3. Solution Overview: Three Components
Small Business Opportunity
Local Partner: Sakshi NGO Fertilizer
Biodegradable Self-Sanitizing Bags
Local Partner: ESI Ecological Sanitation
Education
Local Partner: HEEALS Activity Based Curriculum
3
5. Education Campaign
Objective:
Facilitate peer educators’ dissemination of health consequences
related to OD, how to eliminate those consequences, and
entrepreneurial skills
Strategy:
Three modules of an activity based curriculum
5
6. Education Campaign: Implementation
• Module 1: Health Consequences of Open Defecation
• Local Partner: Health, Education, Environment, and Livelihood Society (HEEALS)
• Example Activities: Feces calculation, visual representation of feces in food/water
• Module 2: How to Eliminate Health Consequences of Open Defecation
• Local Partner: Environmental Sanitation Institute
• Example Activities: Integrating BioBags into your everyday routine
• Module 3: How to Grow Your Own Small Business
• Local Partner: Sakshi NGO
• Activities: Entrepreneurial skills, creating fertilizer, community development6
7. Goals for Peer Educators
• A pilot program will target 7 villages in rural Uttar Pradesh
• We will train 15 peer educators in each village
• Each educator will host two workshops for 30 people within their
social network
• 1 peer educator will reach 60 people in his or her social network
• 105 peer educators will reach 6,300 adults in 7 villages
7
8. Our NGO + Partners
Village Peer
Educator
Social
Network
30
Family
Members
Social
Network
30
Family
Members8
9. Biodegradable Self Sanitizing Bags
BioBag vs. Pit Latrine
BioBag Pit Latrine
Containment of Feces Yes Yes
Removes Pathogens Yes No
Ecological Yes No
Convenient Yes No
Cultural Integration Yes No
Sustainable Yes No
Cost-Effective Yes No
Scalable Yes No
9
10. What to do with all these bags…
The waste is converted to a valuable resource – fertilizer!
For Entrepreneurs
• Small business opportunity
• Local partner Sakshi NGO would
assist with educating entrepreneurs
on a viable business plan to market
their fertilizer product
For Farmers
• Supplement to existing crops
• Burying the BioBags in a garden or
field would enrich the soil
• Farmers would grow better crops
10
15. Sustainability
• Government will move from paying for latrines to paying for BioBags
• Government will save money on health care
• Potential for citizens to purchase bags
• Potential for Indian BioBag manufacturing facility
15
16. Costs Associated with Open Defecation
Premature mortality: $29,052 million (Rs. 1,317 billion)
Productivity loss: $4,787 million (Rs. 217 billion)
+ Health care: $4,677 million (Rs. 212 billioin)
Total: $38.5 billion (Rs. 1.75 trillion)
• Per person: $30.75 (Rs. 1908.01)
• Savings from Pilot Program: $322,875 (Rs. 20 million)
16
17. Monitoring and Evaluation
Baseline Data
• Ammonia levels in common
defecation areas
• Incidence of diarrheal
disease in children
• Access to proper sanitation
Mid-Evaluation
• Ammonia levels in common
defecation areas
• Incidence of diarrheal
disease in children
• Access to proper sanitation
• Workshop attendance
numbers
• Number of small business
entrepreneurs
• Troubleshoot challenges
• Recommendations for
scaling up
End Evaluation
• Ammonia levels in common
defecation areas
• Incidence of diarrheal
disease in children
• Access to proper sanitation
• Workshop attendance
numbers
• Number of small business
entrepreneurs
• Recommendations for
sustainability17
18. Potential Challenges and Mitigation
• Risk of program disappearing as political leadership changes
• Ensure smooth transition between NGOs and government with easy to understand
training manuals
• Risk of losing participants between modules
• Peer educators responsible for reaching out to social network to ensure continued
participation
• Cultural barriers
• Strong partnerships with local NGOs
18
19. Budget
• The 7 village pilot program will reach 10,500 people for $228,900
• Costs included:
• Biodegradable product
• Workshop Supplies
• Training Materials
• At the end of year two, our remaining budget would allow us to
potentially scale up to 30 more villages
• See Appendix for budget details on additional costs associated with
personnel and contingency
19
20. Solution Overview: Three Components
Practical
Considerations
Ecological
Fecal to Oral
Transmission
Economic
Considerations
Infrastructure
Supplementing
Income
Cultural
Considerations
Religious
Social
20
21. Conclusion Statement
An educational campaign paired with Biodegradable Self-Sanitizing Bags is
the most effective and culturally appropriate solution given the resources
of our NGO and the current state of infrastructure in rural Uttar Pradesh.
21
22. References
• Shakya, H. B., Christakis, N. A., & Fowler, J. H. (2014). Association Between Social Network Communities
and Health Behavior: An Observational Sociocentric Network Study of Latrine Ownership in Rural
India. American Journal of Public Health, 104(5).
• Biran, A., Schmidt, W. P., Varadharajan, K. S., Rajaraman, D., Kumar, R., Greenland, K., ... & Curtis, V.
(2014). Effect of a behaviour-change intervention on handwashing with soap in India (SuperAmma): a
cluster-randomised trial.The lancet global health, 2(3), e145-e154.
• Olx.in. 2015. Cars. Retrieved February 5, 2015 from: http://olx.in/uttarpradesh/cars/
• Numbeo.com. 2015. Cost of Living in Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India. Retrieved February 5, 2015 from:
http://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/city_result.jsp?country=India&city=Mathura%2C+Uttar+Pradesh
• Health, Education, Environment, and Livelihood Society. 2013. http://heeals.org/
• Environmental Sanitation Institute. 2014. http://www.esigujarat.org/
• Sakshi Center for Information, Education, and Communication. http://www.sakshingo.org/
• Water and Sanitation Program. The Economic Impacts of Inadequate Sanitation in India. Retrieved February
6, 2015 from: http://www.wsp.org/sites/wsp.org/files/publications/wsp-esi-india.pdf
22
23. References cont.
• Economist. 2014. The Final Frontier. The Economist Asia. Retrieved November 13, 2014 from:
http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21607837-fixing-dreadfulsanitation-india-requires-not-just-building-lavatories-also-
changing
• BPI. 2012. Standard EN 13432: Proof of compostability of plastic products. Retrieved February 6, 2015 from:
http://www.bpiworld.org/page-190437
• UNICEF. 2011. The Situation of Children in India: A Profile. Retrieved February 6, 2015 from:
http://www.unicef.org/india/The_Situation_of_Children_in_India_-__A_profile_20110630_.pdf
• National Family Health Survey Bulletin. 1996. Fertility and Contraceptive Use in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Uttar
Pradesh. Retrieved February 6, 2015 from: http://www.eastwestcenter.org/fileadmin/stored/pdfs/NFHSbull003.pdf
• UNDP. 2011. About Uttar Pradesh. Retrived February 5, 2015 from:
http://www.in.undp.org/content/india/en/home/operations/about_undp/undp-in-Uttar-Pradesh/about-UP/
• Patil SR, Arnold BF, Salvatore AL, Briceno B, Ganguly S, Colford Jr JM, Gertler PJ. 2014. The Effect of India's Total
Sanitation Campaign on Defecation Behaviors and Child Health in Rural Madhya Pradesh: A Cluster Randomized Controlled
Trial. PLOS Medicine. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001709
• Mehrotra K. 2014. India’s Toilet Race Failing as Villages don’t Use Them. Bloomberg. Retrieved February 6, 2015 from:
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-08-03/india-s-toilet-race-failing-asvillages-don-t-use-them.html
23
24. Appendices - Budget
GHCC Budget
Year 1 Year 2 Remaining
Beginning Balance $2,000,000.00 $1,490,491.80 $1,254,339.60
Personnel
Lodging $5,221.62 $5,221.62
Utilites $2,030.58 $2,030.58
Transportation $2,256.00
Personnel Total $9,508.20 $7,252.20
Materials
Biodegradable Product $176,400.00
Workshop Supplies $31,500.00
Training Materials (Paper, ink, etc.) $21,000.00
Materials Total $0.00 $228,900.00
Contingency Funds
Set Aside for Emergencies $500,000.00
24
26. Appendices - Bags
• Dimensions
• Outer bag: 7x15in
• Inner tube
• Circumference: 19
• Length: 9
• Materials
• Biodegradable plastics meeting EU Standard EN 13432:
Proof of composability of plastic products. BioBag
disintegrates and is broken down into carbon dioxide,
water, and biomass.
• Each BioBag will contain urea. When the urea comes
into contact with urine or feces the pathogens will
begin to be broken down. Furthermore, urea is the most
common artificial fertilizer in the world.
• Production
• A high speed production line will make half a million
BioBags can be manufactured each day.27
Humanizing population – who are the people
Reinforce mission of locally owned rhetoric that captures people
78% are rural
Agriculture is the largest industry
Rural environment associated with high rates of stunting in India
72% practice OD
Jac
Jac
Sarahanne
The objective of our education component is to help community leaders talk to people in their village about open defecation. We will train peer educators to lead an activity based curriculum
Sarahanne
Peer educators will lead three learning modules. The first module is an honest, visual representation of how open defecation negatively impacts their health outcomes. We want to show them how the practice is unclean and contradicts with religious text in this way. The second module will offer a practical solution to eliminating those health consequences. Finally, we will talk about entrepreneurial skills they can use to turn their own waste into a viable business.
Sarahanne
Each peer educator will need to reach 60 people in their social network. Studies show that behavioral change occurs more frequently if adopted by members of the same social group, so we’ll recruit peer educators from multiple niches of the community. The pilot program will target 7 villages. 105 peer educators will reach 6,300 adults in 7 villages.
This is how information will flow. Together with our NGO partners, we will train 15 peer educators in each village who will reach out to 60 members of their social network through 2 education workshops. Participants in the workshops will receive education and materials to implement this solution with their whole family. Anyone who participates in the workshop will receive bags for their whole family.
Jac
The double layered self sanitizing bags are appropriate for one use and are then discarded and turned into fertilizer in 4 weeks.
The materials are UN approved
Sold in packs of 28 which is enough for one person for a month
Ecological Sanitation Institute
Bag specs
Dist
Sarahanne
The first year will focus entirely on cultural integration and starting discussion within communities about sanitation solutions. We will implement our pilot program in the second year. The third year will be for scaling up and expanding our solution to more villages.
Sarahanne
During the first 6 months, we want to establish rapport with the community and our local partners. Going out to these villages and talking to people about getting involved in sanitation improvement will iterate that our proposal is a locally driven solution that they can tailor to their situation. Collection of baseline data will also take place in the first 6 months. Peer educators will be identified and trained during the last half of year 1. During the second year, those local community leaders will lead the education campaign in their village. After 24 months, we’ll compare our evaluation to baseline data and troubleshoot any problems peer educators experienced during implementation. In the final year, our team will reach out to other villages with this model. A final data collection point will occur at the end of three years and our evaluation here will be factored in to sustainability recommendations.
Jac
Jac
Jac
Number of lives saved
Money saved in healthcare costs
http://www.wsp.org/sites/wsp.org/files/publications/wsp-esi-india.pdf
Sarahanne
We will have three points of data collection. At each point, we’ll compare information about ammonia levels in areas known to be popular for open defecation, incidence of diarrheal disease and stunting in children, and determine what percent of our target audience has access to proper sanitation. Other ways to measure success will include attendance at workshops and the number of entrepreneurs who start their own business.
Sarahanne
The biggest challenge concerning sustainability is changes in political leadership. One administration may not support the program as much as the next. To ensure a smooth transition between NGOs and the government, we’ll provide easy to understand training materials and data that supports the success of the program. Also, participants may not show up for every module. The peer educators will personally reach out to those who miss modules to discuss sanitation information. Our NGO will overcome cultural barriers by establishing strong partnerships with local, Indian based NGOs.
Sarahanne
The initial pilot program will reach 10,500 people for just under $230,000. This figure includes a year’s supply of BioBag for the target population and the education campaign supplies. You can check out our appendix to see other details about personnel costs and a contingency fund. During the third year, we’ll use the remaining budget to scale up our model and expand our reach.
Sarahanne
So in summary, the three components of our solution are practical, economical, and culturally appropriate. We’re implementing an ecological sanitation approach to support agriculture and improve sanitation. The BioBag system quickly eliminates harmful human pathogens and fecal to oral transmission to reduce stunting. Also, our solution requires no investment or change to the existing infrastructure. We’re using what’s already in place in rural areas of Uttar Pradesh. Some people will chose to supplement their income with our small business opportunity which increases their purchasing power and improves the degree of control they have over their health outcomes. Most importantly, our solution is not forcing a westernized view. They can continue to act in accordance with their religious beliefs and social norms. Our bags just make it cleaner.
