This document outlines 14 principles of management that form the foundation for successful management. These principles include division of work, authority and responsibility, discipline, unity of command, unity of direction, subordination of individual interests, remuneration, centralization, scalar chain, order, equity, stability, initiative, and esprit de corps. The document then provides a brief definition or explanation of each principle. The overall purpose is to define management and explain the key principles that managers should follow to efficiently organize and lead their teams.

1. Principles of
Management
By: Orrette Muir
20 Sept 2021

2. Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, participants should be able to:
Knowledge
• Define management
• Outline the principles of management
Performance
• Apply the principles of management to workplace situations
Attitude
• Appreciate the role of the principles of management to
organizational efficiency

3. Principles of Management
• These are fourteen (14) essential, underlying
factors that form the foundations of successful
management
• These principles serve as guidelines for
decisions and actions of managers.
• They are derived through observation and
analysis of events which managers have to face
in actual practice.

4. Principles of Management
• Division of work
• Authority & responsibility
• Discipline
• Unity of command
• Unity of direction
• Subordination of
individual interest to
general interest
• Remuneration of
personnel

5. Principles of management, cont’d
• Centralisation
• Scalar chain
• Order
• Equity
• Stability of tenure of
personnel
• Initiative
• Esprit de corps

6. Principles of Management
Division of Work - Specialization allows the individual to
build up experience, and to continuously improve its
skills. Thereby he can be more productive
Authority – The right to issue command, coupled with the
responsibility for its function
Unity of Command – All workers should have only one
boss with no other conflicting lines of command

7. Principles of Management
• Discipline – Employees must obey, but this is two-sided:
employees will only obey orders if management play their
part by providing good leadership.
• Remuneration - Workers must be paid, as this is a chief
motivation of employees and therefore greatly influences
productivity. The amount and methods of remuneration
should be fair, reasonable and reward effort.

8. Principles of Management
• Unity of Direction - All those working in the same line of
activity must understand and pursue the same objectives.
• Subordination - The management must put aside personal
considerations and put company objectives first. Therefore
the interests of goals of the organization must prevail over
the personal interests of individuals.

9. Principles of Management
• Centralization - is the concentration of decision making
authority with top management. Sharing of authority with
lower levels is called decentralization. The organization
should strive to achieve a proper balance between the two.
• Scalar Chain - refers to the chain of superiors ranging from
top management to the lowest rank. The principle suggests
that there should be a clear line of authority from top to
bottom linking all managers at all levels. It is considered a
chain of command.

10. Principles of Management
• Order - Social order ensures the smooth operation of a
company throughout its daily activities. This will help to
ensure safety and efficiency in the workplace.
• Equity - Employees must be treated kindly, and justice must
be done to ensure a just workplace. Managers should be fair
and impartial when dealing with employees.
• Stability - The period of service should not be too short and
employees should not be moved from positions frequently.
An employee cannot render useful service if he is removed
before he becomes accustomed to the work assigned to him

11. Principles of Management
• Initiative - Using the initiative of employees can add
strength and new/better ideas to an organization. Employees
are likely to take greater interest in the functioning of the
organization.
• Esprit de Corps - This refers to the need of managers to
ensure and develop morale in the workplace; individually
and collectively. Team spirit helps develop an atmosphere of
mutual trust, understanding and camaraderie.

12. The efforts of other people
•Management can be defined as ‘getting work done
through the efforts of other people’
•Managers are judged not just on their performance
but on the results achieved by their subordinates

13. The work of a manager – the Environmental Setting

14. THE END
Any Further Questions
Thank You