term and long term intervention
Cost - $ 300 per metric ton. CHEAP!!!
Expert to teach – leaf concentrate process, storage and advantages to community Highly Nutritious Leaf Protein Concentrate – (rich in beta carotene, iron, & high quality protein) – Effective in combating malnutrition, esp anemia & vit A deficiency prevalent in children & pregnant women in developing countries. It is easily combined with variety of local available foods to make culturally acceptable dishes.
25kg
2ND BULLET: Partnership with Coffee Grower Association to purchase – small baskets woven by local women to package retail coffee to market for export & tourists - Income generating opportunity. Women of Ethiopia traditionally weave beautiful baskets for daily use, Coffee – cash crop
Involving Principal stakeholders from the very start is a Priority-Inviting them to educational sessions and involving them in key decisions r/t intervention dev. ( based on previous pilinot studies done in the region).
Avoiding exagerated expectations ( be clear that they are the ones that will make marked changes their participation is keye we will explain opbjectives very clearly from start
Obtain villagers consent ->
