2 d and 3d ultrasound
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The document discusses 2D and 3D ultrasound technologies. It covers the advantages and disadvantages of each, their medical and non-medical applications, histories and development over time. Cost information is provided for ultrasound exams and machines.
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3D and 4D ultrasound in obstetrics
3D and 4D ultrasound techniques allow doctors to better examine fetal development and detect any abnormalities. 3D ultrasound creates a volume rendering of ultrasound data, while 4D ultrasound shows a 3D picture in real time by incorporating the dimension of time. Some advantages of 3D and 4D ultrasounds are that they can more accurately determine gestational age and fetal size, monitor amniotic fluid levels, and evaluate fetal movement and blood flow through the placenta. The procedures are painless and pose no health risks with moderate use.
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Computed tomography (CT) of the head is used to assess head injuries, headaches, dizziness, and symptoms of conditions like aneurysms, bleeding, strokes, and brain tumors. It can also help evaluate the face, sinuses, and skull. CT of the head uses X-rays to generate cross-sectional images of the head and brain which provide more detailed information than regular X-rays, particularly for soft tissues and blood vessels. Common protocols for head CT include non-contrast exams for conditions like trauma or stroke, as well as contrast-enhanced exams to evaluate tumors, aneurysms, or other conditions. Precautions are taken to minimize radiation exposure, especially for children.
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Barium swallow
This document provides information about barium swallow procedures, including:
- Barium is the preferred contrast agent for upper GI procedures due to its superior contrast qualities.
- Properties of ideal barium preparations include being highly dense, stable in suspension, and having low melting characteristics.
- A barium swallow examines the esophagus, GE junction, and detects conditions like hernias, varices, and reflux.
- Techniques include single and double contrast, prone positioning, and maneuvers to induce reflux. Water soluble agents are used if perforation or aspiration is suspected.
Ultrasound of breast
Ultrasound is used to map the internal structures of the breast using high-frequency sound waves. While it cannot replace mammography for screening, ultrasound can detect cancers not seen on mammograms, particularly in dense breasts. Benign lesions usually appear smooth, well-circumscribed, and hypoechoic or isoechoic compared to breast tissue. Malignant lesions tend to be irregularly shaped, hypoechoic, with angular margins and posterior shadowing. Ultrasound criteria help characterize breast abnormalities detected on other imaging as benign or warranting biopsy.
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3. Normal Doppler ultrasound findings of the portal vein, hepatic veins, and hepatic artery, including measurements and anatomy.
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MDCT (2)
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2. Multi-slice CT uses a detector array segmented in the z-axis to acquire multiple slices simultaneously, while single slice CT uses a long narrow detector array. This allows multi-slice CT to reconstruct images at various thicknesses and intervals.
3. Applications of multi-slice CT include faster whole organ and cardiac imaging, virtual endoscopy, isotropic imaging, and CT angiography due to its ability to acquire multiple slices simultaneously in a shorter time period.
CT ITS BASIC PHYSICS
Computed tomography (CT) uses computer-processed X-rays to create cross-sectional images of the body. CT works by rotating an X-ray tube and detectors around the patient, acquiring multiple transmission measurements at different angles to reconstruct a 3D image. Image reconstruction involves algorithms like back projection and filtered back projection that use the transmission data to calculate the attenuation coefficients of different tissues and generate tomographic images representing slices of the body. CT numbers, measured in Hounsfield units, provide standardized values related to tissue density and visibility.
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Training Material inherited form Philips Basics of Ultrasonography. Covers the fundamentals of Ultrasound Waveform, Piezoelectric Effect, Phased Echo Concept, Goal of Ultrasound, Ultrasound Image Construction process, Types of Resolution, Probe Internals, The Doppler Effect, Spectrum Waveform and concept, Color Doppler, Components of Ultrasound.
Doppler in pregnancy
Doppler ultrasound can be used in obstetrics and gynecology in several ways. It allows assessment of blood flow in various fetal and maternal vessels. In pregnancy, Doppler is commonly used to evaluate blood flow in the umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, uterine arteries, ductus venosus and other vessels. Abnormal flow patterns in these vessels can indicate fetal growth restriction, hypoxia, or the risk of conditions like preeclampsia. Doppler provides important information about fetal well-being and helps manage high-risk pregnancies.
Better operations with 3D ultrasound; Veronika Solteszova, Christian Michelse...
Better operations with 3D ultrasound; Veronika Solteszova, Christian Michelse...The Research Council of Norway, IKTPLUSS
This document discusses research into real-time processing of 3D ultrasound data streams. It summarizes the achievements of the IllustraSound project from 2009-2013, including 17 peer-reviewed publications, 2 PhD theses, and a patent application. It also describes follow-up research through the ISADAF project to develop an in-situ adaptive filtering technique for processing 3D ultrasound volumes in real-time. The challenges and future outlook of commercializing these research results are discussed.Trabajo práctico de tic
La ecografía es un procedimiento médico que utiliza ultrasonidos para formar imágenes del cuerpo y diagnosticar condiciones. Es importante durante el embarazo para controlar el desarrollo del feto y detectar posibles problemas. Existen diferentes tipos de ecografía, incluyendo 2D, 3D y 4D, que ofrecen imágenes cada vez más detalladas y en movimiento del feto.
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CINEMA 4D Studio es el producto más avanzado de MAXON para artistas 3D profesionales, incluyendo herramientas avanzadas para character, pelo, física y renderizado ilimitado, lo que permite abordar cualquier proyecto con facilidad.
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Bats use echolocation to navigate by making high-frequency sounds and listening to the echoes to determine the direction and distance of objects. Each bat species makes its own distinctive noises for echolocation to navigate and find prey while flying at night or in dark places. Bats can hear the echoes of the sounds they make to locate and avoid objects.
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Role of 3D ultrasound in Improving pregnancy rates
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Unveiling the Liver's Secrets: A Practical Guide to Multiparametric Ultrasound ✨
Confused by the complexities of diffuse liver disease? You're not alone! But fear not, fellow diagnosticians, for a powerful tool lies at your fingertips: multiparametric ultrasound. This book is your passport to unlocking the mysteries of the liver, offering a practical, hands-on approach to using this cutting-edge technique.
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ONTOLOGICAL STATUS OF HUMAN EMBRYO• ENSOULMENT• MONOZ.docx
ONTOLOGICAL STATUS OF HUMAN EMBRYO:
• ENSOULMENT
• MONOZYGOTIC TWINNING
• TWIN REABSORPTION
ABORTION
VIDEOS OF HUMAN EMBRYONIC AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT
Conception to birth -- visualized | Alexander Tsiaras 10 minutes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKyljukBE70
FETAL HEARTBEAT W ULTRASOUND (~150 BPM)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uhUy41MSaMw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKyljukBE70
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uhUy41MSaMw
SUMMARY, REGARDING FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT:
• FIRST, LIFE BEGINS AT FERTILIZATION; WE HUMANS ARE NO DIFFERENT (UNIVERSAL LAW)
• CONTINUOUS DEVELOPMENT OF TISSUES, ORGANS AND SYSTEMS
• FROM THE ZYGOTE, THROUGH 9 MONTHS, UP TO BIRTH.
• AFER BIRTH, DEVELOPMENT CONTINUES, UP TO ADULTHOOD.
THEREFORE, THERE IS NO STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT WHEN WE,
ALL OF A SUDDEN, PASS FROM BEING “NON-HUMAN” TO “HUMAN.”
RATHER, WE ARE HUMAN, FROM CONCEPTION TO DEATH.
ONTOLOGICAL STATUS OF THE HUMAN EMBRYO AT THE ZYGOTE LEVEL:
• INDIVIDUAL HUMAN LIFE?
• HUMAN BEING?
• HUMAN PERSON?
PERSON, PROSOPON = MASK
from Classical Greek Theatre
ENSOULMENT:
• IMMEDIATE: AT FERTILIZATION
• DELAYED: SOMETIME AFTER FERTILIZATION
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HUMAN SOUL:
• INDIVIDUAL (PERSONAL)
• SIMPLE (INDIVISIBLE)
• ETERNAL (HAS AN ORIGIN, BUT NO END)
SUBSTANTIAL UNITY BETWEEN BODY AND SOUL:
“WE ARE BODY AND SOUL, ONE” SAINT POPE JOHN PAUL II
AND, CONTINUOUS EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT FROM ZYGOTE TO BIRTH.
THEREFORE, THE ONLY LOGICAL MOMENT OF ENSOULMENT IS AT FERTILIZATION.
TELEOLOGY = ULTIMATE END, FINALITY = TO BE IN UNION WITH GOD (BEATIFIC VISION)
TWO CHALLENGES TO IMMEDIATE ENSOULMENT:
• MONOZYGOTIC TWINS
• TWIN REABSORPTION
TWINNING:
• DIZYGOTIC
• MONOZYGOTIC
• CONJOINED
Abby and Brittany Hensel
27 years old
Knatalye Hope and
Adeline Faith Mata
DORSALVENTRAL
TWIN REABSORPTION
• RESORPTION OR VANISHING TWIN
• PARASITIC TWINS
EXAMPLES OF PARASITIC TWINS
THEOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF ENSOULMENT IN SPECIAL CASES:
• MONOZYGOTIC TWINS: 1 SOUL -> SPLIT -> 2 SOULS
• RESORPTION: 1 SOUL -> SPLIT -> 2 SOULS -> RESORPTION (DEATH) -> 1 SOUL
NO MINIMAL TIME REQUIRED
FOR A HUMAN BODY TO BE ALIVE IN ORDER
TO QUALIFY FOR RECEIVING A SOUL.
Ampulla
Endometrium
DAY 1
DAY 7
ABORTION:
• MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
• ABORTION METHODS
• ALTERNATIVES TO ABORTION
SPONTANEOUS, MISCARRIAGE
ABORTION
PROCURED, ELECTIVE, INDUCED
ABORTIFACIENTS:
• INTRA-UTERINE DEVICE
• CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS
• “MORNING AFTER” PILL (PLAN B)
PROCURED ABORTION
(ELECTIVE ABORTION):
WILLFULLY DESIRING TO KILL
AN UNBORN HUMAN
(CHILD IN THE WOMB).
A GRAVE MORAL EVIL.
ESTIMATED 60,000,000
SINCE 1973, IN ADDITION TO:
• INTRA-UTERINE DEVICE (IUD)
• CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS
• MORNING-AFTER PILL (PLAN B)
(Human Embryology, Moore et al)
ABORTION METHODS,
DEPENDING ON TIME OF PREGNANCY:
• MEDICAL (CHEMICAL)
• SURGICAL (MECHANICAL)
• COMBINATION OF BOTH
(D&C)
(D&E)
(D&X)
PARTIAL-BIRTH
ABOR.
WIEB
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2 d and 3d ultrasound
- 1. Jorge Chaux Shail Parikh Michael Prieto Priscilla Torres 2D AND 3D ULTRASOUND
- 2. 2D ULTRASOUND ADVANTAGES Beutel, Jacob. Handbook of Medical Imaging: Physics and Psychophysics, vol 1. Evans. L, Mark. Prenatal Diagnosis Book
- 3. 2D ULTRASOUND DISADVANTAGES Beutel, Jacob. Handbook of Medical Imaging: Physics and Psychophysics, vol 1. Evans. L, Mark. Prenatal Diagnosis Book http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=genus
- 4. DIFFERENT MODES OF ULTRASOUND Beutel, Jacob. Handbook of Medical Imaging: Physics and Psychophysics, vol 1. Evans. L, Mark. Prenatal Diagnosis Book
- 5. HOW DO THE MODES WORK? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wDP95-wgUzU&feature=related#t=3m10s
- 6. MEDICAL APPLICATIONS http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/cu/cu_whatis.html http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://medicalimages.allrefer.com/large/carotid-duplex.jpg&imgrefurl=http://health.allrefer.com/health/carotid-duplex-carotid-duplex.html http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/echo/echo_during.html http:// www.radiologyinfo.org/en/photocat/gallery3.cfm?pid=1&image=carotid-dopWave4.jpg&pg=us-carotid http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.riversideonline.com/source/images/image_popup/pr7_breastcyst.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.riversideonline.com/health_reference/Test-Procedure/
- 7. MORE MEDICAL APPLICATIONS http:// www.anis-online.de/2/artclub/microteethcleaning.htm http://www.thediabetesblog.org/entry/lithotripsy-linked-to-diabetes / http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=UIApXNXOnHs http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http:// gulfcoastmri.files.wordpress.com/2010/ http:// www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=obstetricus http://www.dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com/ddhright.aspx?id=797
- 8. NON-MEDICAL APPLICATIONS http://www.pipelineandgastechnology.com/Integrity/PiggingUpdate/item33052.php http://www.spe.org/jpt/2007/05/ultramonit-inspects-internal-corrosion-from-the-outside/ http://www.sonitor.com/technology/enabling-technology http://www.ac-corporation.com.ph/products/Sonitor-Custom-Ultrasound-IPS-Tags.html http://www.fda.gov/ICECI/Inspections/InspectionGuides/ucm072531.htm
- 10. 2D ULTRASOUND HISTORY http:// www.radiochemistry.org/nuclearmedicine/pioneers/images/pierrecurie.jpg http://www.aidmyheadache.com/_ img/x000.jpg http://www.ob-ultrasound.net/history1.html
- 11. 2D ULTRASOUND HISTORY http://www.ob-ultrasound.net/dussikbio.html
- 12. 2D ULTRASOUND HISTORY http://www.ob-ultrasound.net/history1.html
- 13. 2D ULTRASOUND HISTORY http://www.ob-ultrasound.net/history1.html
- 14. 2D ULTRASOUND HISTORY http:// www.ob-ultrasound.net/wright_meyer_arm.html http://www.ob-ultrasound.net/history1.html
- 15. 2D ULTRASOUND HISTORY http:// www.ob-ultrasound.net/acuson.html http://www.ob-ultrasound.net/history1.html
- 16. 2D ULTRASOUND HISTORY http://www.ob-ultrasound.net/history3.html
- 18. COST OF DEVICE http://www.absolutemed.com/Medical-Equipment/Ultrasound-Machines/GE-LOGIQ-9-ULTRASOUND-MACHINE#
- 20. 3D ULTRASOUND
- 21. 3D ULTRASOUND ADVANTAGES http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_ultrasound http://www.livestrong.com/article/107907-3d-ultrasound-during-pregnancy/
- 22. 3D ULTRASOUND DISADVANTAGES http://www.livestrong.com/article/107907-3d-ultrasound-during-pregnancy http://radiographics.rsna.org/content/20/2/559.full
- 23. MEDICAL APPLICATIONS http:://radiographics.rsna.org/content/20/2/559.full
- 24. MORE MEDICAL APPLICATIONS http:://radiographics.rsna.org/content/20/2/559.full
- 25. NON-MEDICAL APPLICATIONS http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_ultrasound#Risks_of_3D_ultrasounds http:// www.4d-ultrasounds.com/ultrasounds/warnings.html http://www.yourultrasound.com/concerns-about-3d-ultrasound-safety-for-baby/
- 26. 3D ULTRASOUND HISTORY http://www.ob-ultrasound.net/history-3D.html http://www.ob-ultrasound.net/brown3d.html ht tp://www.ob-ultrasound.net/baba.html
- 27. 1984 – KAZUNORI BABA http://www.ob-ultrasound.net/history-3D.html
- 28. http://www.ob-ultrasound.net/history-3D.html http://www.ob-ultrasound.net/matrix-array.ht ml http://fds.duke.edu/db/pratt/BME/oramm http ://www.ob-ultrasound.net/voluson.html http://www.gehealthcare.com/usen/education/proff_leadership/images/cme3d_fig2.jpg
- 29. UP AND COMING http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=KPkliidHlP4 http:// www.wisegeek.com/what-is-4d-ultrasound.htm
- 31. COST OF 3D ULTRASOUND MACHINE
- 32. QUESTIONS?