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Formative Research- Animal-Inclusive Community Led Total Sanitation Project―P...ILRI
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The critical crossroads of animal, human, and environmental health: Scaling u...ILRI
Presented by Mark Mitchell, Kristina Roesel, Bernard Bett, Lasha Avaliani, Bedasa Eba and Christine Jost at a Livestock and Livelihoods Webinar series, 21 September 2021
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Presentation by Dirk Hoekstra, Azage Tegegne, Berhanu Gebremedhin and Tesfaye Lemma at the National dairy forum, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 23-24 November 2010.
Mainstreaming human nutrition in livestock interventions: Lessons learned fro...ILRI
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Skills and Gaps: A Capacity Needs Assessment of Peri-urban Dairy Chains aroun...ILRI
Presentation by Jan van der Lee, Abebe Tessama, Mengistu Nigussie and Mekdes Asfaw at the National dairy forum, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 23-24 November 2010.
Presented by Samuel ‘Niyi Adediran at the Technology for African Agricultural Transformation (TAAT) Small Ruminants Value Chain Inception Meeting, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 22 June 2018
Role of women in livestock management, their constraints and training need-Pu...Dr Shifa Ul Haq
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Role of women in livestock management, their constraints and training need-Pu...Dr Shifa Ul Haq
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This is a brief description of role of women in livestock management, their constraints and training need in Pakistan
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Poster prepared by J. Gitau, J.M.K. Ojango, E. Oyieng, J. Gachora and A.W.T. Muigai for the Regional Pastoral Livelihoods Resilience Project (RPLRP) Gender and Resilience Share Fair organized by IGAD, Nairobi, 9-11 August 2021
Integrating gender into livestock value chainsILRI
Presented by Kathleen Colverson at the Workshop on In-depth smallholder pig value chain assessment and preliminary identification of best-bet interventions, Kampala, 9-11 April 2013
The influence of livestock-derived foods on the nutrition of mothers and infa...ILRI
Presented by Delia Grace, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Silvia Alonso at a Land O’Lakes/ILRI workshop on animal source foods for nutrition impact, Nairobi, Kenya, 4 May 2017.
The Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock: Value proposition and modes of d...ILRI
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Dr. Pamela Mukaire of the Resources for Improving Birth Outcomes at Liberty University discusses a project in rural Uganda to use the FHI 360 Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition approach to improve the health of families.
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15 May 2017. Brussels. Infopoint Lunchtime Conference: presentation by Cristina Amaral, Director, FAO liaison office with the European Union and Belgium
Charlotte Dufour, FAO Nutrition policy and programme officer
Domitille Kauffmann, FAO Nutrition and resilience and capacity development advisor
Asmamaw Eshete
REGIONAL WORKSHOP
SPIR II Learning Event
Co-organized by IFPRI, USAID, CARE, ORDA, and World Vision
MAY 16, 2023 - 9:00AM TO MAY 17, 2023 - 5:00PM EAT
This presentation is based on various issues faced by women in agricultural services and the reasons why gender-sensitization schemes are not widely accepted.
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2nd year BSc Nursing - UNIT - 7 Population control.pptxthiru murugan
2nd Year B.Sc Nursing Community Health Nursing – IPopulation & Its Control
By,
M. Thiru Murugan
Population and its control (II BSc –Unit VII)
Population and its control
Population explosion and its impact on social, economic development of individual, society and country
Population control
Overall development: Women empowerment, social, economic and educational development
Limiting family size
Promotion of small family norm
Methods :
Spacing (natural, biological, chemical, mechanical methods etc)
Terminal : surgical methods
Emergency contraception
Population explosion
India is second largest country according to population
There are two things that affect the population size of the world
Birth rate- the number of live babies born per thousand of the population per year
Death rate- the number of deaths per thousand of the population per year.
When the birth rate is higher than the death rate, more people are being born than are dying, so the population grows. This is called Natural increase
When the death rate is higher than the birth rate it is called the natural decrease.
Causes of Population explosion
Early attainment of puberty in girls.
Early marriage at the age of 15.
Low standard of living.
Illiteracy.
Lack of awareness regarding method of family planning.
Due to tradition & faith of god.
Stages of Population explosion
Countries go through five stages of population growth
High Stationary
Early Expanding
Late Expanding
Low Stationary
Declining
1.High Stationary
Stage 1:
Birth rate is high because there's no use of contraception, and people have lots of children because many infants die.
Death rate is high due to poor healthcare.
Population growth rate is zero.
Population structure- life expectancy is low, so the population is made up of mainly young people
2.Early Expanding
Stage 2:
Birth rate is high because there's no use of contraception
Economy is based on agriculture so people have lots of children to work on farms.
Death rate falls due to improved healthcare.
Population growth rate is very high.
Population structure- life expectancy has increased but there are still more young people than older people
3.Late Expanding
Stage 3:
Birth rate is rapidly falling due to the empowerment of women and better education.
The use of contraception increases
The economy also changes to manufacturing, so fewer children are needed to work on farms.
Death rate falls due to more medical advances.
Population growth rate is high
Population structure- more people are living to be older
4. Low Stationary
Stage 4:
Birth rate is low- people move to urban areas
This means there is less money available for having children.
Death rate is low and fluctuating.
Population growth rate is zero.
Population structure- life expectancy is high, so even more people are living to be older
5.Declining
Birth rate slowly falling
Death rate slow and fluctuating
Population growth rate is negative
Population structure: more older peoples then
Leading Issues in Extension Advisory Services – Gender Integrationpard0017
Leading Issues in Extension Advisory Services – Gender Integration by Kathleen Earl Colverson, Ph.D., University of Florida.
a presentation about the importance of gender integration.
Similar to Engaging men in supporting maternal and child consumption of milk and other animal source foods in Rwanda (20)
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Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
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In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
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30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Engaging men in supporting maternal and child consumption of milk and other animal source foods in Rwanda
1. Photo Credit Goes Here
Kathleen Earl Colverson, Ph.D., University of Florida, Livestock Systems Innovation Lab
Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Livestock Systems
“Engaging men in supporting maternal
and child consumption of milk and other
animal source foods in Rwanda”
Train the Trainers Workshop
Kigali, Rwanda
March 8-10, 2021
2. WELCOME AND PRE-ASSESSMENT
Complete and turn in the Pre-Assessment to
the Facilitator before the workshop begins.
Find someone you don’t know and introduce
yourself, and very briefly why you are attending
the workshop.
Ask the person about one good thing that has
happened to them since the Covid -19
outbreak.
After 5 minutes, have the other person
introduce themselves and follow the same
process.
Introduce each other briefly in the Plenary
session.
3. WORKSHOP AGENDA
• Welcome and Pre-Assessment
• Why Gender and Nutrition?
• Dairy value chain, gender and nutrition in Rwanda
• Results and implications of qualitative surveys in project sites
• Basics of nutrition – What is it? Who needs it most?
• What should go on the plate?
• What are the gendered barriers to improving household nutrition?
• Engaging men in household nutrition - recommended approaches
• Engaging the whole family in household nutrition- Who eats what?
• Developing a program strategy for engaging men in household nutrition
• Developing a Personal Action Plan for engaging men and women in
household nutrition
• Closing and Post-Assessment
4. WORKSHOP OBJECTIVES
• Understand the importance of integrating gender and nutrition into your
project
• Identify key points in the dairy value chain in Rwanda to integrate gender
and nutrition
• Examine the basics of nutrition and family nutrient requirements
• Determine the most nutritious foodstuffs for a family
• Explore the gendered barriers to improving household nutrition
• Identify recommended approaches to engaging men in household nutrition
• Understand program strategies for engaging men in household nutrition
• Develop a Personal Action Plan for engaging men and women in household
nutrition
6. “Sex”
Biological, fixed, mostly unchangeable
differences between males and females
“Gender”
Socially constructed, changeable,
culturally specific roles for women and
men
7. HOW DOES GENDER AFFECT AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS?
GENDER ROLES ARE:
• Dynamic and change over time
• Differ by particular local contexts
• Shaped by ideological, religious, cultural,
ethnic and economic factors
• Key determinant of the distribution of
resources and responsibilities between
men and women; which are often unequal
and inequitable
8. GENDER IS PART OF A RURAL LIVELIHOOD SYSTEM THAT
INCLUDES THESE DIMENSIONS
Physical – land, machinery, livestock
Human – labor, nutrition, education,
health
Social – networks, labor sharing
Financial – formal and informal credit,
savings
Natural – soil, water, air
9.
10. FEMINIZATION OF AGRICULTURE
Reasons:
• Migration – Men are leaving rural areas in search of work. Women
remain behind with families.
• In Bangladesh, when men migrate, women take over their duties,
increasing their workload. Some women resort to hiring tenants or
laborers from outside the household to take over farm duties when their
husbands migrate (Rahman (2009) and Debnath and Selim (2009).
• Wars and Genocide -
• In Rwanda, men traditionally milk cows, but women are now doing this
because of a shortage of male labor after the genocide.
11. INCREASING FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS
• In sub-Saharan Africa - male migration, civil conflicts and wars,
unpartnered adolescent fertility and family disruption create increasing
numbers of female headed households.
• FHHs have less access to land, livestock, other assets, credit,
education, health care and extension services. In Zimbabwe, female-
headed households have 30-50% smaller landholdings than male-
headed households. In eastern and southern Africa 25-60% of rural
households in countries in the region were headed by women.
• FHHs’ food security increases with land quality, farm size, and their
social capital network (the number of traders that farmers know within
their vicinity, and their membership of farmers’ groups).
12. GENDER AND AGRICULTURE CONSTRAINTS
• Women farmers provide much of the labor, but
face constraints in accessing agricultural inputs,
services and markets, including:
• Limited control over assets and resources
(including labor)
• Lower levels of education
• Greater domestic care responsibilities
• Limited social ties facilitating wage employment
• Less access to and ownership of land and credit
• Less access to agricultural extension services
13. GLOBAL NUTRITION INDICATORS
• In 2016 almost 520 million people in Asia did not have access to
sufficient food energy, more than 243 million in Africa, and more than 42
million in Latin America and the Caribbean.
• Africa has the highest levels of severe food insecurity, reaching 27.4
percent of the population – almost four times that of any other region.
• Almost one-third (33 percent) of women of reproductive age worldwide
suffer from anemia -puts the nutrition and health of many children at risk.
• Stunting affects one in four children under the age of five years,
increasing their risk of impaired cognitive ability, weakened performance
at school and work, and dying from infections.
14. Wasting
(Height for weight z-score)
• Recent and severe weight loss due to not eating enough food or an infectious disease
(ex. diarrhea). Moderate or severe wasting in children has an increased risk of death
Stunting
(Height for age z-score)
• Due to chronic or recurrent undernutrition, often in conjunction with other issues such
poor socioeconomic conditions, inadequate maternal health and nutrition, frequent
illness, and/or inadequate infant and young child feeding and care in early years.
physical and cognitive development.
Underweight
(Weight for age z-score)
• Also associated with increased risk of mortality
• A child who is underweight can be stunted, wasted, or both
Micronutrient-related
malnutrition
• Micronutrient deficiencies- lack of important vitamins and minerals
• Micronutrient excess
Micronutrient deficiencies
• The most important micronutrients in terms of global public health are iodine, vitamin
and iron
Overweight and Obesity
• An imbalance between too much energy consumed and too little energy expended
• Foods that are high in sugars and fats may not contain the essential micronutrients
• Global trends show undernutrition is decreasing but overweight and obese trends are
increasing
• Highlights that diet quality (not necessarily quantity) is important
15. THE POVERTY CYCLE FOR WOMEN
• Poor maternal and infant nutrition and health result in low
birth weight and stunting as well as impaired cognitive
development and lower school attainment
• Stunted girls grow up to become stunted mothers;
maternal stunting is one of the strongest predictors of
low-birth-weight infants
• Constraints on women’s time are a major cause of their
lower earnings and productivity – triple roles – productive,
reproductive, community
17. DAIRY VALUE CHAIN, GENDER AND NUTRITION
• Break into small groups (5-6
participants/group)
• As a group, discuss the steps involved in
the Dairy Value Chain and draw it on a
piece of paper
• Transfer the value chain steps onto the
cards provided and post on the wall
• Discuss and label where men and women
are responsible for making or equally
contribute to decision making at each
node in the value chain, and add the
symbols for men and women at the
correct locations on the chain
• Do a gallery walk with all groups and
discuss findings
18. PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF QUALITATIVE SURVEYS
• Both men and women are involved in
household food security, but their roles
differ
• Men provide money to purchase ASF and
fruits; Women prepare foods and
supplement diets with vegetables,
chicken and eggs, roots and tubers
• Community Health Workers and
Government employees provide training
on child nutrition and balanced diets to
women. Government provides livestock to
increase consumption of ASF (ie. milk
cows)
19. WHAT DO WOMEN WANT MEN TO KNOW ABOUT NUTRITION
• Men should be trained by
professional nutritionists or village
elders (who have been trained) about
how to prepare balanced meals for
children
• Men should be trained on the
importance of milk consumption for
children in the household, instead of
selling the milk for income
• Men should be trained on milk
hygiene and safe handling of dairy
products, especially the dangers of
raw milk due to lack of pasteurization
20. MOST EFFECTIVE PLACES AND METHODS OF SHARING NUTRITION
INFORMATION WITH MEN
• Media such as newspapers,
radio messages, posters and
SMS messages
• Social gatherings such as
churches, market centers,
cooperatives
• Wives transmit information
better than Community Health
Workers if they are trained well
• Train men and women together
21. IMPLICATIONS OF SURVEY RESULTS
Role Play:
Group assigns following roles to different actors: Community Health Worker (CHW),
wife, husband, 3 young children
Scene: CHW provides training on how to create a balanced diet for young children by
increasing consumption of animal source food (meat and eggs). After workshop, Wife
shares information with husband and indicates he must share more of his meat and
eggs with her and the children in the future. This goes against cultural norms, and he
complains that he is not interested because he needs them to work. Children agree
with mother. How can she convince him to share the meat and eggs more equitably?
Take 5 minutes to assign roles and consider local norms. Act out the scene as if you
were the individual, and think about how this scene might occur in your communities.
Discuss Role Play in plenary.
22. BASIC NUTRITION TERMS
The seven major classes of nutrients are:
• MACRONUTRIENTS – needed in larger quantities
• Carbohydrates
• Fats
• Fiber
• Proteins
• Water
• MICRONUTRIENTS – needed in smaller quantities
• Minerals – CA, P, K, Mg, Na, ZN, I, Fe
• Vitamins – Fat Soluble (A,D,E,K) ; Water Soluble (C, B complex
vitamins)
What types of foods provide the above nutrients?
What foods are most commonly consumed by rural families?
23.
24. WHO NEEDS NUTRIENTS THE MOST?
Women are smaller, have lower metabolic rates and less muscle than men =
need about 25 percent less dietary energy per day
But…they require the same amount or more of many nutrients, and need to eat
a much higher proportion of nutrient-rich foods
During pregnancy a woman needs:
An additional 300 kilocalories per day after the first trimester and 500
kilocalories more/day while her baby is breastfeeding
Almost as much protein as a man (60 g vs. 63 g daily) and more when
lactating (65 g/day)
Up to four times more iron, 1.5 times more folate and 20 percent more calcium
than a non-pregnant woman. During lactation, 40 percent more vitamin A and
C, at least 15 percent more vitamin B12 and extra levels of micronutrients
25.
26. YOUNG CHILDREN’S NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS
• Micronutrient deficiencies become increasingly likely as the
amount of breast milk in a child's diet declines
• Deficiencies, particularly for vitamin A and iron, can occur
in children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years
• Animal milk is good, but excessive use can contribute to
iron deficiency because it is low in iron and high in calcium
• The ideal complement to breast milk is a diet which
combines the local staple foods with other locally produced
foods, including vegetables, fruits, legumes, meat, fish, oils
and fats
27. WHAT SHOULD GO ON THE PLATE?
• Break into small groups (4-5
participants/group)
• Have groups draw a typical rural lunch
meal for both a woman and a man on a
flip chart paper
• Label the different nutrients (ie. protein,
fats, etc.) on each drawing, and
approximate % of each nutrient
• Have groups draw their typical lunch
and do the same as above
• Have groups post drawings and
discuss the nutrient content of the
meals in plenary
28. GIRINKA – CASE STUDY
• Break into small groups (4-5 participants)
• Read the case study individually, and then discuss as a group
• Using the information provided in the case study, answer the
questions as a group and record your responses on the flip chart
provided
• Select a spokesperson from the group, and share your responses in
plenary
• Plenary decides on the most appropriate responses to the case
study from all small group responses
29. END OF DAY ONE
What did we learn today?
Create a circle of participants. Pass around a paper bag or basket with slips of
colored paper asking each participant to choose one piece. Have the
participants share their responses to the following requests depending on the
color of the paper they choose.
RED - Best thing you learned today
YELLOW- A new friend you met today
BLUE - Something that surprised you today
GREEN - One thing you would change from today
31. SHARING CASE STUDY RESULTS
For virtual workshop participants
– have each person briefly
describe their responses to the
GIRINKA case study.
Discuss similarities and
differences to the responses in
both the Zoom chat and by
having participants raise their
hands in Zoom.
32. GENDERED BARRIERS TO HOUSEHOLD NUTRITION
What might prevent equal distribution of food in a household?
Lack of food for the whole family
Cultural norms around eating – age, sex, birth order, etc.
Illness or other diseases
Affordability – insufficient income to purchase food
Droughts or other climate related issues
Accessibility – distance to purchase food
Intra-household decision making around food expenditures
Other?
33. GENDERED FACTORS AFFECTING HOUSEHOLD NUTRITION
Women's bargaining power, control over income, and over time and
workloads affects the health and nutritional status of children under five
years old
Women's control over assets and income is positively associated with
dietary diversity (a proxy of micronutrient adequacy and thereby of good
nutrition) by increasing women's ability to produce or purchase more
diverse, more nutritious foods
Mothers struggle to exclusively breastfeed and ensure that their children
receive three nutritious meals a day due to heavy workloads in the fields
and attending to household chores - generally culturally regarded as
women’s responsibilities
34. GENDERED FACTORS AFFECTING HOUSEHOLD NUTRITION
Men engage in their children’s nutrition mostly through financial and
resource support, and allowing wives to participate in activities around
nutrition and income-generating activities
They contribute less in other domains, such as accompaniment (to the
health center, for example), emotional support, or direct
caregiving/bonding with children
Men have a good degree of basic knowledge about key nutrition
messages, but often lack detailed knowledge
Men want to engage more and don’t think their current level of
engagement is enough. Women perceive men’s contributions in nutrition
and childcare as unequal, but do not universally see it as a problem
35. GENDERED FACTORS AFFECTING HOUSEHOLD NUTRITION
Husbands tend to make major food and household decisions as they retain control
over household income which influences women’s and children’s nutrition
Intra-household dynamics might be a reason for unequal distribution of food – men
preferentially receive larger quantities and better quality of animal source foods
Need to engage men to ensure sustainable improvements in nutrition and health
behaviors
Timing of engagement is important when training, as often the husbands are
already working in the field
Topics for discussion are also important – men prefer group sessions or gardening
demonstrations compared to cooking ones
36. HOW DO WE ENGAGE MEN IN HOUSEHOLD NUTRITION
??????
37. WHAT DO WE MEAN BY “ENGAGING MEN”?
“Men taking an active role in protecting and promoting the health and wellbeing of
their partners and children” (Comrie-Thomson et al., 2015)
“Positive impact of involved fatherhood on children’s physical and mental health,
learning and development, and adult relationships” (Levtov et al., 2015)
“Men benefit from involvement in caregiving, with improvements in physical,
mental, and sexual health outcomes and reductions in risk-taking behaviors” (van
der Gaag et al., 2019)
Fathers who are actively involved in caring for and raising children in equitable
ways pave the way for future generations of gender-equitable individuals and
caregivers (Promundo, 2020)
38. ENGAGING MEN IN HOUSEHOLD NUTRITION – HOW?
• Work to change norms by building on men’s existing
responsibilities and knowledge– what are some examples?
• Develop men-only groups to help men support each other in
changing their behaviors and challenge practices related to
traditional ways of being a man – do programs like this exist
that you are aware of?
• Strengthen men’s personal commitment to gender equality
and equip them with the nutritional and agricultural
knowledge and skills to put into practice in their own lives –
• Use gender sensitization trainings but frame gender equality
as not just a women’s issue
39. ENGAGING MEN IN HOUSEHOLD NUTRITION – HOW?
• Find men where they socialize rather than expect them to
come to you. What are some examples of “male spaces”?
• Use transportation incentives for participants and decide as a
group on the location of the group sessions
• Enter and build positively upon male spaces while tapping
into like-minded men who are already persuaded by your
ideas. Encourage such men to become role models for others
• Involve boys in peer group learning, and help cultivate
positive attitudes that are carried into adulthood – school
programs
40. ENGAGING MEN IN HOUSEHOLD NUTRITION – HOW?
• Timing of meetings - holding sessions in the evenings or
on weekends tends to work better to accommodate men’s
and couples’ schedules
• Consider agricultural calendar and choose times when
less work required
• Create and relate messages to men as fathers with a
family focus
• Understand what men’s ambitions are for themselves and
for their involvement with their children and partners to
help frame the message to appeal to their self-interest
•
41. ENGAGING MEN IN HOUSEHOLD NUTRITION – HOW?
• Make smart use of social media, posters, music, and
drama; ie. WhatsApp groups, etc.
• Plan for “family days” - men and women get together to
have fun and practice new behaviors with their families
• Engage the community – ie. governments, community
leaders, and influential stakeholders which improves
programming, recruitment and retention rates
42. GETTING MEN INVOLVED IN HOUSEHOLD NUTRITION
Dads Can Do That!
https://www.aliveandthrive.org/resources/video-dads-can-do-that-strategies-to-
involve-fathers-in-child-feeding/
How do the previous recommendations to engage men and boys more actively in
household nutrition support or challenge what was learned in our research project?
43. WHO EATS WHAT?
Create small groups of a typical rural family (4-6 people)
Each person takes a role in the family: Husband, Mother-in-law, Father-in-law, Eldest
daughter, Youngest son, Youngest daughter, Wife (add others if needed).
Have men play the part of female family members and women play the part of male
family members. A female participant takes the role of the wife, and serves each family
member the approximate amount they would traditionally receive for the main daily
meal.
Place a sign by each plate after serving to identify the family member.
After distribution of food in each group, do a gallery walk and discuss these questions:
Who received the most quantity of food?
Who received the best quality food? Protein sources?
Do you have any suggestions for how to re-distribute the food based on nutrient
requirements?
44. PROGRAM STRATEGY FOR ENGAGING MEN IN HOUSEHOLD
NUTRITION
Individually, reflect on what you have
learned in the workshop so far about
engaging men and boys in programmatic
work.
Working together in small groups, use
this information to create a bulleted,
chronological list of steps you could use
to develop a program strategy that
engages men and boys in increasing
their involvement in household nutrition.
Share this strategy in plenary as a group
and discuss similarities and differences.
45. DEVELOP A PERSONAL ACTION PLAN
• Using a blank piece of paper, write down three action items you can do to
enhance men’s involvement in household nutrition in your work. Be specific!
• Next to each item, write the date you will accomplish this by. Be specific!
• If there is anything you need to do to accomplish the item (ie. get your
supervisor’s approval) write that next to the date.
• Once you have completed this exercise, exchange your plan with the person
sitting next to you and discuss if anything else needs to be added to guarantee
the action item occurs. Change partners after 5 minutes.
• Everyone will share one action item in plenary.
46. WELCOME BACK!
For virtual workshop participants – present your Personal Action Plan to
all participants
For the workshop audience – consider these questions:
a) Are there similarities in plans for engaging men and boys in
household nutrition? What are they?
b) How are the needs of women and girls addressed in the Action Plan?
c) Is the Plan actionable? Will the presenter be able to achieve it?
Discuss responses in plenary
47. FACILITATION OR TRAINING?
• Do you consider yourself a teacher, a facilitator or both? What is the
difference between teaching and facilitation? Can you do both?
• Teaching involves the passing on of information and/or knowledge to
participants, usually in a formal setting such as a classroom. It is similar
to attending school.
• Facilitation involves the creation of a “learning environment” where both
the facilitator and participants learn from each other. Facilitation
recognizes the value of traditional and experiential knowledge and
people’s ability to solve their own problems.
48. GETTING PEOPLE TO YOUR TRAINING
• What kinds of things should you consider to increase
attendance of women at your trainings?
• What kinds of things should you consider to increase
attendance of men at your trainings?
• What about mixed gender trainings?
• Discuss in plenary.
49. CREATING AN ENVIRONMENT FOR FACILITATION
• Give clear instructions – written or
oral. Communicate guidelines and
instructions for workshop activities.
• Create “workshop rules of conduct”
with participants before starting.
• Understand group dynamics and
group management – determine who
dominates and who is reluctant to
speak and create opportunities to
encourage shy participants.
• Use empathic and active listening
and verbal skills to facilitate
conversations.
50. CREATING AN ENVIRONMENT FOR FACILITATION
• Use conflict management and
consensus-building exercises if
needed to keep group moving
towards workshop objectives.
• Listen to participants and stay neutral
without demonstrating biases.
• Arrange seating so that everyone can
participate.
• Encourage participants to interact
with each other by using small group
exercises that put people in different
groups for different activities.
51. WORKSHOP CLOSING
Using the ORID approach (Objective, Reflective, Interpretive and Decisional), let’s
explore what we learned in the workshop.
• What - happened?
Objective Question: What did we do in the workshop that is useful for your work?
• Gut – How do you feel about what happened?
Reflective Question: Does it feel right to engage men and boys more actively in
household nutrition?
• So what – difference does this make?
Interpretive Question: What would happen to household nutrition if men and boys
were more engaged?
• Now what – do we do?
Decisional Question: How will you implement your Personal Action Plan?
52. POST ASSESSMENT
Please complete the Workshop Post-Assessment and
return to the facilitator before the workshop closes.
Thank you for your participation!
For any questions on the workshop, please contact:
Dr. Kathleen Colverson, University of Florida
kcolverson@ufl.edu
53. REFERENCES
Barker, G. et.al. “Men Who Care: A Multi-Country Qualitative Study of Men in
Non-Traditional Caregiving Roles”. 2012. Washington, D.C.: International
Center for Research on Women (ICRW) and Rio de Janeiro: Instituto
Promundo.
BRIDGE, 2015. “Gender and Food Security: towards Gender-Just Food and
Nutrition Security”. Institute of Development Studies, Brighton.
https://doi.org/10.1037/ e319912004-001
Catholic Relief Services, 2016. “Father Engagement in Nutrition: A Qualitative
Analysis in Muhanga and Karongi Districts in Rwanda”.
Gillespie, S., Harris, J., Kadiyala, S., 2012. “The Agriculture-Nutrition
Disconnect in India what Do We Know?” IFPRI Discussion Paper 01187.
54. REFERENCES
KIT, SNV, CDI, SDC, 2018. “Intra-household dynamics and dietary diversity.
Insights from Sustainable Nutrition for All in Uganda and Zambia”. Technical Paper
No. 3. SNV Netherlands Development Organisation, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Malapit, H. and Quisumbing, A. 2015. “What dimensions of women’s empowerment
in agriculture matter for nutrition in Ghana?” Food Policy, 52, pgs. 54-63.
Promundo-US and Plan International Canada. (2020). Recruitment and Retention
of Male Participants in Gender-Transformative Programs. Washington, D.C.
Verhart, N., Wijngaart, A. Van Den, Dhamankar, M., Danielsen, K., 2015. “Bringing
Agriculture and Nutrition Together Using a Gender Lens” (No. 6). Amsterdam.
Yimer and Tadesse, 2015. “Women’s empowerment in agriculture and dietary
diversity in Ethiopia”. IFPRI, Working Paper 80.
55. Photo Credit Goes Here
Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Livestock Systems
Department of Animal Sciences | University of Florida | P.O. Box 110910 | Gainesville, FL 32611
livestock-lab@ufl.edu | http://livestocklab.ifas.ufl.edu/
Disclaimer
This presentation is made possible by the generous support of the
American people through the United States Agency for
International Development (USAID) and its Feed the Future
Innovation Lab for Livestock Systems managed by the University
of Florida and the International Livestock Research Institute. The
contents are the responsibility of the University of Florida and do
not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States
Government.
Virtual workshop: Send out pre-assessment electronically in advance, have participants introduce themselves on Zoom and enter one good thing that has happened since Covid in the chat box.
Virtual Workshop: Review workshop objectives and any clarifications needed by participants.
Ask participants to respond with their definitions of each term
Source: Women in Agriculture: A Toolkit for Mobile Services Practitioners. THE GSMA MWOMEN GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT ALLIANCE. 2014
Feed the Future (FtF), 2015. “Gender Analysis for USAID/Rwanda”
Sources: (Odame, Hafkin, Wesseler, & Boto, 2002; Quisumbing, 1995; World Bank, 2001; IFAD, 1999; Kassie, et.al. 2013)
Source: Quisumbing et al., 2014
Source: FAO, 2017. “Food Security and Nutrition Around the World”
Important Nutrition terminology to understand the slides on global nutrition indicators
Sources: Alderman, 2010; Hoddinott et al., 2013; Strauss and Thomas, 1998; Hunt, 2005
How does Gender and Nutrition “fit” into Livestock Systems? There are “gendered” roles in livestock production and value chains which affect a woman’s ability to access and control resources needed to improve family nutrition. There are “gendered” roles in household nutrition, with the woman being almost exclusively responsible for processing, cooking and serving food for the family. Men are often responsible for building cattle sheds and slaughtering animals, whereas women are frequently involved in processing.
Possible exercise for in-person workshop – skip for virtual workshop
Ask participants if they agree or disagree with preliminary results? What have their experiences taught them?
This exercise can be adapted to accommodate however many participants are in the workshop. For example, have grandparents, other community members, more children, etc.
Ask participants to name the classes of nutrients required for a balanced diet. For In-person workshop, capture responses on a flip chart. For virtual workshop – have participants enter responses in Zoom chat. Same directions for the questions that follow the list of nutrients.
Source: FAO “The State of Food Insecurity in the World” http://www.fao.org/3/x8200e/x8200e04.htm
Source:
Source: FAO. “Preventing Micronutrient Malnutrition: A food based approach” www.fao.org/3/X5244e07.htm
In person workshop – do the above exercise. In virtual workshop – have individuals type in Zoom chat what types of food are in the typical lunch in rural Rwanda. Discuss responses in plenary.
In person workshop – distribute case study to small groups. In virtual workshop – have participants work on case study over night and share responses on Day Two.
In person workshop – do this exercise. In virtual workshop – share one takeaway from today that you can use to engage men more actively in household nutrition.
In person workshop - point to a participant and ask them to share one thing they remember or that they will use from Day One activities. In virtual workshop – have participants raise their hand and share one thing from Day One.
In virtual workshop – have participants enter responses to question in Zoom chat. Discuss in plenary, then share the other possibilities. In person workshop, ask participants the first question and capture responses on a flip chart. Then review the additional responses and discuss.
1) BRIDGE, 2015. Gender and Food Security: towards Gender-Just Food and Nutrition Security. Institute of Development Studies, Brighton. https://doi.org/10.1037/ e319912004-001. Gillespie, S., Harris, J., Kadiyala, S., 2012. The Agriculture-Nutrition Disconnect in India what Do We Know? IFPRI Discussion Paper 01187. Verhart, N., Wijngaart, A. Van Den, Dhamankar, M., Danielsen, K., 2015. Bringing Agriculture and Nutrition Together Using a Gender Lens (No. 6). Amsterdam. .
2) This finding corroborates prior research in Ghana (Amugsi et al., 2016; Malapit and Quisumbing, 2015a), Ethiopia (Yimer and Tadesse, 2015) and Nepal (Malapit et al., 2015).
“Father Engagement in Nutrition: A Qualitative Analysis in Muhanga and Karongi Districts in Rwanda”. 2016. Catholic Relief Services.
Concern International. 2014. Nutrition Barrier Analysis in Manica; Source: KIT, SNV, CDI, SDC, 2018. Intra-household dynamics and dietary diversity. Insights from Sustainable Nutrition for All in Uganda and Zambia. Technical Paper No. 3. SNV Netherlands Development Organisation, The Hague, The Netherlands*.
Ask participants to provide suggestions or experiences they have had to engage men in other activities. Could they be used for household nutrition? In person – capture responses on a flip chart; virtual workshop – have participants input responses in Zoom chat. Discuss responses in plenary.
Resources: Levtov, R., van der Gaag, N., Greene, M., Kaufman, M., & Barker, G. (2015). State of the World’s Fathers: A Men Care Advocacy Publication. Washington, DC: Promundo, Rutgers, Save the Children, Sonke Gender Justice, and the Men Engage Alliance. Retrieved from https://promundoglobal.org/resources/state-of-theworlds-fathers-2015/; van der Gaag, N., Heilman, B., Gupta, T., Nembhard, C., & Barker, G. (2019). State of the World’s Fathers: Unlocking the Power of Men’s Care. Washington, DC: Promundo-US.; Comrie-Thomson L., Mavhu W., Makungu C., Nahar Q., Khan R., Davis J., Luchters S., Hamdani S., & Stillo E. (2015). Men Matter: Engaging Men in MNCH Outcomes. Toronto, Canada: Plan International Canada.
Source: Otieno, P.E., Farnworth, C.R. and Banda, N. 2016. Involving Men in Nutrition. Note 26. GFRAS Good Practice Notes for Extension and Advisory Services. GFRAS: Lausanne, Switzerland.
Promundo-US and Plan International Canada. (2020). Recruitment and Retention of Male Participants in Gender-Transformative Programs. Washington, DC: Promundo
In person workshop – show video clip, In virtual workshop, discuss how the recommendations do or do not support the findings of the research project.
In person workshop – do above exercise. Purchase typical foodstuffs the night before exercise, sufficient to feed the family described above. In virtual workshop – assign roles of husband, wife, oldest daughter, oldest son, youngest daughter, infant son. Have men play women’s parts, and vice versa. Have the wife assign who will eat what, and how much of each item throughout the family. Food available: 6 cups of rice, 1 pound of cooked vegetables, 1 cooked chicken, 3 boiled eggs, 3 large sweet potatoes. As a group, agree on who will eat what and how much. Type the answers into Zoom chat. Discuss the above questions at the end of the exercise.
For virtual workshop – have participants take a few minutes to write down personal reflections, then pair them with another person to develop a strategy they can share in plenary. For in person workshop – follow the same directions, but put participants into small groups of 3-4 persons and have them write their strategy on a flip chart to share with the plenary.
In person workshop – do the above exercise. In virtual workshop – assign the personal action plan as homework to discuss on Day Three in plenary.
For both workshops (in person and virtual) ask participants the questions and gather responses. For virtual workshop – have participants enter responses in chat box; for in person workshop have participants say responses and capture on flip chart. Discuss responses in plenary and then show definitions.
In person workshop – capture responses on flip charts. Virtual workshop – have respondents enter comments in Zoom chat. Both workshops, discuss recommendations in plenary.
Ask participants if there are special considerations for working with all men’s groups? All women’s groups? Mixed gender groups? For in-person workshop – capture responses on flip chart. For virtual workshop – have participants enter responses in Zoom chat. Discuss all responses in plenary.
For in-person workshop, have participants pair up with someone to ask each of the ORID questions; ie. What happened, How do you feel about what happened, So what difference does this make, and Now what do we do? For virtual workshop, have participants enter responses in Zoom chat. Discuss all responses in plenary.
To insert your implementing partner institutional logo, go to View >> Slide Master, and replace the gray box with your logo, placing it to the right of the USAID logo at the bottom. No text or partner logos can be placed within the upper blue banner.