2 a. Cotter joint
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The document discusses cotter joints, which use a flat wedge-shaped piece of steel to connect two rods transmitting axial motion without rotation. Cotter joints can experience tensile or compressive forces and are used in connections like piston rods and valve rods. A typical cotter joint involves one rod fitting into a socket in another rod, with a cotter driven into slots in both parts to rigidly connect them. The document provides parameters for a cotter joint and examples of failures, but does not give the failure equations. It also provides an example problem to design a cotter joint supporting a load ranging from 30 kN in compression to tension.
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Spring is an elastic body whose function is to distort when loaded and to recover its original shape when the load is removed.
APPLICATION OF SPRINGS
To apply forces as in brakes, clutches and spring loaded valves.
To store energy as in watches, toys.
To measure forces as in spring balance and engine indicators.
To cushion, absorb or control energy due to either shock or vibration as in car.The material of the spring should have
high fatigue strength,
high ductility,
high resilience and
creep resistant.
It largely depends upon the size and service.
The strength of the wires varies with size, smaller size wires have greater strength and less ductility, due to the greater degree of cold working.
Severe service means rapid continuous loading where the ratio of minimum to maximum load (or stress) is one-half or less, as in automotive valve springs.
Average service includes the same stress range as in severe service but with only intermittent operation, as in engine governor springs and automobile suspension springs.
Light service includes springs subjected to loads that are static or very infrequently varied, as in safety valve springs.
The springs are mostly made from oil-tempered carbon steel wires containing 0.60 to 0.70 per cent carbon and 0.60 to 1.0 per cent manganese.
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Design analysis of Cotter joint used in piston rod and crosshead a.pptx
Design analysis of Cotter joint
used in piston rod and crosshead
1.Abstract
2.Introduction
3.Literature survey
4.Design of cotter joint
5.Cotter joint to connect piston rod and crosshead
6.Example problem statement
7.3d modelling of cotter joint
8.Analysis of cotter joint
9.Result and discussion
10.Conclusion
11.Suggestion for future
12.References
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Design analysis of Cotter joint used in piston rod and crosshead a.pptx
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2 a. Cotter joint
- 1. COTTER JOINTS KNUCKLE JOINTS
- 2. CENTRIC & ECCENTRIC LOADING
- 4. COTTER JOINTS A cotter is a flat wedge-shaped piece of steelas shown in figure. This is used to connect rigidly two rods which transmit motion in the axial direction, without rotation. These joints may be subjected to tensile or compressive forces along the axes of the rods. Examples of cotter joint connections are: connection of piston rod to the crosshead of a steam engine,valve rod and its stem etc. A typicalcotter jointis as shown infigure. One of the rods has a socket end into which the other rod is inserted and the cotter is driven into a slot, made in both the socket andthe rod.
- 5. •Let P = Load carried by the rods, •d = Diameter of the rods, •d1 =Outsidediameter of socket, •d2 = Diameter of spigotor inside •diameter ofsocket, •d3= Outsidediameter of spigot collar , •t1=Thicknessof spigot collar •d4 = Diameter of socketcollar , •c=Thickness of socket collar , •b = Mean widthof cotter , •t=Thickness of cotter , •l= Length of cotter , •a = Distance from the end of the slot to the end of rod, •σt = Permissibletensilestress for the rods material, •τ = Permissibleshear stress for the cotter material, and •σc = Permissiblecrushing stressfor the cotter
- 7. REMIND THESE POINTS A Cotter Joints Is A Flat Wedge Link Piece Of Steel Of Rectangular Cross Section Which Is Inserted Through The Rods At High Angle To Their Axes .It Is Uniform In Thickness But Tapering In Width , Generally On One Side Only. Usually The Taper Is 1 In 30. When A Special Arrangement Like A Set-screw Is Provided For Keeping The Cotter From Slackening Its Taper May Be As Large As 1 In 7. The End Of The Cotter Are Made Narrow To Facilitate The Hammering For Fixing And Removing. Cotter Joins Are Generally Use To Fasten Rigidly Two Rod S Which Is Subjected To Tensile Or Compressive Stress Along Their Axes. This Joint Is Used To Connect Two Circular Rods. This Joint In Not Suitable Where The Member Are Subjected Under Rotation.
- 8. FAILURES :-
- 16. HERE ISTHE EQUATIONS OF FAILURES
- 17. Example 1: Design and draw a cotter joint to support a load varying from 30 kN in compression to 30 kN in tension. The material used is carbon steel for which the following allowable stresses may be used. The load is applied statically. Tensile stress = compressive stress = 50 MPa ; shear stress = 35 MPa and crushing stress Solution. Given : P = 30 kN = 30 × 103 N ; st = 50 MPa = 50 N / mm2 ; t = 35 MPa = 35 N / mm2 ; sc = 90 MPa = 90 N/mm2