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20. chlamydiae
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- 3. • The genuschlamydiae consist of small, non- motile, gram negative obligate intracellular parasites. • They lack the ability to produce their own ATP hence uses the host’s ATP.
- 4. • These genusconsist of three important species which are medically important and cause various diseases in humans, – C.PNEUMONIA – C.PSITTACI – C.TRACHOMATIS
- 5. PATHOGENESIS • C.PNEUMONIA The organismcauses respiratory disease known as pneumonia and is considered as the third most cause of pneumonia after Strep. Pneumniae and H.influenza.
- 6. • C.PSITTACI This bacteriumcan infect parrots and other avian species (eg, turkeys, pigeons, ducks). Another term for this infection is ornithosis A contagious disease of birds, caused by chlamydiae and transmissible (especially from parrots) to human beings as a form of pneumonia
- 7. • Incubation periodsin caged birds vary from days to weeks and longer. Most commonly this period is approximately 3 to 10 days. Latent infections are common and active disease may occur several years after exposure. • The incubation period of this disease is however difficult to assess due to these chronically infected birds that develop persistent, asymptomatic infections.
- 8. • C. psittaciis related to Chlamydia trachomatis, the most common human STD, and Chlamydia pneumonia, a cause of human pneumonia. • Chlamydia pneumonia is also being investigated as possibly being associated with cardiovascular disease in humans.
- 9. • C.TRACHOMATIS Chlamydia infectionis a common sexually transmitted infection in humans caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. The organism causes both ocular and genital lesions
- 10. Ocular lesions • Becauseof the ocular lesions it can cause – Trachoma – Inclusion conjunctivitis
- 11. Trachoma • Trachoma isa bacterial infection that affects the eyes. • Causes scarring and vascularization of cornea • It's contagious, spreading through contact with the eyes, eyelids, and nose or throat secretions of infected people. • It can also be passed on by handling infected items, such as handkerchiefs
- 12. Inclusion conjunctivitis • Itis most prevalent in sexually active adults. • Infection transferred from genital secretions to eye by hand contact leading inclusion conjunctivitis. • It is also known as paratrachoma
- 13. genital lesions • Themost common genital lesions are, - lympho granuloma venereum - non-gonococcal urethritis
- 14. lympho granuloma venereum •Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a long- term (chronic) infection of the lymphatic system. It is caused by any of 3 different types (serovars) of the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. • The bacteria are spread by sexual contact.
- 15. non-gonococcal urethritis • Nongonococcalurethritis (NGU) is an inflammation of the urethra that is not caused by gonorrheal infection.
- 16. LAB DIAGNOSIS • Hematologicalinvestigations • No significant findings • Bacteriological investigations • Microscopy • Culture studies • Serological studies • Skin test
- 17. Microscopy • Smears madefrom the specimen are stained and observed under a light microscope – typical reniform incusion bodies surrounding the nucleus can be seen.
- 18. Culture studies • Usuallyegg yolk sac culture or chick embryo culture or tissue culture is advised.
- 19. Serological studies • Complimentfixation test is used
- 20. Skin test • Atest performed to confirm a diagnosis of lympho granuloma venereum. • Killed antigen, originally derived from infected patients, is injected intradermally in one forearm, and a control material is injected into the other arm. • If a red, thickened papule develops at the site of injection of antigen, the test result is positive.
- 21. TREATMENT • Sulfonamides arefound to be effective against chlamydiae infection.