This document provides an overview of the history and cultures of indigenous peoples in North and South America prior to European contact. It describes how the first humans arrived in America over 22,000 years ago across a land bridge between Asia and Alaska. It then discusses the development of hunting and gathering societies, the emergence of agriculture around 10,000 years ago, and the rise of complex civilizations like the Olmec, Maya, Aztec, and Inca between 3,000-1,200 years ago. The document also profiles the diverse native societies that existed in North America around 1492, including groups in California, the Northwest Coast, Southwest, and Eastern Woodlands.

1. US I CH. 1 SEC.1-4
Ms. Serritella

2. CHAPTER ONE-3 WORLDS MEET
 Think about this:
 How would you react to people whose language
and appearance are unlike anything you have
ever known?
 What do you think can happen if one culture
imposes its values on another?
 What do you think culture clash is?

3. CH. 1 SECTION 1: PEOPLING THE
AMERICAS
 Anicent Peoples Come to the Americas
 -The first Americans may have arrived 22,000
years ago.
 Ice age glaciers had frozen parts of the earths
water, lowering sea levels to expose a land bridge
between Asia & Alaska.
 Ancient hunters trekked across this frozen land
into North America.

4. CH. 1 SEC. 1
 Hunting & Gathering
 Most of these ancient people came by foot, others
used boats made of animal parts for their
journey.
 Early Americans were “big game hunters”.
 An animal like the woolley mammoth was not
only food, but also provided clothing & shelter, as
well as bones for making tools.
 When the Ice Age ended, this way of hunting also
ended.
 People then became “small game hunters”
(relying on fish, fruit, berries).

5. CH. 1 SEC. 1
 Agriculture Develops
 About 10,000-5,000 years ago, people began to
plant crops in central Mexico.
 Maize (corn) was believed to be the first plant
made for human use.
 Eventually agriculture techniques would be
spread throughout America.
 Agriculture made it possible for people to stay in
one place & store surplus food.
 However, some Native Americans never adapted
to this way of life, and stayed nomadic
(traveling place to place for their food).

6. CH. 1 SEC. 1
 Complex Socities Flourish in America
 3,000 years ago, the first Americans began to build
large communities & civilizations.
 Empires of Middle & South America
 The first empire of Americas emerged as early as
1200 BC in what is present day Southern Mexico.
 Olmec: created a thriving civilization in the humid
rainforest across the gulf of Mexico. Collapsed in400
BC
 Maya: based in Guatemala and the Yucatan
Peninsula between AD 250-900.
 Aztec: thrived in the Valley of Mexico in the 1200s.
 Inca: most prominent of the empire builders. 1200
AD, created a 2,500 mile long empire in the
mountains of South America.

7. CH. 1 SEC. 1
 Ancient Desert Farmers
 3,000 years ago, North American groups introduced
crops into the Southwestern deserts.
 The Hohokam & Anasazi were some of these
groups.
 Each group would eventually start their own
civilizations.
 Both groups thrived in the areas that are present day
Arizona.
 Mound Builders
 East of the Mississippi, the Adena, Hopewell,
Mississipian societies excelled at building & trade.
 All of these groups thrived at building, the
Mississipian excelled at pyramid building.
 All of these groups were ancestors of the Native
Americans.

8. CH. 1 SEC 1.- WRAP UP
 Which society do you feel you would have liked to
be apart of and why?
 Choose wisely & carefully (Ms. Serritella will tell
you why soon!)
 http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ancient-americans
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGWbV-O_
YE4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGWbV-O_YE4

9. CH. 1 SEC. 2: NORTH AMERICAN
SOCIETIES AROUND 1492
 Kashaya Pomo: Native American society who
lived along the Northern California coast.
 Native Americans Live in Diverse Societies
 Native American groups were diverse, depending
on where they lived.
 Some were nomadic, some stayed in the same
place and acted as farming communities.
 California: home of the Kashaya Pomo, they
enjoyed the long coastline for fishing.

10. CH. 1 SEC. 2
 Northwest Coast: The sea & the forest
sustained large communities that lived in this
area. Southern Alaska to California.
 Kwakitul: resided in this area, hunted whales,
sea otters & seals.
 They decorated masks & boats, known for their
totem poles. (symbols of spirits that guided
the family). Announced wealth and status.
 Potlatches: ceremonies in which large amount
of possessions are given away. Reputation/wealth
depended on the size of the potlatch. Up to 12
years planning for the event.

11. CH.1 SEC. 2
 Southwest: home of the Pueblo, descended
from the Hohokum & Anasazi.
 Lived in settlements near waterways, used to
irrigate their farms.
 Lived in multistory homes, farmed corn, squash
& melons.
 Eastern Woodlands: forest land that was home
to the Iroquois (east of the Mississippi River).
 Iroquois: hunter gatherers, traveled by canoe or
foot, survived harsh winters by using animals for
food and clothing.

12. CH. 1 SEC. 2
 Native Americans Share Cultural Patterns
 No two societies are alike, but shared traits like
patterns of trade, land use, religious beliefs &
social values.
 Trading Networks: