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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume 5 Issue 1, November-December 2020 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD38285 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 1 | November-December 2020 Page 1494
Bruhaniya Mahakashaya Described in
Charaka Samhita – A Review Article
Dr. Pranam Suresh Kharche1, Dr. Vandana Singh2, Dr. Sanjeev N Rathod3
1Associate Professor, Department of Dravyaguna,
ASPM Ayurved College Hospital and Research Institute, Buldana Maharashatra, India
2Research Associate–III (ICMR), National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
3Associate Professor, Department of Shalakya Tantra, Vandanatai
Jagannathrao Dhone Gramin Ayurved College, Patur, Maharashtra, India
ABSTRACT
Drug is an important part of chikitsa chatushpada, which has been mentioned
next to the physician in Charak Samhita. Without knowledge of the drug, the
patient can’t be treated properly. Bruhaniya mahakashaya is one of the 50
mahakashaya, which have been mentioned in Charak samhita sutrasthana.
Bruuhan is that which is useful for enlargingthebody,promotesthevolumeas
well as weight of the body. Each mahakashaya contain ten drugs.
Ksirini, Rajksavakak, Ashwagandha, Kakoli, Kshirkakoli, Vatyayani,
Bhdraudani, Bhardwaji, Payasya, Rsyagandha are included in Bruhaniya
mahakashaya. The present paper deals with the review of above ten drugs,
controvercies and mode of action of drug.
KEYWORDS: Bruhan, Bruhaniya mahakashaya
How to cite this paper: Dr. Pranam
Suresh Kharche | Dr. Vandana Singh | Dr.
Sanjeev N Rathod "Bruhaniya
Mahakashaya Described in Charaka
Samhita – A Review
Article" Published in
International Journal
of Trend in Scientific
Research and
Development(ijtsrd),
ISSN: 2456-6470,
Volume-5 | Issue-1,
December 2020, pp.1494-1498, URL:
www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38285.pdf
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INTRODUCTION:
The knowledge about medicinal plants in the early age was
documented systematically and organized scientifically in
Ayurvedic Samhitas, Nighantus and other texts. In which we
can get so many references of medicinal plants. Among all
this Samhitas of Ayurveda Charaka Samhita isa vasttreasure
of knowledge regarding medicinal plants Charaka isthefirst
person who could classify the existing plants, into
pharmacological categories and given 50 mahakashaya.
According to Acharya Charaka it is only a guide line for
Vaidyas but they have full freedom to add any new drug or
remove the non available drugs from this.1 Charaka stressed
to utilize the knowledge and experience in drug
identification resorting to the help of cowherds, hermits,
huntsmen forest dwellers etc. Bruhaniya Mahakasaya isOne
of the fifty mahakashaya given one of them.
This work comprises the detailed description of the drugs
under Bruhaniya Mahakashaya, an effort to rule out the
controversies regarding some of the drugs under this varga
with the help of available literatures, commentary on
Charaka samhita, Nighanus and explain Bramhana karma
and their mode of action in body.
1. KSHIRINI
According to Chakrapani Kshirini comes under the climber
which have milky exudates. If we go though the climbers
described in our nighantu and Samhita we find that Sariva is
most acceptable as kshrini, because Sariva is a climber and
possess milky latex and properties like madhura rasa,
madhura vipaka, guru and snigdha guna. Kshrini2,
Dugdhavalli3, and dugdhagarbha4 are the synonymgivenfor
sariva.
Botanical name - Hemidismus indicus R.Br
Family – Asclepidaceae
Botanical description
ariva associate Indian medicative plant is found within the
land regions up to a height of 1400 m and within the forest
areas of Western Ghats.
The species is distributed throughout the tropical and
subtropical parts of India, especially in upper Gangetic
plains, Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, and South India. It is a
perennial, slender, twining undershrub with woody and
fragrant rootstock. Stems are numerous, slender, wiry, and
laticiferous. Leaves are simple, opposite, variable, elliptic–
oblong to linear–lanceolate, variegated,and whiteabove and
IJTSRD38285
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silvery-white pubescent beneath. Flowers are greenish
purple, crowded in axillary cymes in small compact clusters.
Fruits (follicles) are paired, cylindrical, pointed,andslender.
Seeds are oblong in shape. Flowering is usually sparse and
occurs in October, while fruits mature in January5.
Upyuktanga - Root
Therapeutic uses - Jwara, Agnimandya, Prameha, kasa,
aruchi, Tridoshahar
2. RAJAKSAVAKA
Kaideva nighantu have mentioned Rajaksavaka as a
synonyme of Dugdhika6 and as well chakrpani dutt
commentary on Charaka samhita also accepted rajaksavaka
as Dugdhika. Dugdhika means onewhichhasmilk orlatex. In
Bhavapakash Nighantu Source of Dugdika are Euphorbia
hirta, Chhoti Dudhi (Euphorbia thymifoliaoti Euphorbia
microphylla Heyne7, Euphorbia hypericifolia).Bycomparing
the property of these 4 species Euphorbia microphylla,
Heyne is more appropriate for the Brmhana action, because
in practice it is given as a stanyavardhak drug.
Euphorbia mirophylla B. Heyne
Botanical name - Euphorbia microphylla, Heyne
Family - Euphorbiaceae
Botanical description
Found all over the waste lands in India. Softly hispid
prostrate herbs. Stem puberulous, slender, cylindrical, pale
green but often pink in color when fresh, becoming grayish
green or dark purplish on drying. Stems arewith whitelatex,
spreading on the ground. Leaves are simple, opposite,
elliptic, oblong or ovate. The petiolate, 3-6 mm long, 2-4 mm
wide, mostly green, but often coppery red when fresh,
becoming grayish green or dark purplish on drying. Apex is
obtuse or rounded. Venation is reticulate. Petiole is small,
thin, slender, pale green and often pinkishincolor.Fruits are
ovoid-globose, acutely 3-lobed, almost sessile capsule 1 mm
× 1 mm base truncate, short-hairy. Seeds are conical, log,
ovoid and obtusely quadrangular, up to 1 mm long, acutely
4-angled, reddish brown without caruncle8.
Upyuktanga - whole plant,
Therapeutic uses - Svasa, Krmi, Kustha, Prameha,
Raktapitta, Pravahika, Raktarsa, Palita, Danta-ghuna,Dadru,
Sphota, stana, stanyashaya (swarasa is used)
3. ASWAGANDA
Botanial name - Withania somnifera Dunal.
Family - Solanaceae,
Botanical description
A perennial shrub, found in waste land, widely cultivated in
certain areas of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan, roots
collected in winter, washed and cut into short pieces. An
erect branching undershrub reaching about 5 cm in height
usually clothed with minutely stellate tomentum leaves
ovate up to cm long, flower greenish or lurid yellow in
axillary fascicles, fruit globose berries which are orange
coloured when mature enclosed in a persistent calyx. The
fleshy roots when dry are cylindrical gradually tapering
down with a brownish white surface and pure white inside
when broken9.
Upyuktanga - Dried mature roots
Therapeutic uses - Sotha, Kshaya, Daurbalya, Vataroga,
Klaibya, Excessive emaciation, balasosa, Insomnia.
4. KAKOLI
Botanial name - Lilium polyphyllum D.Don
Family Liliaceae
Botanical description
Distribuion – A plant found growing in Western temperate
Himalayas from 1800-3600 mfrom KumaontoKashmir. The
bulb of L. polyphyllum is morphologically an underground
stem with fleshy conical, translucent scale-leaves and roots
attached with basal plate. L. polyphyllum is a perennial
bulbous herb grows up to 1m in heightandpossesseshollow
stem. leaves in whorls, many nerved narrowly lanceolate or
linear, margins papillose, flowers 4-10, pendulous fragrant
dull yellowish or greenish out side, white within speckled
with long purple streaks in racems raised on the naked top
of the stem parlanth recurved when fully expanded fruit a
capsule10.
Upyuktanga -- Dried tuberous root
Therapeutic uses – Kshaya, Raktapitta, sosha, Jvara, Svasa,
Kasa, Daha.
5. KSÌRAKAKOLÌ
Botanial name - Fritillaria roylei Hook.
Family - Liliaceae
Botanical description
A glabrous herb 6-24 m in height, found in Western
temperate Himalayas from Kumaon to Kashmir.The leaves
are opposite or whorled, linear-lanceolate, flowers are
solitary and yellowish-green to brownish-purple. Flowers
are bell shaped, hanging looking down, borne singly on the
stem but sometimes in a group of two or more. Petals are
narrow ovate 4-5 cm long11.
Upyuktanga - Dried whole bulb
Therapeutic uses - sosa,Daha,Hrdroga,Jvara,Kasa,Kshaya,
Raktadosa, Raktapitta, Raktaroga, sávasa, Vaatarakta, Yoni
Vyapad, Vatavyadhi, Vatapittaruja
Both kakoli and Kshirkakoli are endangered Himalayan
species. These are important constituent of Astavarga,
Chyavanprasha andotherayurvedicformulations.According
to Bhavaprakasha nighantu Ashwagandha is used for the
Substitue for both the drugs12
6. VATYAYANI -BALA (ROOT)
Botanial name – Sida cordifolia Linn
Family-Malvaceae
Botanical description
Distribution - Found throughout the Warmer parts of India
as a weed of waste land. A small downy erect herb up to 1.5
cm in height, with long branches, sometimes rooting at
nodes. Tap root long thick YellowishBrownincolour.Leaves
cordate, oblong ovate or ovate oblong, petiole as long as the
blade. Flowers yellow or white. Fruit a depressed globose
schizocarp type. Seeds are Smooth grey13.
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Upyuktanga -Moola
Therapeutic uses - Vatavyadhi,Kshaya,Krushata,Prameha,
Hrddaurbaya
7. BHADRAUDANI
The exact source of this drug is not known. In some book
Bhadrodani is given synonyms of Bala (Sida cordifolia) 14
8. BHARDWAJI (VANAKARPASA)
Vanakarpasi is kwown as Bhardwaji since its name is given
by Rishi Bhardwaja15
Botanial name- Thespesia lampas
Family - Malvaceae
Botanical description
Common throught in india. It is an erect slightly branched
shrub 2-3 m in height. The leaves are alternate, simple,
ovate, 10-20 cm long somewhat 3-lobed or nearly entire,
green and nearly smooth on the upper surface, somewhat
hairy beneath. The flower is regular, bisexual, hypogynus.
Calyx- sepals 5, corolla petals 5, yellow with dark purple
center. The capsules are ovoid and about 3 cm long with 4-5
valves16.
Upyuktanga – Mula, fruits
Therapeutic uses - Daha, Srama, Bhranti, Murccha,
Stanyaksya.
9. PAYASYA (VIDARÌKANDA)
Botanial name- Pueraria tuberosa DC.
Family Fabaceae
Botanical description
Distributed all over India. It is a large,perennial climber with
tuberous roots, upto 60 cm long and 30 cm thick, even
weighing upto35 kg, from about 5 or 10 kg. Leaves 3 foliate
leaflets broadly ovate or rhomboid subcoriaceous
glabrescent above and silkybeneath.Flower blueorpurplish
blue in colour. The fruit pods are linear, about2–5 cm(0.79–
1.97 in) long and constricted densely between the seeds.
They have silky, bristly reddish-brown hair.Seedsvaryfrom
3 to 6 in number17.
Upyuktanga - Tuberous root
Therapeutic uses – Sula, Daha, Kasa,Kshaya,Mutrakrcchra,
Raktadosa, Raktapitta, Visamajvara, Visarpa, sukraksaya
10. VRSYAGANDHA (VRIDHADARU)
According to bhavaprakasha nighantu Vrsyagandha is the
synonyms given for vrudhadaru18 andchakrapaniconfirmed
it as Shatavari. But according to synonym and botanical
description here Vrsyagandha taken as a Vrudhadaru19.
Botanial name- Argyreia speciosa Roxb
Family- Convolvulaceae
Botanical description
It is woody climber found throughout India, uptoanaltitude
of 300 m. Common in Assam, West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and
South India. The rootsof Argyreiaspeciosa arevaryingin size
as well as in thickness. The thin roots are usually 2-4 mm in
diameter and show somewhat smooth brownish exterior.
The stem is white and tomentose in young stages. The older
stem (25 mm) is so thick that it shows vertical ridges and
numerous lenticels, which are mostly transversely
elongated. The lower surface of the leaf is entirely covered
with hair, which gives the leaf a silvery soft wooly
appearance. The upper surface of the leaf is green, glabrous
and shows the markings of nerves by slightdepressions. The
margin is entire but slightly wavy near the base. Lateral
nerves 14-20 pairs arise alternatively on the midrib; the
single nerves bifurcate beforereachingthe edge;theanterior
branch unites with the posterior one of the neighboring
nerve; an arched nervule connecting the two branchesreach
the margin. Petioles stout and cylindric, a little shorter than
the length of the blade are completely covered with wooly
tomentum. The seeds are more or less triangular
Upyuktanga - Roots
Therapeutic uses – Rasayana, vrsya, balya Amavata, Arsas,
Sotha, Prameha Agnimandya
KARMA
The word karma is a very comprehensive term denoting all
the actions for the maintenance and promotion of health as
well as prevention and eradication of all diseases. It denotes
Pharmacodynamics of a drug. Bruhana property belong to
the bruhaniya mahakashaya.
BRIMHANA KARMA
It is an important upakram in shadupakrama &
Dwividopakrama and a important treatment modalities for
many diseases. The nirukti of bruhana karma is to More
increase, Purposeful increase, to make body stout.20
Anything which increase the size of body or whatever adds
to the corpulence of the body is bruhana or nourishing
therapy21. Bruhaniya is that which is useful for enlargingthe
body, promotes the volume as well as weight of the body.
(Gangadhara). Guru, Sita, Mrudu, Bahal, Sthula, Picchila,
Manda, are the properties of bruhana dravya.22 Thisbruhana
guna also similar to the Ojas guna.23 Ojas is the Sara of all the
Dhatus. Therefore we can state that bruhana dravya
nourishes all the Dhatus. The panchabhautik composition of
Bruhan dravya is Pruthvi ans Aap mahabuta.24 Bruhana is
samana for vata and vatapitta combination.25 Person
requiring this therapy are Krusha, Kshina due to vyadhi,
excess intake of madya, who indulge in liftingheavyweights,
garbhini, bala, vrudha etc. such person need this therapy all
the more during summer26. Brumhana of body increase in
size & weight of Body By increasing Carbohydrates, Protein
& Fat content in our body.
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ANALYSIS OF BRMHANA DRAVYAS THROUGH RASAPANCHAKA
DRAVYA RASA GUNA VIRYA VIPAKA KARMA
Kshirini( Sariva)27 Madhura Guru, snigdha Shita Madhura Dipana
RAJAKSAVAKA28
(Dugdhika)
Madhura, Lavana,
Katu, Tikta
Guru, Ruksa,
tiksna
Ushna Katu
Vrsya Dhatuvrddhikara,
stnyavardhak
ASHWAGANDHA29 Tikta, kashaya Laghu ushna Madhura Rasayana, Balya, Vajikaran
KAKOLI30 Madhura Guru Shita Madhura Brmhana, Sukrala
KSIRAKAKOLI30 Madhura Guru, Snigdha Shita Madhura
Rasayana, , Vrsya, Brmhana,
Stanyajanna sukravardhaka
VATYAYANI3
(Bala)31
Madhura
Guru, Snigdha,
Picchila.
Shita Madhur
Vrsya, Balya, Rasayana,
sukrala,
BHADRAUDANI
(Bala)31 Madhura
Guru, Snigdha,
Picchila
Shita Madhura
Vrsya, Balya, Rasayana,
sukrala
BHARADWAJI
(Vanakarpasa)15
Madhura Guru, Snigdha Shita Madhura
Vriya, Stanyajanana,
Kaphakara
PAYASYA
(Vidarìkanda)32
Madhura Guru, Snigdha Shita Madhura
Balya, Brmhana, Vrsya,
Stanyadu, Rasayani, Jivaniya
RYSYAGANDHA
(Vruddhdaru)33
Katu, Tiktha,
Kasaya, Madhura
Sara, Laghu,
Snigdha
Usna
Katu,
Madhura
Rasayana, Vrishya, Balya,
Agnivardhanam
DISCUSSION
From the above table it is clear that almost all the drugs
mentioned in the Brmhaniya mahakashaya have Madhura
rasa, Guru, Snigdha guna, Seeta Virya and Madhura vipaka
Except- Dugdhika, Ashwagandha, Vruddhdaru Considering
each one in detail
Functions of Madhura rasa34 – Madhura rasa is rasadi
sapta dhatu vardhaka, ojovardhaka, nourshing the sence
organs, Balakara, Bruhana, Sthariyakara andstnyavardhaka.
Panchbhautic composition of madhura rasa is Prithvi and
jala
Function of Seetha Virya35 – It is Prahladana, Sthirikaran,
jeevan, balya, prasadana, stambhana and kledana.
Panhbhautic composition of Shita virya is Jala mahabhuta
predomonance
Function of Madhura vipaka36 – On dhatu it acts as a
shukral, on Dosha it acts as Vathapittahara, kaphavardhana.
Panhbhautic composition of Madhura vipaka Prithvi –jala
predomonance
Function of Guru-snigdha Pichchila guna 37 –
Guru – Guru guna is bruhana, balakrit, pustikrit, vrushya,
kaphavardhaka. Panchbhautic composition of guru guna is
Prithvi jala predomonance
Snigdha – Snigdha guna is balya, snehana, mardava vrushya
and kaphavardhaka. Panchbhautic composition of snigdha
guna is jala predomonance
Picchila guna – Picchila guna is Jeevaniya, Balya, guru, and
kaphavardhaka. Panchbhautic composition of picchila guna
is jala predomonance Properties of drugs according to
bhautic composition. Parthiva dravyas - Upchaya
(Development), sanghata (compactness), guruta (
heaviness), sthirta (firmness) Apya dravyas - Sneha (
unction), mardav ( softening) . From these details we got a
conclusion showing how these drugs under brmhana
Mahakashaya showing brmhana action.
PROBABLE MODE OF ACTION OF BRIMHANA DRAVYA'S
Probably mode of action of Brimhana Dravya's can be
accessed on the ground of its Gunapanchaka. It is found that
majority ofingredientshave predominanceofMadhura Rasa,
Shita Virya, Madhura Vipaka, Guru snigdha guna and
Vatapitta Shamaka, these all properties nouries all Dhatus
and enhancement of Dhatu-poshaka Tatwa, results in
correction and promotion of the Dhatus causing Brimhana
effect.
Probable Mode of action Dugdhika, Ashwagandha,
Vruddhdaru-
Agnimandya, productionof Ama,Srotorodha,andvitiationof
Vata Dosha are the major events in the pathogenesis of
Dhatu Kshaya. Drugs having pharmacodynamics i.e. Tikta-
Katu Rasa, Ruksha-Laghu Guna, Ushna-Virya, Katu Vipaka
and Kapha-vatahara properties which all are useful in
breaking of etiopathogenesis of Kshaya. Tikta, Katu Rasa,
Ushna Virya and Snigdha Guna (from other 7 drugs) that
might have helped in normalizing the Agni, the movement of
vitiated Vata Dosha.
Sara guna due to the anulomana nature attained by the
laxative action, it helps to alleviate apanavayu which further
normalizes vata. This in turn helps in the homeostasis of the
three humours of the body, which regularize the digestive
fire leading to a proper metabolism.
UshnaVirya, Laghu Ruksha, Tiksna guna- helps to alleviate
srotopalepa and with the help of sara guna the action of the
drug becomes more rapid and easier
CONCLUSION
Brimhana Dravya predominantly comprises of Parthiva
and Apya Bhavas.
Vatapita hara properties.
Brimhana means proportionate body composition
mainly through Kapha, Mamsa and Meda that leads to
proper development and enhancementofdifferentbody
part.
Probably mode of action of Brimhana Dravya's can be
accessed on the ground of its Gunapanchaka. It is found
that majority of ingredients havepredominanceofGuru,
Snigdha, Shita and Manda Guna, Madhura Rasa and
Madhura Vipaka causing Brimhana effect.
Apart from this with some drugs in brmhaniya
dashaimani are Tikta kasaya rasa, Laghu, Tiksna guna,
UshnaVirya, kau vipaka help in regularize the Agni
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leading to a proper metabolism and alleviate
srotopalepa. During the treatment of Karshya one
should be cautious that Brimhana Dravya's used insuch
instances should be LaghuSantarpana innaturebecause
already in an emaciated person Sharirbala andAgnibala
are reduced. So over all action – brmhana. Some act by –
Clearing the sotas and Correcting agnibala. Others
nourishes all dhatus.
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Chaukhamba orientalia Varanasi, First edition 2005,
Page- 326
[27] Bhavprakasha Nighantu (Indian material medica)Dr.
K. C. Chunekar Dr. G. S. Pandey. Chaukhamba Bharti
Academy, Varanasi, 2006 page No. 426
[28] Bhavprakasha Nighantu (Indian material medica)Dr.
K. C. Chunekar Dr. G. S. Pandey. Chaukhamba Bharti
Academy, Varanasi, 2006 page No. 459
[29] Bhavprakasha Nighantu (Indian material medica)Dr.
K. C. Chunekar Dr. G. S. Pandey. Chaukhamba Bharti
Academy, Varanasi, 2006 page No. 393
[30] Bhavprakasha Nighantu (Indian material medica)Dr.
K. C. Chunekar Dr. G. S. Pandey. Chaukhamba Bharti
Academy, Varanasi, 2006 page No. 62
[31] Bhavprakasha Nighantu (Indian material medica)Dr.
K. C. Chunekar Dr. G. S. Pandey. Chaukhamba Bharti
Academy, Varanasi, 2006 page No. 366
[32] Bhavprakasha Nighantu (Indian material medica)Dr.
K. C. Chunekar Dr. G. S. Pandey. Chaukhamba Bharti
Academy, Varanasi, 2006 page No. 387
[33] Bhavprakasha Nighantu (Indian material medica)Dr.
K. C. Chunekar Dr. G. S. Pandey. Chaukhamba Bharti
Academy, Varanasi, 2006 page No 408
[34] Astangahrdaya, Hari sadasiva sastri Parakara,
Bhisagacarya. Chaukhamba surbhartiPrakashana
2007 page No 175
[35] Astangahrdaya, Hari sadasiva sastri Parakara,
Bhisagacarya. Chaukhamba surbhartiPrakashana
2007 page No 169
[36] Carak samhita by Vd. Harish handra singh Kushwaha,
Chaukhamba orientalia Varanasi, First edition 2005,
Page- 392
[37] Susruta Samhita Vol-1 by Dr. Anant ram Sharma,
Chaukhamba SurbhartiPrakashana, Varanasi 2004
Page- 449

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Bruhaniya Mahakashaya Described in Charaka Samhita – A Review Article

  • 1. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) Volume 5 Issue 1, November-December 2020 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD38285 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 1 | November-December 2020 Page 1494 Bruhaniya Mahakashaya Described in Charaka Samhita – A Review Article Dr. Pranam Suresh Kharche1, Dr. Vandana Singh2, Dr. Sanjeev N Rathod3 1Associate Professor, Department of Dravyaguna, ASPM Ayurved College Hospital and Research Institute, Buldana Maharashatra, India 2Research Associate–III (ICMR), National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India 3Associate Professor, Department of Shalakya Tantra, Vandanatai Jagannathrao Dhone Gramin Ayurved College, Patur, Maharashtra, India ABSTRACT Drug is an important part of chikitsa chatushpada, which has been mentioned next to the physician in Charak Samhita. Without knowledge of the drug, the patient can’t be treated properly. Bruhaniya mahakashaya is one of the 50 mahakashaya, which have been mentioned in Charak samhita sutrasthana. Bruuhan is that which is useful for enlargingthebody,promotesthevolumeas well as weight of the body. Each mahakashaya contain ten drugs. Ksirini, Rajksavakak, Ashwagandha, Kakoli, Kshirkakoli, Vatyayani, Bhdraudani, Bhardwaji, Payasya, Rsyagandha are included in Bruhaniya mahakashaya. The present paper deals with the review of above ten drugs, controvercies and mode of action of drug. KEYWORDS: Bruhan, Bruhaniya mahakashaya How to cite this paper: Dr. Pranam Suresh Kharche | Dr. Vandana Singh | Dr. Sanjeev N Rathod "Bruhaniya Mahakashaya Described in Charaka Samhita – A Review Article" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development(ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1, December 2020, pp.1494-1498, URL: www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38285.pdf Copyright © 2020 by author (s) and International Journal ofTrendinScientific Research and Development Journal. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative CommonsAttribution License (CC BY 4.0) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) INTRODUCTION: The knowledge about medicinal plants in the early age was documented systematically and organized scientifically in Ayurvedic Samhitas, Nighantus and other texts. In which we can get so many references of medicinal plants. Among all this Samhitas of Ayurveda Charaka Samhita isa vasttreasure of knowledge regarding medicinal plants Charaka isthefirst person who could classify the existing plants, into pharmacological categories and given 50 mahakashaya. According to Acharya Charaka it is only a guide line for Vaidyas but they have full freedom to add any new drug or remove the non available drugs from this.1 Charaka stressed to utilize the knowledge and experience in drug identification resorting to the help of cowherds, hermits, huntsmen forest dwellers etc. Bruhaniya Mahakasaya isOne of the fifty mahakashaya given one of them. This work comprises the detailed description of the drugs under Bruhaniya Mahakashaya, an effort to rule out the controversies regarding some of the drugs under this varga with the help of available literatures, commentary on Charaka samhita, Nighanus and explain Bramhana karma and their mode of action in body. 1. KSHIRINI According to Chakrapani Kshirini comes under the climber which have milky exudates. If we go though the climbers described in our nighantu and Samhita we find that Sariva is most acceptable as kshrini, because Sariva is a climber and possess milky latex and properties like madhura rasa, madhura vipaka, guru and snigdha guna. Kshrini2, Dugdhavalli3, and dugdhagarbha4 are the synonymgivenfor sariva. Botanical name - Hemidismus indicus R.Br Family – Asclepidaceae Botanical description ariva associate Indian medicative plant is found within the land regions up to a height of 1400 m and within the forest areas of Western Ghats. The species is distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical parts of India, especially in upper Gangetic plains, Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, and South India. It is a perennial, slender, twining undershrub with woody and fragrant rootstock. Stems are numerous, slender, wiry, and laticiferous. Leaves are simple, opposite, variable, elliptic– oblong to linear–lanceolate, variegated,and whiteabove and IJTSRD38285
  • 2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD38285 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 1 | November-December 2020 Page 1495 silvery-white pubescent beneath. Flowers are greenish purple, crowded in axillary cymes in small compact clusters. Fruits (follicles) are paired, cylindrical, pointed,andslender. Seeds are oblong in shape. Flowering is usually sparse and occurs in October, while fruits mature in January5. Upyuktanga - Root Therapeutic uses - Jwara, Agnimandya, Prameha, kasa, aruchi, Tridoshahar 2. RAJAKSAVAKA Kaideva nighantu have mentioned Rajaksavaka as a synonyme of Dugdhika6 and as well chakrpani dutt commentary on Charaka samhita also accepted rajaksavaka as Dugdhika. Dugdhika means onewhichhasmilk orlatex. In Bhavapakash Nighantu Source of Dugdika are Euphorbia hirta, Chhoti Dudhi (Euphorbia thymifoliaoti Euphorbia microphylla Heyne7, Euphorbia hypericifolia).Bycomparing the property of these 4 species Euphorbia microphylla, Heyne is more appropriate for the Brmhana action, because in practice it is given as a stanyavardhak drug. Euphorbia mirophylla B. Heyne Botanical name - Euphorbia microphylla, Heyne Family - Euphorbiaceae Botanical description Found all over the waste lands in India. Softly hispid prostrate herbs. Stem puberulous, slender, cylindrical, pale green but often pink in color when fresh, becoming grayish green or dark purplish on drying. Stems arewith whitelatex, spreading on the ground. Leaves are simple, opposite, elliptic, oblong or ovate. The petiolate, 3-6 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, mostly green, but often coppery red when fresh, becoming grayish green or dark purplish on drying. Apex is obtuse or rounded. Venation is reticulate. Petiole is small, thin, slender, pale green and often pinkishincolor.Fruits are ovoid-globose, acutely 3-lobed, almost sessile capsule 1 mm × 1 mm base truncate, short-hairy. Seeds are conical, log, ovoid and obtusely quadrangular, up to 1 mm long, acutely 4-angled, reddish brown without caruncle8. Upyuktanga - whole plant, Therapeutic uses - Svasa, Krmi, Kustha, Prameha, Raktapitta, Pravahika, Raktarsa, Palita, Danta-ghuna,Dadru, Sphota, stana, stanyashaya (swarasa is used) 3. ASWAGANDA Botanial name - Withania somnifera Dunal. Family - Solanaceae, Botanical description A perennial shrub, found in waste land, widely cultivated in certain areas of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan, roots collected in winter, washed and cut into short pieces. An erect branching undershrub reaching about 5 cm in height usually clothed with minutely stellate tomentum leaves ovate up to cm long, flower greenish or lurid yellow in axillary fascicles, fruit globose berries which are orange coloured when mature enclosed in a persistent calyx. The fleshy roots when dry are cylindrical gradually tapering down with a brownish white surface and pure white inside when broken9. Upyuktanga - Dried mature roots Therapeutic uses - Sotha, Kshaya, Daurbalya, Vataroga, Klaibya, Excessive emaciation, balasosa, Insomnia. 4. KAKOLI Botanial name - Lilium polyphyllum D.Don Family Liliaceae Botanical description Distribuion – A plant found growing in Western temperate Himalayas from 1800-3600 mfrom KumaontoKashmir. The bulb of L. polyphyllum is morphologically an underground stem with fleshy conical, translucent scale-leaves and roots attached with basal plate. L. polyphyllum is a perennial bulbous herb grows up to 1m in heightandpossesseshollow stem. leaves in whorls, many nerved narrowly lanceolate or linear, margins papillose, flowers 4-10, pendulous fragrant dull yellowish or greenish out side, white within speckled with long purple streaks in racems raised on the naked top of the stem parlanth recurved when fully expanded fruit a capsule10. Upyuktanga -- Dried tuberous root Therapeutic uses – Kshaya, Raktapitta, sosha, Jvara, Svasa, Kasa, Daha. 5. KSÌRAKAKOLÌ Botanial name - Fritillaria roylei Hook. Family - Liliaceae Botanical description A glabrous herb 6-24 m in height, found in Western temperate Himalayas from Kumaon to Kashmir.The leaves are opposite or whorled, linear-lanceolate, flowers are solitary and yellowish-green to brownish-purple. Flowers are bell shaped, hanging looking down, borne singly on the stem but sometimes in a group of two or more. Petals are narrow ovate 4-5 cm long11. Upyuktanga - Dried whole bulb Therapeutic uses - sosa,Daha,Hrdroga,Jvara,Kasa,Kshaya, Raktadosa, Raktapitta, Raktaroga, sávasa, Vaatarakta, Yoni Vyapad, Vatavyadhi, Vatapittaruja Both kakoli and Kshirkakoli are endangered Himalayan species. These are important constituent of Astavarga, Chyavanprasha andotherayurvedicformulations.According to Bhavaprakasha nighantu Ashwagandha is used for the Substitue for both the drugs12 6. VATYAYANI -BALA (ROOT) Botanial name – Sida cordifolia Linn Family-Malvaceae Botanical description Distribution - Found throughout the Warmer parts of India as a weed of waste land. A small downy erect herb up to 1.5 cm in height, with long branches, sometimes rooting at nodes. Tap root long thick YellowishBrownincolour.Leaves cordate, oblong ovate or ovate oblong, petiole as long as the blade. Flowers yellow or white. Fruit a depressed globose schizocarp type. Seeds are Smooth grey13.
  • 3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD38285 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 1 | November-December 2020 Page 1496 Upyuktanga -Moola Therapeutic uses - Vatavyadhi,Kshaya,Krushata,Prameha, Hrddaurbaya 7. BHADRAUDANI The exact source of this drug is not known. In some book Bhadrodani is given synonyms of Bala (Sida cordifolia) 14 8. BHARDWAJI (VANAKARPASA) Vanakarpasi is kwown as Bhardwaji since its name is given by Rishi Bhardwaja15 Botanial name- Thespesia lampas Family - Malvaceae Botanical description Common throught in india. It is an erect slightly branched shrub 2-3 m in height. The leaves are alternate, simple, ovate, 10-20 cm long somewhat 3-lobed or nearly entire, green and nearly smooth on the upper surface, somewhat hairy beneath. The flower is regular, bisexual, hypogynus. Calyx- sepals 5, corolla petals 5, yellow with dark purple center. The capsules are ovoid and about 3 cm long with 4-5 valves16. Upyuktanga – Mula, fruits Therapeutic uses - Daha, Srama, Bhranti, Murccha, Stanyaksya. 9. PAYASYA (VIDARÌKANDA) Botanial name- Pueraria tuberosa DC. Family Fabaceae Botanical description Distributed all over India. It is a large,perennial climber with tuberous roots, upto 60 cm long and 30 cm thick, even weighing upto35 kg, from about 5 or 10 kg. Leaves 3 foliate leaflets broadly ovate or rhomboid subcoriaceous glabrescent above and silkybeneath.Flower blueorpurplish blue in colour. The fruit pods are linear, about2–5 cm(0.79– 1.97 in) long and constricted densely between the seeds. They have silky, bristly reddish-brown hair.Seedsvaryfrom 3 to 6 in number17. Upyuktanga - Tuberous root Therapeutic uses – Sula, Daha, Kasa,Kshaya,Mutrakrcchra, Raktadosa, Raktapitta, Visamajvara, Visarpa, sukraksaya 10. VRSYAGANDHA (VRIDHADARU) According to bhavaprakasha nighantu Vrsyagandha is the synonyms given for vrudhadaru18 andchakrapaniconfirmed it as Shatavari. But according to synonym and botanical description here Vrsyagandha taken as a Vrudhadaru19. Botanial name- Argyreia speciosa Roxb Family- Convolvulaceae Botanical description It is woody climber found throughout India, uptoanaltitude of 300 m. Common in Assam, West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and South India. The rootsof Argyreiaspeciosa arevaryingin size as well as in thickness. The thin roots are usually 2-4 mm in diameter and show somewhat smooth brownish exterior. The stem is white and tomentose in young stages. The older stem (25 mm) is so thick that it shows vertical ridges and numerous lenticels, which are mostly transversely elongated. The lower surface of the leaf is entirely covered with hair, which gives the leaf a silvery soft wooly appearance. The upper surface of the leaf is green, glabrous and shows the markings of nerves by slightdepressions. The margin is entire but slightly wavy near the base. Lateral nerves 14-20 pairs arise alternatively on the midrib; the single nerves bifurcate beforereachingthe edge;theanterior branch unites with the posterior one of the neighboring nerve; an arched nervule connecting the two branchesreach the margin. Petioles stout and cylindric, a little shorter than the length of the blade are completely covered with wooly tomentum. The seeds are more or less triangular Upyuktanga - Roots Therapeutic uses – Rasayana, vrsya, balya Amavata, Arsas, Sotha, Prameha Agnimandya KARMA The word karma is a very comprehensive term denoting all the actions for the maintenance and promotion of health as well as prevention and eradication of all diseases. It denotes Pharmacodynamics of a drug. Bruhana property belong to the bruhaniya mahakashaya. BRIMHANA KARMA It is an important upakram in shadupakrama & Dwividopakrama and a important treatment modalities for many diseases. The nirukti of bruhana karma is to More increase, Purposeful increase, to make body stout.20 Anything which increase the size of body or whatever adds to the corpulence of the body is bruhana or nourishing therapy21. Bruhaniya is that which is useful for enlargingthe body, promotes the volume as well as weight of the body. (Gangadhara). Guru, Sita, Mrudu, Bahal, Sthula, Picchila, Manda, are the properties of bruhana dravya.22 Thisbruhana guna also similar to the Ojas guna.23 Ojas is the Sara of all the Dhatus. Therefore we can state that bruhana dravya nourishes all the Dhatus. The panchabhautik composition of Bruhan dravya is Pruthvi ans Aap mahabuta.24 Bruhana is samana for vata and vatapitta combination.25 Person requiring this therapy are Krusha, Kshina due to vyadhi, excess intake of madya, who indulge in liftingheavyweights, garbhini, bala, vrudha etc. such person need this therapy all the more during summer26. Brumhana of body increase in size & weight of Body By increasing Carbohydrates, Protein & Fat content in our body.
  • 4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD38285 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 1 | November-December 2020 Page 1497 ANALYSIS OF BRMHANA DRAVYAS THROUGH RASAPANCHAKA DRAVYA RASA GUNA VIRYA VIPAKA KARMA Kshirini( Sariva)27 Madhura Guru, snigdha Shita Madhura Dipana RAJAKSAVAKA28 (Dugdhika) Madhura, Lavana, Katu, Tikta Guru, Ruksa, tiksna Ushna Katu Vrsya Dhatuvrddhikara, stnyavardhak ASHWAGANDHA29 Tikta, kashaya Laghu ushna Madhura Rasayana, Balya, Vajikaran KAKOLI30 Madhura Guru Shita Madhura Brmhana, Sukrala KSIRAKAKOLI30 Madhura Guru, Snigdha Shita Madhura Rasayana, , Vrsya, Brmhana, Stanyajanna sukravardhaka VATYAYANI3 (Bala)31 Madhura Guru, Snigdha, Picchila. Shita Madhur Vrsya, Balya, Rasayana, sukrala, BHADRAUDANI (Bala)31 Madhura Guru, Snigdha, Picchila Shita Madhura Vrsya, Balya, Rasayana, sukrala BHARADWAJI (Vanakarpasa)15 Madhura Guru, Snigdha Shita Madhura Vriya, Stanyajanana, Kaphakara PAYASYA (Vidarìkanda)32 Madhura Guru, Snigdha Shita Madhura Balya, Brmhana, Vrsya, Stanyadu, Rasayani, Jivaniya RYSYAGANDHA (Vruddhdaru)33 Katu, Tiktha, Kasaya, Madhura Sara, Laghu, Snigdha Usna Katu, Madhura Rasayana, Vrishya, Balya, Agnivardhanam DISCUSSION From the above table it is clear that almost all the drugs mentioned in the Brmhaniya mahakashaya have Madhura rasa, Guru, Snigdha guna, Seeta Virya and Madhura vipaka Except- Dugdhika, Ashwagandha, Vruddhdaru Considering each one in detail Functions of Madhura rasa34 – Madhura rasa is rasadi sapta dhatu vardhaka, ojovardhaka, nourshing the sence organs, Balakara, Bruhana, Sthariyakara andstnyavardhaka. Panchbhautic composition of madhura rasa is Prithvi and jala Function of Seetha Virya35 – It is Prahladana, Sthirikaran, jeevan, balya, prasadana, stambhana and kledana. Panhbhautic composition of Shita virya is Jala mahabhuta predomonance Function of Madhura vipaka36 – On dhatu it acts as a shukral, on Dosha it acts as Vathapittahara, kaphavardhana. Panhbhautic composition of Madhura vipaka Prithvi –jala predomonance Function of Guru-snigdha Pichchila guna 37 – Guru – Guru guna is bruhana, balakrit, pustikrit, vrushya, kaphavardhaka. Panchbhautic composition of guru guna is Prithvi jala predomonance Snigdha – Snigdha guna is balya, snehana, mardava vrushya and kaphavardhaka. Panchbhautic composition of snigdha guna is jala predomonance Picchila guna – Picchila guna is Jeevaniya, Balya, guru, and kaphavardhaka. Panchbhautic composition of picchila guna is jala predomonance Properties of drugs according to bhautic composition. Parthiva dravyas - Upchaya (Development), sanghata (compactness), guruta ( heaviness), sthirta (firmness) Apya dravyas - Sneha ( unction), mardav ( softening) . From these details we got a conclusion showing how these drugs under brmhana Mahakashaya showing brmhana action. PROBABLE MODE OF ACTION OF BRIMHANA DRAVYA'S Probably mode of action of Brimhana Dravya's can be accessed on the ground of its Gunapanchaka. It is found that majority ofingredientshave predominanceofMadhura Rasa, Shita Virya, Madhura Vipaka, Guru snigdha guna and Vatapitta Shamaka, these all properties nouries all Dhatus and enhancement of Dhatu-poshaka Tatwa, results in correction and promotion of the Dhatus causing Brimhana effect. Probable Mode of action Dugdhika, Ashwagandha, Vruddhdaru- Agnimandya, productionof Ama,Srotorodha,andvitiationof Vata Dosha are the major events in the pathogenesis of Dhatu Kshaya. Drugs having pharmacodynamics i.e. Tikta- Katu Rasa, Ruksha-Laghu Guna, Ushna-Virya, Katu Vipaka and Kapha-vatahara properties which all are useful in breaking of etiopathogenesis of Kshaya. Tikta, Katu Rasa, Ushna Virya and Snigdha Guna (from other 7 drugs) that might have helped in normalizing the Agni, the movement of vitiated Vata Dosha. Sara guna due to the anulomana nature attained by the laxative action, it helps to alleviate apanavayu which further normalizes vata. This in turn helps in the homeostasis of the three humours of the body, which regularize the digestive fire leading to a proper metabolism. UshnaVirya, Laghu Ruksha, Tiksna guna- helps to alleviate srotopalepa and with the help of sara guna the action of the drug becomes more rapid and easier CONCLUSION Brimhana Dravya predominantly comprises of Parthiva and Apya Bhavas. Vatapita hara properties. Brimhana means proportionate body composition mainly through Kapha, Mamsa and Meda that leads to proper development and enhancementofdifferentbody part. Probably mode of action of Brimhana Dravya's can be accessed on the ground of its Gunapanchaka. It is found that majority of ingredients havepredominanceofGuru, Snigdha, Shita and Manda Guna, Madhura Rasa and Madhura Vipaka causing Brimhana effect. Apart from this with some drugs in brmhaniya dashaimani are Tikta kasaya rasa, Laghu, Tiksna guna, UshnaVirya, kau vipaka help in regularize the Agni
  • 5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD38285 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 1 | November-December 2020 Page 1498 leading to a proper metabolism and alleviate srotopalepa. During the treatment of Karshya one should be cautious that Brimhana Dravya's used insuch instances should be LaghuSantarpana innaturebecause already in an emaciated person Sharirbala andAgnibala are reduced. So over all action – brmhana. Some act by – Clearing the sotas and Correcting agnibala. Others nourishes all dhatus. REFERENCES [1] Carak samhita by Vd. Harish handra singh Kushwaha, Chaukhamba orientalia Varanasi, First edition 2005, Page - 68 [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemidesmus_indicus dated 4/12/2020 [3] Shodhala Nighantu : Edited by Acharya P. V. Sharma, 1st Edition 1978, Mahajara Sayajirao University, Baroda [4] Bhavprakasha nNighantu (Indian material mmedica) Dr. K. C. Chunekar Dr. G. S. 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