The document discusses coordination in management. It defines coordination as balancing teams' work to ensure tasks are allocated appropriately and performed harmoniously. Coordination is important for achieving unity of action and common objectives without wasted time and resources. It discusses techniques like clearly defined objectives, effective communication, and sound organizational structure to facilitate coordination within and outside an organization. The document also covers types of coordination like internal, vertical, horizontal and external coordination.

1. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
CHAPTER-18
CO-ORDINATION
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2. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Introduction
• Co-ordination is the process which ensures
smooth interplay of the functions of
management. Common objectives are
achieved without much wastage of time,
efforts and money with the help of co-
ordination.
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3. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
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4. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Definition
• Co-ordination is balancing and keeping the
teams together by ensuring a suitable
allocation of working activities to the various
members and seeing that these are
performed with due harmony among the
members themselves.
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5. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Features or Characteristics
• Not separate functions of management.
• Managerial responsibility
• Provides unity of action
• Co-ordination is necessary to all levels of
organization
• Relevant of group efforts.
• Continuous and dynamic process
• System concept
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6. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Need and importance of co-ordination
• Unity in diversity
• Term work or unity of directions
• Functional differentiation
• Specialization
• Reconciliation of goals
• Large number of employees
• Congruity of flows or congruent flows
• Empire building
• Differential and integration
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7. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Techniques of Control
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Principles of
Co-ordination
Personal
contact
Continuity
Self
coordination
Effective
supervision
Simplified
organization
Effectives
communication
Reciprocal
relationship
DynamismEarly Start
Clear cut
objectives
Clear definition
of authority and
responsibility
Effective
leadership

8. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Techniques of Co-ordination
• Clearly Defined Objectives
• Effectives chain of command
• Coordination through group meetings
• Harmonious policies and procedures
• Effective communication
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9. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Techniques of Co-ordination
• Sound organizational structure
• Coordination through a liaison officer
• Co-operation
• Self coordination
• Coordination by leadership
• Incentives
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10. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Types of coordination
• Internal coordination
• Vertical coordination
• Horizontal coordination
• External coordination
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11. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Internal coordination
• It is the establishment of relationship of the
managers, executives, divisions, subdivisions,
and other workers.
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12. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Internal coordination
Vertical coordination:
Superior coordinates his work with his sub
coordinates and vice versa. Sales manager
coordinates his work with the activities of the
sales supervisor.
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13. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Internal coordination
Horizontal coordination:
Horizontal Coordination refers between the
persons of the same status. Coordination
between the departmental heads, supervisors,
co-workers
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14. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
External coordination
• It is the establishment of relationship of the
managers, executives, divisions, subdivisions,
and other workers.
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15. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
External coordination
Different
Market agencies industrial
organization
General public
Competitor Different Financial
institution institution
Technologies Agencies
Different
commercial
Technological Customers government organizations
organization agencies
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16. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Problems of Co-ordination
In practice coordination faces certain problems
listed below.
• Natural hindrance
• Lack of administrative talent
• lack of techniques of coordination
• Ideas and objectives
• Misunderstanding
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17. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Steps of effective Co-ordination
• proper delegation of authority and responsibility
• Whole or entire activates of the organization
should be divided department –wise or section-
wise according to the organization
• Preparing and adherence to rigid rules and
regulations, procedures, policies, etc.
• Establishment of an effective communication
system
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18. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Steps of effective Co-ordination
• Establishment of employees grievances cell.
• There should be a proper system for reporting.
• Skilled workers are to be rewarded adequately.
• The management should induce the employees
to take active part in meeting, committees,
encourage the employees to have friendly
relationship with others.
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19. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Steps of effective Co-ordination
• The management should encourage the
employees to have friendly relationship with
others.
• Managers should have opportunities to get
training to get training in the area of
leadership, coordination, planning staffing
and the like.
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20. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Co-ordination and Co-operation
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Co-ordination Co-operation
It is the function of management. It is not a function of management.
Coordination is an orderly
arrangement of group efforts.
Cooperation is willingness to work
with others or help others
The early success of an organization
depends upon the degree of co-
ordination.
Co-ordination is the basis for co-
ordination.
Co-ordination is obtained officially. Co-ordination is a voluntary service.
There is a direct link between the
achievement of objectives and co-
ordination.
There is no such direct connection
between co-operation and the
achievement of objectives.