Mycoplasma are small, wall-less bacteria that were first observed in the 18th century and have since been linked to various diseases in both humans and plants. They grow optimally at 35-37 degrees Celsius, are resistant to certain antibiotics, and can reproduce through binary fission. Mycoplasma infections spread via respiratory droplets and can lead to conditions such as pneumonia and infertility in humans, as well as diseases affecting crops.

1. MYCOPLASMA
MUSKAN
M.SC MICROBIOLOGY

2. HISTORY OF MYOPLASMA
 The name of mycoplasma from the Greek mykes (fungus) and plasma (formed), was
proposed in 1950s replace that the term plural pneumonia like PPLO .
 The generic name of mycoplasma was given by KNOWAK in 1929 due to their fungus
like resembless.
 This organism were firstly observed Louis pasture in 18 centuries , when he studying the
causative agent of BOVINI PLURAL PNEUMONIA.
 Its was believed that causal agent of PPLO( plural pneumonia like organism).
 This causal agent was first isolated by NOCARD & EMILE ROUX in 1898.
NOCARD E. ROUX

3. MYCOPLASMA
 Mycoplasma are the independently replicating bacteria.
 They are 150nm -250nm free living organism & they have lack cell wall.
 They are pleomorphic ( that is able to change there shape) depending upon culture
media
 Its is non motile, forming of fried egg and mulberry shaped colony on agar.
 They are ultra filterable that is they can passed trough to bacterial proof filter.
 Unicellular organism.
 Sterol contain cell membrane .
 Its culture on liquid and solid medium.

4. OVER VIEW OF MYCOPLASMA
 Growths optimally at 35-37 degree C.
 They normally destroyed by heat at 45 degree C for 15 min.
 Its usually resistant to antibiotic like penicillin & cephalosporin & cephaloridine etc.
 They are sensitive in tetra cyclin media.
 Contain both DNA & RNA.
 Both are intracellular & extracellular parasitism.
 Do not produced spore.
 They usually divided by binary fission.
 They required sterol for their nutrition.

5. Habitat and habitat
 Mycoplasma are parasitic as well as saprophytic
 As well as more than 200 mycoplasma like body are fond to be associated with sewage,
plant, animals, insects, humorus , hot spring water and found in phloem tissues of disease
plant
 Mycoplasma organism are usually associated with mucosa.

6. CELL STRUCTURE
 In mycoplasma cells are small that is 150- 250nm.
 They have rigid cell wall is absent.
 Cell are surrounded by triple layer lipoprotinatious unit membrane that is 10nm thick cell membrane.
 This cell membrane contain sterol.
 Unit membrane encloses the cytoplasm, with in the cytoplasm RNA , DNA & Ribosome are +nt.
 Ribosome are 14nm & diameter & 72 S- type .
 DNA (double stranded helix) & it can be distinguish from bacterial DNA from low GC contain.
 In some species from some polar body protrude out from one or other end of the cell BLEV. This BLEV is
consider the site of attachment during infection.
 The surface antigen +nt in mycoplasma are made up of glycoprotein & lipid:-
 They are 17 species of mycoplasma have been isolated from human, but 4 species are clinically significance for
infection.
 These species are M. homnis, M. genitalivium.


8. SPREAD OF MYCOPLASMA INFECTION
 Mycoplasma infection is spread by droplet form, nasopharyngeal secretion during the
closed contact of infected person.
 Diseases cause by mycoplasma are plant diseases:- 1 bunchy top of papaya , big bud of
tomato, strip disease of sugarcane.
 Human diseases:- PAP, PLEURO- PNEUMONIA , INFLAMATION OF GENTILE &
INFERTILITY
 PLANT DISEASES:- a galactia of goat & sheep, pleural pneumonia of cattle&
inflammation of gentile.

9. DIAGNOSIS OF MYCOPLASMA INFECTION
 Majorities of mycoplasma infection are diagnosed with serological test such as COLD
AGGLUTINATION TEST , STREPTOCOCCAL MG TEST, IMMUNOFLORESENCE ,
HEAM AGGULITINATION , INHIBITION TEST, CFT.

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