Medicinal value of plant Crataeva nurvala including its nomenclature, habit and habitat, cultivation and collection, Macro and Microscopic characteristics, phytochemical constituents and its pharmacological action.
Medicinal value of plant Picrorhiza scrophulariflora including its nomenclature, habit and habitat, cultivation and collection, Macro and Microscopic characteristics, phytochemical constituents and its pharmacological action.
This document provides information on the plant Oroxylum indicum, including its nomenclature, habitat, morphological characteristics, cultivation practices, traditional medical uses, pharmacological actions, major chemical constituents, and commercial applications. It describes O. indicum as a semi-deciduous tree found in tropical areas of South Asia and Southeast Asia. Various parts of the plant have been used ethnomedicinally to treat conditions like fever, digestive issues, wounds, and rheumatism. Extracts from O. indicum have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties in pharmacological studies. Major chemical constituents include compounds like oroxylin A, β-sitosterol, ursolic
This document discusses Aconitum spicatum (Bikh), including its nomenclature, biological source, habitat, cultivation, chemical constituents, pharmacological actions, and pharmacopeial standards. It notes that A. spicatum is a perennial herb found throughout Nepal between 1800-4200 meters in elevation. The roots and tubers contain alkaloids like aconitine and are used medicinally to treat conditions like neuralgia, rheumatism, and cough. The document outlines several pharmacological actions of the alkaloids including cardiac, nervous system, analgesic, and anti-epileptic effects.
This document provides an overview of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (Panchaunle), including its nomenclature, biological source, habitat, cultivation, microscopic and macroscopic characteristics, chemical constituents, pharmacological actions, and commercial value. The root of D. hatagirea is used as medicine and contains compounds such as dactylosis A and B. It grows in the Himalayas between 2800-4000m and flowers from June to July. Traditionally, it is used as an aphrodisiac, expectorant, and nervine tonic.
This document provides information on Terminalia chebula, a species of tree native to southern Asia. It discusses the introduction, nomenclature, characteristics, cultivation, uses and pharmacological properties of T. chebula. Some key points include that it is a deciduous tree growing up to 30 meters tall, its fruit has a bitter taste and is used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat various conditions. Studies have shown that extracts from T. chebula have antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial and other pharmacological effects.
This document discusses churnas, which are fine herbal powders used in Ayurvedic medicine. It describes how churnas are prepared by cleaning, drying, pulverizing and sieving herbs. Parameters for standardizing churnas include authentication of plant parts, morphology, microscopy, chemical composition, physical properties, and biological factors. Examples of evaluating physical parameters like pH, moisture content, and ash value are provided. Common uses of churnas include as carminatives, diuretics, laxatives, and for conditions like diarrhea. Some example churna formulations are listed.
According to Ayurveda
Churna is defined as “ a fine powder of one or more drugs”. Chruna formulation is Similar to powder
formulation in allopathic System of medicine.
Now-a-days churna is formulated into tablets in order to fix the dose easily and for convenience.
These forms of medicaments are prescribed generally because of their particle size.
Smaller the particle size of churna, better is the effect on the body.
Churna should be given with other vehicle like honey, milk or churna.
This make administration of churna easy and increased palatability also enhances therapeutic effect, such vehicles are called as Anupan in Ayurveda.
These forms of medicaments are prescribed generally because of their particle size.
Smaller the particle size of churna, better is the effect on the body.
Churna should be given with other vehicle like honey, milk or churna.
This make administration of churna easy and increased palatability also enhances therapeutic effect, such vehicles are called as Anupan in Ayurveda.
Medicinal value of plant Picrorhiza scrophulariflora including its nomenclature, habit and habitat, cultivation and collection, Macro and Microscopic characteristics, phytochemical constituents and its pharmacological action.
This document provides information on the plant Oroxylum indicum, including its nomenclature, habitat, morphological characteristics, cultivation practices, traditional medical uses, pharmacological actions, major chemical constituents, and commercial applications. It describes O. indicum as a semi-deciduous tree found in tropical areas of South Asia and Southeast Asia. Various parts of the plant have been used ethnomedicinally to treat conditions like fever, digestive issues, wounds, and rheumatism. Extracts from O. indicum have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties in pharmacological studies. Major chemical constituents include compounds like oroxylin A, β-sitosterol, ursolic
This document discusses Aconitum spicatum (Bikh), including its nomenclature, biological source, habitat, cultivation, chemical constituents, pharmacological actions, and pharmacopeial standards. It notes that A. spicatum is a perennial herb found throughout Nepal between 1800-4200 meters in elevation. The roots and tubers contain alkaloids like aconitine and are used medicinally to treat conditions like neuralgia, rheumatism, and cough. The document outlines several pharmacological actions of the alkaloids including cardiac, nervous system, analgesic, and anti-epileptic effects.
This document provides an overview of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (Panchaunle), including its nomenclature, biological source, habitat, cultivation, microscopic and macroscopic characteristics, chemical constituents, pharmacological actions, and commercial value. The root of D. hatagirea is used as medicine and contains compounds such as dactylosis A and B. It grows in the Himalayas between 2800-4000m and flowers from June to July. Traditionally, it is used as an aphrodisiac, expectorant, and nervine tonic.
This document provides information on Terminalia chebula, a species of tree native to southern Asia. It discusses the introduction, nomenclature, characteristics, cultivation, uses and pharmacological properties of T. chebula. Some key points include that it is a deciduous tree growing up to 30 meters tall, its fruit has a bitter taste and is used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat various conditions. Studies have shown that extracts from T. chebula have antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial and other pharmacological effects.
This document discusses churnas, which are fine herbal powders used in Ayurvedic medicine. It describes how churnas are prepared by cleaning, drying, pulverizing and sieving herbs. Parameters for standardizing churnas include authentication of plant parts, morphology, microscopy, chemical composition, physical properties, and biological factors. Examples of evaluating physical parameters like pH, moisture content, and ash value are provided. Common uses of churnas include as carminatives, diuretics, laxatives, and for conditions like diarrhea. Some example churna formulations are listed.
According to Ayurveda
Churna is defined as “ a fine powder of one or more drugs”. Chruna formulation is Similar to powder
formulation in allopathic System of medicine.
Now-a-days churna is formulated into tablets in order to fix the dose easily and for convenience.
These forms of medicaments are prescribed generally because of their particle size.
Smaller the particle size of churna, better is the effect on the body.
Churna should be given with other vehicle like honey, milk or churna.
This make administration of churna easy and increased palatability also enhances therapeutic effect, such vehicles are called as Anupan in Ayurveda.
These forms of medicaments are prescribed generally because of their particle size.
Smaller the particle size of churna, better is the effect on the body.
Churna should be given with other vehicle like honey, milk or churna.
This make administration of churna easy and increased palatability also enhances therapeutic effect, such vehicles are called as Anupan in Ayurveda.
The document discusses various Ayurvedic dosage forms including solid, semisolid, and liquid forms. It describes the classification and preparation methods of common dosage forms such as churna, gutika, asava, arishta, avaleha, and lehya. The document also covers parameters for standardizing different Ayurvedic formulations to ensure quality, purity, and therapeutic efficacy.
Guggul is a resin extracted from the Commiphora wightii tree through incisions made on the stem. It has a bitter taste and balsamic odor. The resin contains ketonic steroids, gum, volatile oils, and diterpenoids. Guggul has many health benefits and is used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat high cholesterol, obesity, arthritis, and other conditions. The tree is cultivated for its medicinal properties, with commercial cultivation increasing in response to demand for herbal medicines. Proper soil, climate, propagation methods, tapping, and protection from termites are required to successfully cultivate the guggul tree.
Resin occurs as rounded masses or tears that are nearly transparent and moist when fresh. It burns in fire and melts in the sun. Resin has a golden, pale yellow, or dull brown color with a fragrant and balsamic odor and bitter and aromatic taste. It is partly soluble in alcohol and hot ethyl acetate. Some medicinal uses of resin include treatments for heart disease, gout, spondilytis, various infections, infective hepatitis, and as an acute viral infection remedy and hypocholesteremic and hypolipidemic.
This document provides information about Vinca (Catharanthus roseus), including its synonyms, biological source, geographical source, chemical constituents, mechanism of action, isolation and estimation, chemical tests, uses, and marketed products. Vinca contains several indole and dihydroindole alkaloids, including vinblastine and vincristine, which are isolated from C. roseus leaves and have antimitotic and anticancer properties. They work by binding to tubulin and inhibiting microtubule polymerization. Vinblastine and vincristine are commonly used to treat various types of cancer such as leukemia, lung cancer, and lymphoma.
Satavari is an herb known as Asparagus racemosus that grows in tropical regions. It is used in Ayurvedic medicine, particularly for women's health issues like threatened abortion, safe delivery, and as a galactogogue. The root is harvested after 2 years, dried, and used to make infusions, tinctures, or preserves. It contains steroidal saponins that are thought to contribute to its anti-oxytocic and uterine blocking activities valued in Ayurvedic medicine.
Medicinal value of Urtica dioica
Contents
Nomenclature
Biological source
Habbitat
cultivation and collection
chemical constituent
Pharmacological action including antioxidant, Anti-helmintic, Anti-diabetic, antiviral, hepatoprotective, anti-bacterial.
This document describes the characteristics of ipecac root and powder. It details that ipecac comes from two species of plants and contains isoquinoline alkaloids including emetine. The Brazilian variety contains more emetine and is preferred for its expectorant effects over the Cartagena variety. The powder is grayish-brown and contains starch granules, cork, and calcium oxalate raphides. Ipecac is used to induce vomiting in acute poisoning and as an expectorant in coughs.
1. Pharmacognostic profile of Fenugreek
2. Macroscopy
3. General uses and Common names of fenugreek
4. Health benefits
5. Nutraceutical properties
6. Medicinal uses of fenugreek
7. Doses & Adverse effects
8. Formulations
9. Thank you
Gymnema is a plant found throughout Asia whose leaves contain various compounds and have traditionally been used to treat diabetes and stimulate digestion. Research also suggests that supplements combining gymnema extract with other ingredients may help with weight loss. The leaves are opposite and elliptical or oval in shape, bearing small yellow flowers and follicle fruits up to 8 cm long.
1. Asava and Arishta are traditional Ayurvedic liquid fermented medicines made by soaking herbs in a solution of sugar or jaggery in an earthen pot for 1-3 months to undergo fermentation.
2. The key difference is that Arishta is prepared from a decoction of dried herbs while Asava uses fresh dried herbs.
3. The fermentation process is initiated by the addition of flowers from the Woodfordia fruticosa plant and produces medicines that are moderately alcoholic and sweet with slight acidity and aroma.
This presentation intends to introduce about ayurvedic tablets known as gutikas or vatis. The content is suitable for undergraduate pharmacy students and high school science learners. It focusses on preparation and standardization. This topic is part of herbal drug technology of B.Pharmacy PCI curriculum.
Artemisia is a plant from the daisy family found in parts of Asia and the Middle East. It contains the compound artemisinin, which is used to treat malaria. Artemisinin and its derivatives are the most effective drugs currently available for treating drug-resistant malaria. The plant also contains other compounds like santonin which are used as anthelmintics to treat parasitic worm infections. Solvent extraction, especially using propylene glycol methyl ether, is commonly used to separate artemisinin from the Artemisia annua plant for medicinal use.
Sonia Singh, an assistant professor at GLA University, gave a presentation on the pharmacognosy and phytochemistry of coriander. Coriander consists of the dried ripe fruits of Coriandrum sativum, which are cultivated in parts of Europe, Africa, and India. The fruit is yellowish-brown and spherical, containing volatile oils that are aromatic and spicy. Microscopic examination shows the fruit has a dorsal ridge and commissural surface, with epicarp cells containing calcium oxalate crystals. The chemical constituents include volatile oils like linalool, terpenes, and fatty acids. Therapeutically, coriander is used as a carminative, digestive aid, and
The document discusses peppermint (Mentha pipertia), including its botanical information, parts used, chemical constituents like menthol and menthone, mechanisms of action as a calcium channel blocker, uses to treat nausea, headaches and reduce inflammation, potential side effects like heartburn and allergic reactions, contraindications during pregnancy and intestinal diseases, interactions with other drugs, and dosage recommendations of 3-6 grams as an infusion or 0.2 ml of peppermint oil per day in capsules.
Clove is the dried flower bud of Eugenia caryophyllus, a tree native to Indonesia and cultivated in India. The ideal climate is a cooler, humid tropical region with well-distributed rainfall. Cloves contain 15-20% volatile clove oil, which is composed mainly of eugenol. Cloves are harvested by hand when buds are plump but unopened, then dried. Cloves are used as a spice and for flavoring, and clove oil is used commercially to produce vanillin and as an antiseptic. Potential adulterants include clove stalks, exhausted cloves with low oil content, and blown clove flowers.
This document summarizes information about Aloes. It describes Aloes as a genus of over 500 species of succulent plants, with Aloe vera being the most widely known species. It is obtained from the dried juice of various Aloe species' leaves. The document outlines the geographical sources and morphological characteristics of four main types of Aloes - Curacao aloe, Cape aloe, Zanzibar aloe, and Socotrine aloe. It also details some of the main chemical constituents of Aloes and describes several chemical tests used to identify different Aloe varieties. The document concludes with discussing substitutes, adulterants, and common uses of Aloes.
Fennel, known as Foeniculum vulgare, is a plant in the Apiaceae family whose dried ripe fruit is used medicinally. There are two main types - sweet fennel contains more anethole which is used for its anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties, while bitter fennel contains more fenchone. Major chemical constituents include anethole, fenchone, limonene, and estragol. Fennel is used as a carminative to relieve gas, and its vitamin C, coumarin, and potassium content provide antioxidant, anti-coagulant, and bronchodilatory effects. Side effects are rare but can include nausea, vomiting, or all
Tinospora Cordifolia the magical Herb (Giloy)Vedant Patel
Advanced Herbal drug technology,A Presentation on
Extraction, isolation and standardization of Phytochemicals in Crude extract of Tinospora Cordifolia (Giloy, gulvel,giloe, Amrita,garo).It Shows presence of flavonoids and Alkaloids which shows Anti-cancer,Anti-oxidants, Anti-viral, Anti-inflammatory and Anti-allergic activity by boosting host immune system. it also involves different test for identification of Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins,tanins, glycoside.
The evaluation of the effect of Sida acuta leaf extract on the microanatomy a...IOSR Journals
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Sida acuta on the micro-anatomy of the liver and some biochemical parameters in adult Wistar rats. Thirty rats weighing between 140-180g were assigned to three groups (A, B and C) with ten animals each. Group A served as the control while groups B and C served as the experimental groups and received 100mg/kgbw and 200mg/kgbw of the extract respectively for fourteen days. All the animals were sacrificed after fourteen days. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis of serum liver enzymes s The liver was removed, preserved and processed for paraffin sections and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The animals in the control group showed normal histological and biochemical parameters. Conversely, animals that received 100mg/kgbw of the extract showed slight difference in their hepatic cyto-architecture while animals that were administered with 200mg/kgbw of the extract revealed distorted morphological feature showing shrunken sinusoid and dilation of the central vein suggesting that the extract has adverse effect on the morphology of the liver. Results of the serum liver enzymes of animals treated with 100mg/kgbw and 200mg/kg revealed significantly decreased values of AST, ALP and ALT (P <0.05) relative to the control. From the result of this experiment, it is concluded that administration of ethanolic extract of Sida acuta leaves may be toxic to Wistar rats at the doses administered.
Histomorphology and biochemical effects of sida acuta leaf extract on the kid...Alexander Decker
The study assessed the effects of ethanolic extract of Sida acuta leaf on the kidney morphology of Wistar rats. Rats were divided into groups that received either 100mg/kg or 200mg/kg of the extract daily for 14 days or served as the control. Histological analysis found compressed renal corpuscles, increased Bowman's space, and constricted collecting tubules in treated rats, which may negatively impact renal function. The extract also significantly decreased body weight in treated rats compared to controls. This suggests that chronic doses of the Sida acuta extract adversely affected the kidney morphology of rats and may impair renal function. Further studies on physiological and biochemical parameters are needed to corroborate these morphological findings.
The document discusses various Ayurvedic dosage forms including solid, semisolid, and liquid forms. It describes the classification and preparation methods of common dosage forms such as churna, gutika, asava, arishta, avaleha, and lehya. The document also covers parameters for standardizing different Ayurvedic formulations to ensure quality, purity, and therapeutic efficacy.
Guggul is a resin extracted from the Commiphora wightii tree through incisions made on the stem. It has a bitter taste and balsamic odor. The resin contains ketonic steroids, gum, volatile oils, and diterpenoids. Guggul has many health benefits and is used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat high cholesterol, obesity, arthritis, and other conditions. The tree is cultivated for its medicinal properties, with commercial cultivation increasing in response to demand for herbal medicines. Proper soil, climate, propagation methods, tapping, and protection from termites are required to successfully cultivate the guggul tree.
Resin occurs as rounded masses or tears that are nearly transparent and moist when fresh. It burns in fire and melts in the sun. Resin has a golden, pale yellow, or dull brown color with a fragrant and balsamic odor and bitter and aromatic taste. It is partly soluble in alcohol and hot ethyl acetate. Some medicinal uses of resin include treatments for heart disease, gout, spondilytis, various infections, infective hepatitis, and as an acute viral infection remedy and hypocholesteremic and hypolipidemic.
This document provides information about Vinca (Catharanthus roseus), including its synonyms, biological source, geographical source, chemical constituents, mechanism of action, isolation and estimation, chemical tests, uses, and marketed products. Vinca contains several indole and dihydroindole alkaloids, including vinblastine and vincristine, which are isolated from C. roseus leaves and have antimitotic and anticancer properties. They work by binding to tubulin and inhibiting microtubule polymerization. Vinblastine and vincristine are commonly used to treat various types of cancer such as leukemia, lung cancer, and lymphoma.
Satavari is an herb known as Asparagus racemosus that grows in tropical regions. It is used in Ayurvedic medicine, particularly for women's health issues like threatened abortion, safe delivery, and as a galactogogue. The root is harvested after 2 years, dried, and used to make infusions, tinctures, or preserves. It contains steroidal saponins that are thought to contribute to its anti-oxytocic and uterine blocking activities valued in Ayurvedic medicine.
Medicinal value of Urtica dioica
Contents
Nomenclature
Biological source
Habbitat
cultivation and collection
chemical constituent
Pharmacological action including antioxidant, Anti-helmintic, Anti-diabetic, antiviral, hepatoprotective, anti-bacterial.
This document describes the characteristics of ipecac root and powder. It details that ipecac comes from two species of plants and contains isoquinoline alkaloids including emetine. The Brazilian variety contains more emetine and is preferred for its expectorant effects over the Cartagena variety. The powder is grayish-brown and contains starch granules, cork, and calcium oxalate raphides. Ipecac is used to induce vomiting in acute poisoning and as an expectorant in coughs.
1. Pharmacognostic profile of Fenugreek
2. Macroscopy
3. General uses and Common names of fenugreek
4. Health benefits
5. Nutraceutical properties
6. Medicinal uses of fenugreek
7. Doses & Adverse effects
8. Formulations
9. Thank you
Gymnema is a plant found throughout Asia whose leaves contain various compounds and have traditionally been used to treat diabetes and stimulate digestion. Research also suggests that supplements combining gymnema extract with other ingredients may help with weight loss. The leaves are opposite and elliptical or oval in shape, bearing small yellow flowers and follicle fruits up to 8 cm long.
1. Asava and Arishta are traditional Ayurvedic liquid fermented medicines made by soaking herbs in a solution of sugar or jaggery in an earthen pot for 1-3 months to undergo fermentation.
2. The key difference is that Arishta is prepared from a decoction of dried herbs while Asava uses fresh dried herbs.
3. The fermentation process is initiated by the addition of flowers from the Woodfordia fruticosa plant and produces medicines that are moderately alcoholic and sweet with slight acidity and aroma.
This presentation intends to introduce about ayurvedic tablets known as gutikas or vatis. The content is suitable for undergraduate pharmacy students and high school science learners. It focusses on preparation and standardization. This topic is part of herbal drug technology of B.Pharmacy PCI curriculum.
Artemisia is a plant from the daisy family found in parts of Asia and the Middle East. It contains the compound artemisinin, which is used to treat malaria. Artemisinin and its derivatives are the most effective drugs currently available for treating drug-resistant malaria. The plant also contains other compounds like santonin which are used as anthelmintics to treat parasitic worm infections. Solvent extraction, especially using propylene glycol methyl ether, is commonly used to separate artemisinin from the Artemisia annua plant for medicinal use.
Sonia Singh, an assistant professor at GLA University, gave a presentation on the pharmacognosy and phytochemistry of coriander. Coriander consists of the dried ripe fruits of Coriandrum sativum, which are cultivated in parts of Europe, Africa, and India. The fruit is yellowish-brown and spherical, containing volatile oils that are aromatic and spicy. Microscopic examination shows the fruit has a dorsal ridge and commissural surface, with epicarp cells containing calcium oxalate crystals. The chemical constituents include volatile oils like linalool, terpenes, and fatty acids. Therapeutically, coriander is used as a carminative, digestive aid, and
The document discusses peppermint (Mentha pipertia), including its botanical information, parts used, chemical constituents like menthol and menthone, mechanisms of action as a calcium channel blocker, uses to treat nausea, headaches and reduce inflammation, potential side effects like heartburn and allergic reactions, contraindications during pregnancy and intestinal diseases, interactions with other drugs, and dosage recommendations of 3-6 grams as an infusion or 0.2 ml of peppermint oil per day in capsules.
Clove is the dried flower bud of Eugenia caryophyllus, a tree native to Indonesia and cultivated in India. The ideal climate is a cooler, humid tropical region with well-distributed rainfall. Cloves contain 15-20% volatile clove oil, which is composed mainly of eugenol. Cloves are harvested by hand when buds are plump but unopened, then dried. Cloves are used as a spice and for flavoring, and clove oil is used commercially to produce vanillin and as an antiseptic. Potential adulterants include clove stalks, exhausted cloves with low oil content, and blown clove flowers.
This document summarizes information about Aloes. It describes Aloes as a genus of over 500 species of succulent plants, with Aloe vera being the most widely known species. It is obtained from the dried juice of various Aloe species' leaves. The document outlines the geographical sources and morphological characteristics of four main types of Aloes - Curacao aloe, Cape aloe, Zanzibar aloe, and Socotrine aloe. It also details some of the main chemical constituents of Aloes and describes several chemical tests used to identify different Aloe varieties. The document concludes with discussing substitutes, adulterants, and common uses of Aloes.
Fennel, known as Foeniculum vulgare, is a plant in the Apiaceae family whose dried ripe fruit is used medicinally. There are two main types - sweet fennel contains more anethole which is used for its anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties, while bitter fennel contains more fenchone. Major chemical constituents include anethole, fenchone, limonene, and estragol. Fennel is used as a carminative to relieve gas, and its vitamin C, coumarin, and potassium content provide antioxidant, anti-coagulant, and bronchodilatory effects. Side effects are rare but can include nausea, vomiting, or all
Tinospora Cordifolia the magical Herb (Giloy)Vedant Patel
Advanced Herbal drug technology,A Presentation on
Extraction, isolation and standardization of Phytochemicals in Crude extract of Tinospora Cordifolia (Giloy, gulvel,giloe, Amrita,garo).It Shows presence of flavonoids and Alkaloids which shows Anti-cancer,Anti-oxidants, Anti-viral, Anti-inflammatory and Anti-allergic activity by boosting host immune system. it also involves different test for identification of Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins,tanins, glycoside.
The evaluation of the effect of Sida acuta leaf extract on the microanatomy a...IOSR Journals
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Sida acuta on the micro-anatomy of the liver and some biochemical parameters in adult Wistar rats. Thirty rats weighing between 140-180g were assigned to three groups (A, B and C) with ten animals each. Group A served as the control while groups B and C served as the experimental groups and received 100mg/kgbw and 200mg/kgbw of the extract respectively for fourteen days. All the animals were sacrificed after fourteen days. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis of serum liver enzymes s The liver was removed, preserved and processed for paraffin sections and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The animals in the control group showed normal histological and biochemical parameters. Conversely, animals that received 100mg/kgbw of the extract showed slight difference in their hepatic cyto-architecture while animals that were administered with 200mg/kgbw of the extract revealed distorted morphological feature showing shrunken sinusoid and dilation of the central vein suggesting that the extract has adverse effect on the morphology of the liver. Results of the serum liver enzymes of animals treated with 100mg/kgbw and 200mg/kg revealed significantly decreased values of AST, ALP and ALT (P <0.05) relative to the control. From the result of this experiment, it is concluded that administration of ethanolic extract of Sida acuta leaves may be toxic to Wistar rats at the doses administered.
Histomorphology and biochemical effects of sida acuta leaf extract on the kid...Alexander Decker
The study assessed the effects of ethanolic extract of Sida acuta leaf on the kidney morphology of Wistar rats. Rats were divided into groups that received either 100mg/kg or 200mg/kg of the extract daily for 14 days or served as the control. Histological analysis found compressed renal corpuscles, increased Bowman's space, and constricted collecting tubules in treated rats, which may negatively impact renal function. The extract also significantly decreased body weight in treated rats compared to controls. This suggests that chronic doses of the Sida acuta extract adversely affected the kidney morphology of rats and may impair renal function. Further studies on physiological and biochemical parameters are needed to corroborate these morphological findings.
Protective effects of commelina benghalensis linn (root) extract on ethanol i...IJSIT Editor
The present study was undertaken to investigate the protective effect and possible mechanism of
alcoholic (AlE) and aqueous extract (AqE) from Commelina benghalensis root (CB) on EtOH-induced hepatic
injury in Wistar rat. Hepatotoxic parameters studied in vivo include serum transaminases (AST, and ALT),
ALP, bilirubin, protein, lipid profile (Cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL and HDL) and level of antioxidants
together with histopathological examination. Liv 52® was used as a reference hepatoprotective agent
(5ml/kg-1b.w.). AlE and AqE (200 mg/kg-1b.w.) on oral administration decreased the level of AST, ALP, ALT,
bilirubin, cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL, MDA and increased the level of protein, HDL and antioxidants (SOD,
GSH and CAT) in rats being treated with ethanol (EtOH). Pentobarbitone -induced sleeping time study was
carried out to verify the effect on microsomal enzymes Histopathological observations confirmed the
beneficial roles of MF against EtOH-induced liver injury in rats. Possible mechanism may involve their
antioxidant activity
Pigeon pea is a plant native to Indonesia that grows 1-2 meters high with hairy branches. It has yellow flowers 1.5 cm long and trifoliate leaves in a spiral pattern. The hairy pod is 4-7 cm long containing 2-7 seeds. All parts of pigeon pea can be used medicinally. Extracts from pigeon pea leaves and seeds have shown antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and hepatoprotective properties in scientific studies. Pigeon pea has potential for use in functional foods due to its nutritional composition and health benefits.
Efficacy Studies of Hepatoprotective Drug Isolated from Eclipta prostrata. L.IOSR Journals
In the commercial market, medicinal herbs are used as raw drugs, extracts or tinctures. Isolated
active constituents are used for applied research. Medicinal herbs are significant source of hepatoprotective
drugs, Eclipta prostrata. L. with active principle Wedelolactone is the prime focus. In the present study to derive
hepatoprotective drug, the herb E. prostrata was grown in the Periyar Maniammai College Campus, Vallam
and 1kg of the plant leaves were collected and shade dried. Dried and powdered maetria l of E. prostrata was
extracted with 80% ethanol. The active principle was isolated and identified by chromatographic technique. The
protective effect of E. prostrata on Carbon tetrachloride induced acute liver damage was also studied with male
wistar albino rats (180-230g). The protective effect was also undergone for histological studies.
Effects of Aqueous and Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Vitex doniana on Lipid Pro...IOSR Journals
The effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Vitex doniana leaves in serum lipid profile and liver enzymes in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats were investigated using standard analytical protocols. A total of 35 albino rats divided into seven groups of five rats each comprising one normal untreated group as animal control, one diabetic untreated group as diabetic control, one normal treated with 750mg/kg body weight as reference group, three diabetic groups treated with 250, 500 and 750mg/kg body weight respectively and one diabetic group treated with 5mg/kg Glibenclamide as standard. The result of acute toxicity test obtained indicated lethal dose (LD50) of greater than 5000mg/kg extract. The results showed that induction of diabetes caused significant (P<0.05)><0.05)><0.05)><0.05) increase in high density lipoprotein in the reference and diabetic groups when compared to normal and diabetic control groups respectively after oral administration of Vitex doniana leaf extracts. It could therefore be concluded that Vitex doniana leaf extract is safe, medicinal and have anti-lipidemia properties and hepato-protective effects.
Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Celosia Argentea in Fema...YogeshIJTSRD
Celosia argentea is a plant of family Amaranthaceae used as traditional medicine for various diseases. The aim of the study is to evaluate the acute toxicity effect of Celosia argentea leaf extract for 14 days in female albino rats. The aqueous extract of Celosia argentea showed no evidence of single dose toxicity 2000 mg kg when studying acute toxicity on biochemical, hematological or histological parameters. The results showed that .C. argentea does not cause toxicity at the doses studied. M. Sridevi | B. Senthilkumar | K. Devi "Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Celosia Argentea in Female Albino Rats" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39811.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/39811/acute-oral-toxicity-study-of-aqueous-leaf-extract-of-celosia-argentea-in-female-albino-rats/m-sridevi
Investigation on Effects of Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Seeds of Datur...semualkaira
This study investigation the effects of methanolic and aqueous
extracts of seeds of Datura metel on liver of Wistar rats. Datura
metel seed is believed to be a medicinal plant widely used in phytomedicine to cure diseases such as asthma, cough, convulsion and
insanity. Various parts of the plant (leaves, seeds, roots and fruits)
are used for different purposes in herbal medicine.
Investigation on Effects of Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Seeds of Datur...semualkaira
This study investigation the effects of methanolic and aqueous
extracts of seeds of Datura metel on liver of Wistar rats. Datura
metel seed is believed to be a medicinal plant widely used in phytomedicine to cure diseases such as asthma, cough, convulsion and
insanity. Various parts of the plant (leaves, seeds, roots and fruits)
are used for different purposes in herbal medicine
Investigation on Effects of Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Seeds of Datur...semualkaira
This study investigation the effects of methanolic and aqueous
extracts of seeds of Datura metel on liver of Wistar rats. Datura
metel seed is believed to be a medicinal plant widely used in phytomedicine to cure diseases such as asthma, cough, convulsion and
insanity. Various parts of the plant (leaves, seeds, roots and fruits)
are used for different purposes in herbal medicine
Investigation on Effects of Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Seeds of Datur...semualkaira
This study investigation the effects of methanolic and aqueous
extracts of seeds of Datura metel on liver of Wistar rats. Datura
metel seed is believed to be a medicinal plant widely used in phytomedicine to cure diseases such as asthma, cough, convulsion and
insanity. Various parts of the plant (leaves, seeds, roots and fruits)
are used for different purposes in herbal medicine. Fifteen male
albino rats were randomly distributed into three groups
Investigation on Effects of Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Seeds of Datur...semualkaira
This study investigation the effects of methanolic and aqueous
extracts of seeds of Datura metel on liver of Wistar rats. Datura
metel seed is believed to be a medicinal plant widely used in phytomedicine to cure diseases such as asthma, cough, convulsion and
insanity. Various parts of the plant
Investigation on Effects of Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Seeds of Datur...semualkaira
This study investigation the effects of methanolic and aqueous
extracts of seeds of Datura metel on liver of Wistar rats. Datura
metel seed is believed to be a medicinal plant widely used in phytomedicine to cure diseases such as asthma, cough, convulsion and
insanity. Various parts of the plant (leaves, seeds, roots and fruits)
are used for different purposes in herbal medicine
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the antidiabetic effects of different extracts of Jatropha curcas leaves in rats with streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes. Rats were treated with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, successive or crude methanolic extracts of J. curcas leaves for 30 days. The extracts were found to improve glucose, liver enzymes, lipids, oxidative stress markers, and pancreatic and liver histopathology in diabetic rats. Three flavonoid glycosides were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract and identified, which may contribute to the antidiabetic effects. The study demonstrates the antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic properties of J. curcas extracts, indicating their potential
This study evaluated the immunostimulatory and antioxidant properties of Phoenix dactylifera, commonly known as dates. Mice were injected with various concentrations of a Phoenix dactylifera extract. Results showed that the extract significantly increased phagocytic activity and reduced the half-life of carbon in the blood, indicating enhanced function of the reticuloendothelial system. The extract also significantly increased levels of the antioxidant glutathione in the liver. The concentration of 50 mg/kg produced the highest effects on phagocytosis and glutathione. Therefore, the study suggests that Phoenix dactylifera has immune-stimulating and antioxidant activities, with 50 mg/kg having the strongest impact.
Curative Effect of Parinari curatellifolia Leaf Extract on EpiglottitisIOSR Journals
The curative effect of Parinari curatellifolia leaf extract on epiglottitis was investigated. The air dried leaf of Parinari curatellifolia was extracted using the soxhlet extractor. Crude extract of the plant was found to be rich in phytochemicals of medicinal importance such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, and cardiac glycosides. Acetic acid extract had the highest antimicrobial activity with zones of inhibition ranging from 20.0 ± 0.6 to 28.3 ± 0.3 against the test organisms. This activity was not significantly (P<0.05) different from leofloxacin with zones of inhibition ranging from 25.0 ± 0.6 to 29.3 ± 0.3 which was the highest activity among the standard drugs used. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract was found to be 5mg/ml against Pseudomonas sp and Staphylococcus aureus, indicating broad spectrum activity. Results were discussed in respect to traditional treatment of epiglottitis.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Cucurbits are edible crops, belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae. They are climbers with reserves in roots and are distributed mainly in tropical zones. They are mostly moist vines and are distributed in both the eastern and western hemispheres. The member of this family are excellent fruit crops having most of the essential nutrients, vitamins and minerals required for the good health of humans. All parts of the Cucurbitaceae plants (leaf, stem, root or tuber, fruit and seeds) are used in the traditional system of medicine. Wide research is going on to search a new active compound and to analyze their medicinal properties. The present review of Cucurbitaceae family deals with the very large amount of updated information of scientific research and report in the field of phytochemistry and pharmacology. In this study, we have documented some of the important plants viz., Mukia maderaspatana, Solena amplexicaulis, Citrullus colocynthis, Citrullus lanatus, Coccinia indica, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Lagenaria siceraria, Luffa acutangula, Trichosanthes cucumerina, Corallocarpus epigaeus, Luffa cylindrica, Momordica charantia, Trichosanthes dioica and Kedrostis foetidissima.
Combination of Angkak (Red Yeast Rice), Red Guava (Psidium guajava Linn) Leaf...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of
70% ethanolic crude extract of Portulaca oleracea L on mice
orgons . (In vivo),In vivo, the acute toxicity of 70 % ethanolic
extract of the plant on normal mice was studied. No toxic effect
was noted on normal mice even at 9500 mg /kg B.W S/C
injection.Histopathological changes due to ethanolic extract of
the plant in healthy mice were summarized in hyperplasia of
white pulp with amyloid deposition, proliferation of
megakaryocytes and mononuclear cell infiltration in the liver and
kidney parenchyma. There were no significant lesions detected in
the brain, heart and ovary in all treated groups.
Medicinal value of plant Juglans regia including its nomenclature, habit and habitat, cultivation and collection, Macro and Microscopic characteristics, phytochemical constituents and its pharmacological action.
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Rheum australe, also known as Himalayan rhubarb, is a plant native to the Himalayan region. The document provides details about the plant's scientific classification, biological source, habitat, cultivation methods, macroscopic and microscopic identification, chemical constituents, pharmacological actions including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects, formulations, traditional medicinal uses, quality standards, toxicity, drug interactions, and precautions.
Medicinal value of plant Bauhinia variegata Linn including its nomenclature, habit and habitat, cultivation and collection, Macro and Microscopic characteristics, phytochemical constituents and its pharmacological action.
Medicinal properties of plant terminalia bellerica(barro) which have
contain different chemical constituent and having differnt biological activity like Analgesic activity,Anti diarrhoeal activity, Antioxidant activity, Antihypertensive effect, Anti salmonella activity, Anti- Spasmodic and, Bronchodilatory properties, Anti-micobial activity, Antimicrobial and Toxicity studies, Wound healing activity
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This document provides information on Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi). It discusses the plant's classification, biological sources, habitat and cultivation. Microscopic and macroscopic characteristics are described. The major chemical constituents like eugenol, carvacrol, and ursolic acid are outlined. Uses in Ayurveda to treat illnesses are mentioned, along with pharmacological actions like antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anticancer, and cardioprotective properties. Methods of cultivation and harvesting are briefly covered. Microscopic structures of leaves and seeds are shown, along with chemical constituents of essential oils and extracts.
Lentinula edodes, commonly known as shiitake, is an edible mushroom native to East Asia that is cultivated for food and medicine. It grows naturally on decaying hardwood logs but is now widely cultivated commercially. Shiitake contains compounds such as lentinan and mannoglucan that have anti-tumor, antiviral, and immunomodulating pharmacological effects and are being researched for potential health benefits. The mushroom is identified by its brown cap that develops from round to flat, white gills on the hymenium, and fibrous stem.
Ganoderma lucidum, commonly known as lingzhi or reishi, is a polypore mushroom with a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine. It contains many active compounds including polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and sterols. These compounds have various pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, and immunomodulatory activities. G. lucidum is cultivated and harvested for use in supplements, teas, and other formulations to promote health and longevity. Potential side effects from prolonged use include dryness and sensitivity. It may interact with medications like anticoagulants, antiplatelets, amphetamines, and hypoglycemic agents.
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The presentation describe about communicable disease(Tuberculosis,Giardiasis, Ascariasis ,AIDS,Typhyoid) and uncommunicable disease(Cancer ,HTN, Coronary artery disease) with its mode of trasmission ,symptoms, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment
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The document provides an overview of human growth hormone (hGH). It discusses that hGH is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and regulates growth and metabolism. The summary describes that hGH promotes growth, protein deposition, fat utilization, and bone/cartilage growth. Regulation involves growth hormone-releasing hormone and growth hormone inhibitory hormone from the hypothalamus. Abnormalities like dwarfism and gigantism can occur from hGH deficiencies or excesses. Recombinant hGH produced in bacteria is used to treat deficiencies and has side effects like diabetes and joint pain.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
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4. Biological source
The biological source is plant.
The active parts are leaves, root bark
and bark.
4
5. Habitat
Siplican is found all over Indian
subcontinent (Nepal, Pakistan,
Bangladesh etc), Africa, Middle East
and South America.
In temperate regions and sub-alpine
zones along streams and rivers and
also found in dry deep boulders in
sub-Himalayas.
Most abundantly found in Kerala,
Madhya,Pradesh,Bengal and Assam.
5
6. Cultivation and collection
Prefers a wet soil of pH 7 with abundant
sunlight.
Cultivated near temples because of its
healing property.
Flowering period:April-May
Fruiting period:June-August
In-vitro regeneration (Plant tissue culture) of
Crataeva nurvala from seedling derived and
adult derived explants have also been
reported.
More or less these plants are grown in
gardens and require adequate fertilizer.
6
7. Macroscopic character
C.nurvala is a moderate sized deciduous
tree.
1. Bark: The mature bark is typically 6-15
cm long and 3-10cm wide with thickness
varying from 5-15mm. The outer surface of
the bark is gray to grayish-brown and
rough, due to the presence of several
small and rounded lenticels.
7
8. 2.Leaves: long-stalked, 5-14 cm long, 1.5-
6cm wide, trifoliate, alternate and the
ventral side clearly marked with veins.
Even edges which is pointed at tips
tapering towards base whereas surfaces
are smooth.
8
9. 3.Fruit: Fruits of siplican are berry,
globes with hard and woody rind with
embedding seeds in the yellow pulp. The
colour of the fruits are yellow with fleshy
pulp. The diameter ranges from 1 to 2
inches.
9
12. Microscopic character
TS of bark :The inner surface of bark is
smooth and whitish-brown to buff
coloured.
Transverse section of mature bark shows
an outer cork composed of thin walled,
rectangular and tangentially elongated
cells, phellogen single layered and thin
walled.
Tangentially elongated cells followed by a
wide secondary cortex consisting of thin
walled, polygonal with a number of starch 12
13. Chemical constituents
Table1:Phytoconstituents of C. nurvala
Buch-Ham
13
Chemical nature of
phytoconstituents
Example Parts of plant
Alkaloids Cadabicine, cadabicine
diacetate,
Stem bark
Saponins Diosgenin Stem bark
Tannin (-)Epiafzelechin, (-)
epiafzelechin-S-O-β-D
glucoside and catechin
Stem bark, root bark
Flavonoids Rutin, quercetin,
isoquercetin
stem bark
Ref-Khattar V, WAL
A(2012)
14. contd.
Chemical nature of
phytoconstituents
Example Parts of plant
Glucosinolates 6-C-glycopyranosyl
luteolin, glucocapparin
Leaves
Phytosterols Spinasterol acetate,
taraxasterol, cetyl alcohol,
fagarasterol
Stem bark, root bark
Triterpene Lupeol and their acetates,,
β-sitosterol, varunol,
betulinic acid
Stem bark, root bark
Ref-Khattar V, WAL
A(2012) 14
15. Structures and activities of some active
compounds from crataeva nurvala
Activity
Responsible for
antihepatotoxicity,
antitumor, antiinflammatory,
chemoprotective agents,
antimicrobial,
antiarthritic,
antihyperglycemic,
antioxidant,
cytotoxic,hypotensive,
antiedemic, and
antiperoxidant
.
Ref- Khattar et al.(2012)
15
16. Activity
Responsible for
antidiabetic,
antioxidant,
atherosclerosis,prostat
e enlargement,
antihypercholesterole
mia,androgenic,antica
ncer,antimutagenic,
antifeedent,antigonado
trophic, and
antiprostatic.
Ref-Khatter et al.(2012) 16
β-sitosterol
20. Pharmacological action
1) Anti inflammatory activity
Lupeol has been extensively studied for its inhibitory
effects on inflammation under in vitro and in animal
models of inflammation.
A comprehensive study showed that topical application
of Lupeol (0.5and 1 mg/ear) alleviated 12-0-
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA)-induced
inflammation in an ear mouse model. This study showed
that topical application of Lupeol decreases
myeloperoxidase levels[neutrophil specific marker] thus
causing reduction in cell infiltration into inflamed tissues
in mice.(Kattar V, Wall A etal.(2012)
20
21. 2) Urolithic property
The study was carried out to observe the
effect of Varuna (Crataeva nurvala) on the
experimental model of urolithiasis (albino
rats).
The study was categorized into two groups:
Group I, treated and Group II, control. In all
albino rats, stone was surgically implanted
into the urinary bladder. Estimation of the
urinary and serum electrolyte done
periodically and x-rays were exposed at a
regular interval. This study suggests the
decoction of Crataeva nurvala is effective in
the management of urolithiasis. (Kattar V,
Wall A etal.(2012)
21
22. 3) Anti-fertility activity
The ethanol and aqueous extracts of the
dried stem bark of the plant Crataeva
nurvala Buch-Hum have been found to
possess significant anti-fertility effects in
rats. Both ethanol and aqueous extracts
exhibited partial and complete resorption of
implants at 300 and 600 mg/kg dose levels,
respectively.In estrogenic activity study, both
the extracts increased uterine weight and
caused opening and cornification of vagina
in immature rats. This work justifies its
effectiveness in preventing pregnancy in all
rats at dose levels. (Kattar V, Wall A 22
23. 4)Analgesic and antidiarrhoeal activity
• The leaves of medicinal plant ‘Crataeva
nurvala Buch Ham’ was extracted in ethanol
to evaluate the peripherally acting analgesic
potential using acetic acid induced writhing
and antidiarrhoeal activity using intestinal
motility test both in mice.
The crude extract showed significant
(P<0.01) analgesic activity at oral doses of
200 and 400mg/kg body weight with an
inhibition of writhing 68.4% and 76.3%
compared to 67% for the positive control.
(Kattar V, Wall A etal.(2012)
23
24. 5)Antidiabetic activity
Crateva nurvala stem bark extracts have
activity against in alloxan induced diabetic
albino rats. A comparison was made between
the action of different extracts of C. nurvala
and a known antidiabetic drug glibenclamide
(600 μg/kg b. wt.).
An oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) was
performed in diabetic rats: C. nurvala
petroleum ether extract (CNPEE) and
ethanolic extract (CNEE) showed significant
(P<0.001) antidiabetic activities. (Kattar V, Wall
A etal.(2012)
24
25. 6)Antiarthritic activity
Lupeol is a naturally occuring triterpene
isolated from Crataeva nurvala stem bark,
and its ester lupeol linoleate was
synthesized.
The effects of lupeol and lupeol linoleate on
the development of complement in adjuvant
arthritis in rats were studied and compared
with those of indomethacin. The effect of
lupeol linoleate in reducing the foot-pad
thickness and complement activity in
arthritic rats was even greater than that of
unesterified lupeol and indomethacin.
25
26. 7)Cardioprotective activity
Cyclophosphamide (CP), an alkylating agent
widely used in cancer chemotherapy, causes
fatal cardiotoxicity.
• Lupeol linoleate were investigated for their
possible cardioprotective effects against CP-
induced toxicity. Male albino rats of Wistar
strain were injected with a single dose of
CP(200 mg/kg body weight, ip).
In CP-administered rats, activities of lactate
dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase
were elevated in serum with a concomitant
decline in their activities in the cardiac
tissue.( Kattar V, Wall A etal.(2012)
26
27. 8)Antinociceptive activity
The antinociceptive effect of crude ethanolic
extracts was evaluated by ‘acetic acid’
analgesic test method in mice. Crude
ethanolic extracts of Crataeva nurvala (250–
500 mg/kg PO)produced dose-dependent,
significant (p < 0.05–0.001) antinociceptive
effect against chemically induced nociceptive
painstimuli in mice.
The results obtained in this study suggest
that the antinociceptive effect of the extracts
of Crataeva nurvala are peripherally and
centrally-mediated. .( Kattar V, Wall A
etal.(2012)
27
28. 9)Antioxidant property
Lupeol, a phytoconstituents after isolated
from the stem bark of the plant increased the
level of antioxidant enzymes like glutathione
peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-
transferase(GST), catalase, glucose 6-
phosphate dehydrogenase
(G6PD).Treatment with lupeol will reduce the
oxalate concentration, exhibit
antiperoxidation activity and proved to be
effective in restoring the antioxidant enzymes
in normal condition. (Saharana S, Jain A
etal(2012)
28
29. Therapeutic uses
1. The paste of bark is used in following
Genitourinary Conditions :
• atonic bladder (lack of normal tone)
• benign prostatic hyperplasia (increase in
volume of a tissue or organ caused by the
formation of and growth of new cells)
bladder tonic
chronic urinary tract infections
hypotonic bladder (reduced tone or tension)
and incontinence and possibly enuresis
(bedwetting)
prevention and treatment of kidney stones
29
30. 2. The paste of leaves or bark is applied in
cervical adenitis, abscess and edematous
wounds, relief of rheumatic joint pain.
3. The pulp of leaves is applied on abdomen in
splenic enlargement.
4. The decoction of leaves given along with
ghee relieves flatulence and abdominal pain.
It also works well as a laxative, cholegogue,
appetizer and vermicide, hence useful in
anorexia, tumors, liver disorders, flatulent
dyspepsia and helminthiasis.
30
31. Ethnomedicinal Uses
The stem, roots and leaves of varuna
have great medicinal value. The plant is
used internally as well as externally.
Externally, the paste or its leaves or skin
of bark is applied in cervical adenitis,
abscess and edematous wounds. The
same paste is salutary in rheumatic joint
for relief of pain.
The pulp of leaves is applied on
abdomen in spleen enlargement, with
great benefit. 31
32. Internally, varuna is used in vast range of
diseases. The decoction of leaves given
along with ghee relieves flatulence and
abdominal pain.
It also works well as a laxative, cholegogue,
appetizer and vermicide, hence useful in
anorexia, tumors, liver disorders, flatulent
dyspepsia and helminthiasis.
The decoction of skin of varuna is given
along with honey in abscesses for the potent
anti inflammatory action.
The leaves cooked as vegetables are also
benevolent in obesity.
32
33. The decoction of bark skin or roots in
beneficial in urinary calculi,dysuria and
cystitis.
The decoction of leaves effectively
alleviates the fever and associated
delirium.
The fresh juice of its leaves is useful as a
bitter tonic.
The bark of C. nurvala is contraceptive
and cytotoxic and is especially useful in
urinary disorders, kidney bladder stones,
fever,vomiting and gastric irritation.
33
34. Pharmacopeial standard
Quality standard
Foreign matter not more than 2%
Total Ash Not more than 13%
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 1%
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 1%
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 8
34
35. Formulation
Ayurvedic preparation
1) Varunadi quath
: Useful in
treatment of urinary
calculi and urinary
tract disorders,
Burning Micturition,
Pylitis, Nephritis,
U.T.I, Prostatitis,
Dysurea,Prostate
enlargement.
September 21, 2016 Pharmaceutical Seminar 1 35
www.google.com
36. 2)Varunadya ghrta
Used in Ayurveda for
reducing phlegm, fat
deposition, metabolic
disorders, rheumatoid
arthritis, migraine
headaches and
inflammatory
conditions.
36
www.google.com
38. References
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Saharana S, Jain A, Suthar
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and Dobhal MP (2016) The Isolation,
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nurvala and Their Chemical Modification,
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181(Assecessed on 20 th july 2018)
Url1:http://www.planetayurveda.com/library/v
aruna-crataeva-nurvala
Url 2:https://www.dabur.com/in/en-
us/about/science-of-ayurveda/herbal-
medicinal-plants/varun-plant
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