This document discusses key concepts relating to heat and temperature including:
- The difference between heat and temperature, with heat being a measure of kinetic energy and temperature relating to molecular motion.
- Heat capacity and how different materials require different amounts of heat to cause the same temperature change.
- Methods of heat transfer including conduction, convection, and radiation.
- Thermal conductivity and the factors that determine a material's ability to transmit heat.
Discusses macroscopic and microscopic properties of solids and liquids.
**More good stuff available at:
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Tests show that olefin plants (steam crackers) can diversify to biorenewable feeds without modifying their facilities or operations. And by doing this, they will help "sequester" CO2 into plastics.
Discusses macroscopic and microscopic properties of solids and liquids.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Tests show that olefin plants (steam crackers) can diversify to biorenewable feeds without modifying their facilities or operations. And by doing this, they will help "sequester" CO2 into plastics.
Analysis of Vanadium, Nickel, Sodium, and Iron in Fuel Oils using Flame Atomi...PerkinElmer, Inc.
Standard Test Methods for Determination of Nickel, Vanadium, Iron, and Sodium in Crude Oils and Residual Fuels by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Learn more about our solutions: http://bit.ly/1hNfQIF
Application Note: Study Rigid Amorphous Fraction in Polymer Nano-Composites b...PerkinElmer, Inc.
It is known that there is a rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) in semicrystalline polymers. The RAF exists at the interface of crystal and amorphous phase as a result of the immobilization of a polymer chain due to the crystal.
Here, heat capacity measurment has been performed in order to detect a possible second Tg on nanocomposites of polymethyl methacrulate (PMMA) with silicon oxide nanoparticles of dfferent shape. StepScan(TM) DSC was used for determination of precise heat capacity and HyperDSC(R) to prevent degradation and identify devitrification of the RAF at elevated temperatures.
Phase Behaviour and EoS Modelling of the Carbon Dioxide-Hydrogen System, Martin Trusler, Imperial College London. Presented at CO2 Properties and EoS for Pipeline Engineering, 11th November 2014
Dielectric Constant Measurement on Calcium and Lanthanum Doped Triglycine Sul...IOSR Journals
Triglycine Sulphate (TGS) salts were synthesized. Calcium and lanthanum doped TGS crystals were grown from aqueous solutions by slow evaporation technique. The dielectric constant and AC conductivity measurement were carried out at various temperature ranging from 30°C to 120°C at different frequencies, the variation of dielectric constant with temperature and frequency were studied and it is found that the dielectric constant values decreases with increase in frequency and the AC conductivity increases with increase in frequency.
Analysis of Vanadium, Nickel, Sodium, and Iron in Fuel Oils using Flame Atomi...PerkinElmer, Inc.
Standard Test Methods for Determination of Nickel, Vanadium, Iron, and Sodium in Crude Oils and Residual Fuels by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Learn more about our solutions: http://bit.ly/1hNfQIF
Application Note: Study Rigid Amorphous Fraction in Polymer Nano-Composites b...PerkinElmer, Inc.
It is known that there is a rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) in semicrystalline polymers. The RAF exists at the interface of crystal and amorphous phase as a result of the immobilization of a polymer chain due to the crystal.
Here, heat capacity measurment has been performed in order to detect a possible second Tg on nanocomposites of polymethyl methacrulate (PMMA) with silicon oxide nanoparticles of dfferent shape. StepScan(TM) DSC was used for determination of precise heat capacity and HyperDSC(R) to prevent degradation and identify devitrification of the RAF at elevated temperatures.
Phase Behaviour and EoS Modelling of the Carbon Dioxide-Hydrogen System, Martin Trusler, Imperial College London. Presented at CO2 Properties and EoS for Pipeline Engineering, 11th November 2014
Dielectric Constant Measurement on Calcium and Lanthanum Doped Triglycine Sul...IOSR Journals
Triglycine Sulphate (TGS) salts were synthesized. Calcium and lanthanum doped TGS crystals were grown from aqueous solutions by slow evaporation technique. The dielectric constant and AC conductivity measurement were carried out at various temperature ranging from 30°C to 120°C at different frequencies, the variation of dielectric constant with temperature and frequency were studied and it is found that the dielectric constant values decreases with increase in frequency and the AC conductivity increases with increase in frequency.
Andrea maria camacho romero - preparation of nb3 gaal superconductorsthinfilmsworkshop
A15 compounds Nb3Ga, Nb3Al and Nb-Al-Ga have been synthesized on niobium samples by means of induction heating. For the preparation before of treatment, the niobium samples were treated with BCP solution in order to polish the surface. Subsequent, the samples were annealing using an inductor and setup the voltage, time, sample position, temperature, type and pressure of gas used. The inductive measurements indicate that the highest critical temperature was 18 K with DTc 0.35 K, in Nb-Al-Ga#1 sample. Mapping analysis showed the uniform diffusion of aluminium into the niobium. On the contrary, the gallium diffuses creating channels into niobium. The chemical composition was measured by EDS obtaining 82% wt. Niobium, 11.3%wt., Gallium, 4.7% wt., Aluminium and 1.9% wt. Oxygen. Finally, the results indicate that the new technique is feasible for synthesis of A15 superconductor without using a vacuum system.
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
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Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
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Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
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Stay ahead of the curve with our premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions. Our expert developers utilize MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS, and Node.js to create modern and responsive web applications. Trust us for cutting-edge solutions that drive your business growth and success.
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Tata Group Dials Taiwan for Its Chipmaking Ambition in Gujarat’s DholeraAvirahi City Dholera
The Tata Group, a titan of Indian industry, is making waves with its advanced talks with Taiwanese chipmakers Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (PSMC) and UMC Group. The goal? Establishing a cutting-edge semiconductor fabrication unit (fab) in Dholera, Gujarat. This isn’t just any project; it’s a potential game changer for India’s chipmaking aspirations and a boon for investors seeking promising residential projects in dholera sir.
Visit : https://www.avirahi.com/blog/tata-group-dials-taiwan-for-its-chipmaking-ambition-in-gujarats-dholera/
Attending a job Interview for B1 and B2 Englsih learnersErika906060
It is a sample of an interview for a business english class for pre-intermediate and intermediate english students with emphasis on the speking ability.
Attending a job Interview for B1 and B2 Englsih learners
163 Lo1
1. Learning outcome 1
• Demonstrate knowledge of the concepts of heat and
temperature, heat capacity and heat transfer.
• 1.1 Describe the difference between heat and temperature
and define the various units for each.
• 1.2 Calculate the heat energy needed to cause a
temperature rise in a simple process.
• 1.3 Describe methods of heat transfer.
• 1.4 Define thermal conductivity and its dependent factors.
1
2. Heat and temperature
• What is the difference between Heat and
Temperature?
2 Revision01
3. Heat
• Heat (page 47 Elect Principles)
– is a measure of the total kinetic energy of the
molecules or atoms in a body.
– The quantity of energy stored is measured in
Joules
– Symbol – J
– Heat transfer is the process of a hot body giving off
heat to a cold body.
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4. Heat
• Note that heat is a quantity. Cold isn’t!
• Cold is the absence of heat.
• If all heat is removed…
– The body is at absolute zero (-273.15°C).
• If heat is squashed into a smaller volume…
– The temperature rises.
– R= resistance
– H = I2Rt
– T = time of current flow
– I = current
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5. Temperature
• Temperature is a measure of the degree of movement of
the random oscillations of the molecules.
• Alternatively, it can be defined as a measure of the
hotness of a body.
• No movement = No temperature.
• (ie. Absolute Zero)
• If a body is not storing heat its temperature is absolute
zero.
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6. Temperature
• While heat and temperature are related, they are not the
same thing.
• As a body stores additional thermal energy (heat) its
temperature will raise.
• The rise in temperature is governed by:
–the mass of the body
–the type of material
• If heat is squashed into a smaller area, the temperature in
6
that area will rise.
7. Temperature Scales
• Kelvin • Celsius
– 0K absolute zero – -273.15OC absolute zero
– 273.15K ice point – 0° C ice point
water water
– 373.15K steam point – 100° C steam point of
of water water
– Note 100 degrees – Note 100 degrees
between ice and steam between ice and steam
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8. Heat Capacity
• The ability of a substance to store heat.
• If equal masses absorb equal amounts
of thermal energy (heat), different
substances show a different
temperature increase.
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9. Specific Heat Capacity
• Symbol - c
• The amount of heat in Joules needed to raise the
temperature of one kg of the substance by 1°K
• water 4180J/kg/K
• lead 130J/kg/K
• copper 390J/kg/K
• see page 48 Elect Principles
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11. Calculations
• Q = m x c x (t2-t1)
– Where:
– Q = Quantity of heat
– m = mass in kg
– c = specific heat capacity (tables)
– t2 - t1 change in temperature
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12. Calculations
• eg. An aluminium pot (mass 0.6kg) contains 1.6 litres
(1.6kg) of water. The pot and water is heated from 30C to
95C. Calculate the heat received by the pot and water.
Assume no losses
• QH20 = mc(t2-t1)
• 0.6x900x65
• 1.6 x 4180 x 65 • 35.1kJ
• 434.72kJ • Answer = 434.72 + 35.1
= 469.82kJ
• QPOT = mc(t2-t1)
12 Revision01
15. Heat Transfer
• Heat moves from high to low temperature levels.
The rate of heat transfer is partly dependant on the
difference between the two temperature levels.
• 3 types of heat transfer
• Conduction
• Convection
• Radiation
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16. Heat transfer
• Conduction
–the heat is transferred through a material
by means of collisions between atoms.
• Q: Why does the steel of the chair you are
sitting on feel cold to the touch?
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17. Heat transfer
• Convection
–The heat is transferred by the actual
motion of the material (liquids and
gases).
• Q: What heats up a HWS?
Conduction? Convection? Both?
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18. Heat transfer
• Radiation
–Heat is radiated out as Infra Red energy.
–Radiant energy is similar to light/radio waves.
•Sun
•Standing near a fire
• Q: What heats up the earth?
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19. Thermal conductivity
• Thermal conductivity is the material’s ability to
transmit heat by conduction.
• Depends on four factors:
–Type of material
–Length of transfer path
–Cross-sectional area of path
–Temperature difference
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20. Thermal conductivity
• As a general rule
– Metals tend to have good thermal
conductivity
– Electrical insulators tend to have poor
thermal conductivity
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21. Thermal conductivity
• The frame of a motor is designed to conduct
the heat from the windings (centre of
motor) to the surface and then dissipate the
heat to the environment.
• The frame of a Hot Water Service is
designed to ensure the heat is trapped in
the centre of the Service.
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22. Thermal conductivity
• Many electrical items work better if kept
cool:
–Transformers
–Motors
–Generators
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