The skin is the largest organ of the body and has three layers - the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is the outermost waterproof layer that protects against microbes. The dermis lies beneath the epidermis, contains connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands. The deepest layer, the hypodermis, is made of fat and connective tissue. Assessment of the integumentary system involves history, physical exam, and diagnostic tests like biopsies, cultures, and patch tests to identify skin conditions.

1. INTEGUMENTARY
SYSTEM
RATHEESH R.L

2. • The skin is the largest organ of the body, with
a total area of about 20 square feet.
• The skin protects us from microbes and the
elements, helps regulate body temperature,
and permits the sensations of touch, heat, and
cold.

4. LAYERS
Skin has three layers:
• The epidermis, the outermost layer of skin,
provides a waterproof barrier and creates our
skin tone.
• The dermis, beneath the epidermis, contains
tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and
sweat glands.
• The deeper subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)
is made of fat and connective tissue.

5. EPIDERMIS
• It is the outermost layer of the skin. It forms
the waterproof, protective wrap over the
body's surface which also serves as a barrier
to infection.
• The epidermis contains no blood vessels.
• It is nourished by the blood vessels in the
dermis.
• Replaced with new cells in every 28 days.

6. DERMIS
• The dermis is the layer of skin beneath
the epidermis that consists of epithelial
tissue and cushions the body from stress and
strain.
• The dermis is tightly connected to the
epidermis by a basement membrane.
• The dermis is highly vascular and assist in the
regulation of body tempareture.

7. HYPODERMIS
• The hypodermis is not part of the skin, and
lies below the dermis.
• Its purpose is to attach the skin to underlying
bone and muscle as well as supplying it with
blood vessels and nerves.
• It consists of loose connective tissue, adipose
tissue and elastin.

8. FUNCTIONS OF SKIN

9. ASSESSMENT OF INTEGUMENTARY
SYSTEM
• HISTORY COLLECTION
– Past health history
– Medication
– Surgery
• PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
– Inspection
– Palpation

10. COMMON DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
• BIOPSY
A skin biopsy is a procedure in which a
sample of skin tissue is removed, processed, and
examined under a microscope.
Several different methods may be used to
obtain a skin sample, depending on the size and
location of the abnormal area of skin, called
a skin lesion.

11. PUNCH BIOPSY
• Punch biopsy is considered the primary
technique to obtain diagnostic, full-thickness
skin specimens.
• It is performed using a circular blade attached
to a pencil-like handle.
• The instrument is rotated down through the
epidermis and dermis, and into the
subcutaneous fat.

12. SHAVE TEST
• This test is used to collect the superficial lesion
from the skin or a small sample of large lesion.

13. INCISION
• In this wedge shape incision is made and
useful when larger specimen than shave biopsy
is needed.

14. TZANCK TEST
• In dermatopathology, the Tzanck test, also Tzanck
smear, is scraping of an ulcer base to look
for Tzanck cells.
• It is sometimes also called the chickenpox skin
test and the herpes skin test.
• In this test the fluids and cells from the vesicles
are examined

15. CULTURE
• A skin or nail culture is a laboratory test to
look for and identify germs that cause
problems with the skin or nails.
• It is called a mucosal culture if the sample
involves the mucous membranes.

16. PATCH TEST
• A test to discover whether a person is allergic
to any of a range of substances which are
applied to the skin in light scratches or under a
plaster.

17. • In this technique a small amount of potentially
allergic material is applied over the skin and
watching for reactions.