Standard Test Methods for Determination of Nickel, Vanadium, Iron, and Sodium in Crude Oils and Residual Fuels by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Learn more about our solutions: http://bit.ly/1hNfQIF
Thermo catalytic decomposition of methane over Pd/AC and Pd/CB catalysts for ...IJERA Editor
Hydrogen production studies have been carried using Thermo Catalytic Decomposition (TCD) Unit. Thermo catalytic decomposition of methane is an attractive route for COx free production of hydrogen required in fuel cells. Although metal based catalysts produce hydrogen at low temperatures, carbon formed during methane decomposition reaction rapidly deactivates the catalyst. The present work compares the results of 10 wt% Pd supported on commercially available activated carbon and carbon black catalysts (samples coded as Pd10/AC and Pd10/CB respectively) for methane decomposition reaction. Hydrogen has been produced by thermo catalytic decomposition of methane at 1123K and Volume Hourly Space Velocity (VHSV) of 1.62 L/h g on the activity of both the catalysts has been studied. XRD of the above catalysts revealed, moderately crystalline peaks of Pd which may be responsible for the increase in catalytic life and formation of carbon fibers. Also during life studies (850°C and 54 sccm of methane) it has been observed that the activity of carbon black is sustainable for a longer time compared to that of activated carbon.
Study of stationary combustion source fine particulate matterEnrique Posada
This is a study of partiulate matter emisions in small boilers in the Aburra Valley region of Colombia. It correlates emission data with efficiency values and chemical composition
Deactivation Modeling through Separable Kinetics of Coking On Ni/CZ Catalyst ...IOSR Journals
Abstract : Steam methane reforming (SMR) is a very significant technique to produce hydrogen from fossil fuels. In this particular work, nickel is used as the active metal and ceria-zirconia (CZ) bi-metallic oxide is used as the support. The foremost challenge to this process is sooting or coking over the catalyst surface and blocking the active sites. For the economic viability of the catalyst, it is very significant to make it coke deposition resistant. This is the reason that the kinetic modeling of the deactivation is very important. Therefore, this paper is aimed to model the deactivation and activity of the catalyst. A rate model of the deactivation process is also developed using separable kinetics. A comparison with commercial catalyst is also reported to show that the Ni/CZ catalyst is much more stable towards the coking. Keywords –Coking, Deactivation, Methane, Separable kinetics, Steam reforming.
Failure analysis of a power transformer using dissolved gas analysis – a case...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Thermo catalytic decomposition of methane over Pd/AC and Pd/CB catalysts for ...IJERA Editor
Hydrogen production studies have been carried using Thermo Catalytic Decomposition (TCD) Unit. Thermo catalytic decomposition of methane is an attractive route for COx free production of hydrogen required in fuel cells. Although metal based catalysts produce hydrogen at low temperatures, carbon formed during methane decomposition reaction rapidly deactivates the catalyst. The present work compares the results of 10 wt% Pd supported on commercially available activated carbon and carbon black catalysts (samples coded as Pd10/AC and Pd10/CB respectively) for methane decomposition reaction. Hydrogen has been produced by thermo catalytic decomposition of methane at 1123K and Volume Hourly Space Velocity (VHSV) of 1.62 L/h g on the activity of both the catalysts has been studied. XRD of the above catalysts revealed, moderately crystalline peaks of Pd which may be responsible for the increase in catalytic life and formation of carbon fibers. Also during life studies (850°C and 54 sccm of methane) it has been observed that the activity of carbon black is sustainable for a longer time compared to that of activated carbon.
Study of stationary combustion source fine particulate matterEnrique Posada
This is a study of partiulate matter emisions in small boilers in the Aburra Valley region of Colombia. It correlates emission data with efficiency values and chemical composition
Deactivation Modeling through Separable Kinetics of Coking On Ni/CZ Catalyst ...IOSR Journals
Abstract : Steam methane reforming (SMR) is a very significant technique to produce hydrogen from fossil fuels. In this particular work, nickel is used as the active metal and ceria-zirconia (CZ) bi-metallic oxide is used as the support. The foremost challenge to this process is sooting or coking over the catalyst surface and blocking the active sites. For the economic viability of the catalyst, it is very significant to make it coke deposition resistant. This is the reason that the kinetic modeling of the deactivation is very important. Therefore, this paper is aimed to model the deactivation and activity of the catalyst. A rate model of the deactivation process is also developed using separable kinetics. A comparison with commercial catalyst is also reported to show that the Ni/CZ catalyst is much more stable towards the coking. Keywords –Coking, Deactivation, Methane, Separable kinetics, Steam reforming.
Failure analysis of a power transformer using dissolved gas analysis – a case...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of cu co mixed metal oxides on the combustion of psan-htpb based solid...eSAT Journals
Abstract Composite propellants based on ammonium perchlorate (AP) as oxidizer are state-of-the-art. However, global environmental impact restricts AP-based propellants because of their high chlorine exhaust. Therefore, efforts are on to innovate propellants with clean exhaust. Ammonium nitrate (AN) has, thus, regained importance in the field of propellants and explosives, more specifically in insensitive formulations, because of its clean burning and low hazard. However, the stumbling block for the application of AN - as solid propellant oxidizer has been its dimensional instability caused by phase transformation which results in increase of volume and porosity of the propellant grain. This can be overcome by the use of phase stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN). In the present study AN phase stabilized by incorporating 10% KN to prepare composite solid propellant. Copper-Cobalt mixed metal oxides have been synthesized via citric acid complexing method. Three different catalysts were prepared with different Cu-Co molar ratios 1, 0.5 And 2 in the initial reactants. The synthesized catalysts were then added to the PSAN-HTPB(Phase Stabilized Ammonium Nitrate- Hydroxyl Terminated Poly-Butadiene) composite formulations. These propellant samples were subjected to burn rate measurement in a Crawford High Pressure Strand Burner and thermal degradation studies in Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer (STA). The thermal decomposition and burn rate of the propellant is observed maximum on the addition of Copper-Cobalt mixed metal oxide catalyst with molar ratio 2. A total of six propellant samples catalyzed and non-catalyzed and one preheated virgin sample were undertaken for the above analysis and results obtained are discussed. It has been observed that except the propellant sample with Cu-Co-III and virgin propellant where PSAN was prepared by solid mixing, other propellant samples were hard to burn. KeyWords:Solid propellants, Ammonium nitrate, Phase stabilization, Burn rate, Thermal decomposition, Mixed metal oxides, Catalytic combustion.
Dissolved Gas Analysis of conventional diagnosis techniques for transformer Hardikarathod
This presentation based on conventional transformer diagnosis techniques which is dissolved gas analysis. In the technique included topics such as Key Gas Method, Gas Ratio Methods, Duval's Triangle, Effect of Stray Gassing in DGA, Partial Discharge Identification using DGA.
Multi-Element Determination of Cu, Mn, and Se using Electrothermal Atomic Abs...IOSR Journals
Simultaneous multi-element graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (SIMAA 6000) is used to get a new multi-element determinations methodology for Cu, Mn, and Se. Firstly, the optimum conditions for single-element mode are determined (which include: pyrolysis and atomization temperatures). Secondly, the optimum conditions for multi-element mode are also determined. The conditions in the two modes have been compared in terms of the characteristic masses, detection limits and pyrolysis and atomization temperatures. The effect of the matrix on the determination has been studied using urine standard sample from Seronorm (LOT 0511545). The accuracy of the developing methods has been confirmed by analysis different biological reference materials. Simultaneous multi-element GF-AAS offers a rapid, low cost and sensitive method for the analysis of trace elements
Dissolve gas anylysis measurement and interpretation techniqueArun Ramaiah
DGA measurement & interpretation technique: it is a testing of insulating oil of transformer, which give the data about the internal damage, gases produce in the oil occurs due to overheating, acring etc. interpretation technique- gives the idea about he fault that causes by gases.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Analysis for and quantification of sulfur in crude oil, natural gas, petrochemicals, and industrial chemicals is critical to ensuring quality, process control, and safety for refinery, processors, and users. Understanding the speciation and concentration of sulfur compounds is vital in the hydrocarbon processing industry. Gas chromatography with sulfur chemiluminescence detection (GC-SCD) is one of the most powerful tools for sulfur analysis of hydrocarbons. This poster showcases the use of a new SCD for analysis according to various ASTM methods.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Investigation of Significant Process Parameter in Manganese Phosphating of Pi...IJERA Editor
The aim of this study is to determine the most significant parameter such as phosphating bath temperature,
phosphating time,accelerator level on the fatigue life of piston pin material such as 40NiCr4Mo3 by analysis of
variance (ANOVA).The selected three imput parameters were studied at three different level by conducting nine
experiments based on L9 orthogonal array of Taguchi’s methodology.Phosphating bath temperature has
significant effect on fatigue strength followed by phosphating time and accelerator level.
PerkinElmer Application Note: Monitoring volatile organic compounds in beer p...PerkinElmer, Inc.
Beer is a popular beverage produced by the fermentation of hopped malt extracted from barley and other grains. Although simple in concept, beer is a highly complex mixture of many compounds including sugars, proteins, alcohols, esters, acids, ketones, acids and terpenes. Flavor is an important quality of any beer and the chemical content of the beer is obviously responsible for that flavor. Aroma is an extremely important part of the flavor and so there is a strong interest by brewers in the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in beer that affect it's aroma. This application note describes a system comprising a headspace trap sampler to extract and concentrate VOCs from a beer sample and deliver them to a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MA) for separation, identification and quantification.
Analysis of Oil Additives Following ASTM D4951 with the Avio 200 ICP-OESPerkinElmer, Inc.
When blending base oils and additives for use as lubricants, it is important to know and control the concentrations of certain
elements for optimal performance and longer engine life. Because this process is so crucial, ASTM developed a method
for monitoring this procedure: ASTM method D4951, which covers barium (Ba), boron (B), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), molybdenum (Mo), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and zinc (Zn). However, not all these elements need to be measured all the time – the blends and additives are specified
to meet certain performance specifications which can vary among oil types, depending on their final use.
Regardless of the source, assessing a crude oil or a fuel for unwanted or intentionally added elemental constituents is a critical part of a quality control protocol. This poster showcases the effectiveness of the ICPE-9820 for the analysis of three petrochemical samples according to ASTM D7111.
Effect of cu co mixed metal oxides on the combustion of psan-htpb based solid...eSAT Journals
Abstract Composite propellants based on ammonium perchlorate (AP) as oxidizer are state-of-the-art. However, global environmental impact restricts AP-based propellants because of their high chlorine exhaust. Therefore, efforts are on to innovate propellants with clean exhaust. Ammonium nitrate (AN) has, thus, regained importance in the field of propellants and explosives, more specifically in insensitive formulations, because of its clean burning and low hazard. However, the stumbling block for the application of AN - as solid propellant oxidizer has been its dimensional instability caused by phase transformation which results in increase of volume and porosity of the propellant grain. This can be overcome by the use of phase stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN). In the present study AN phase stabilized by incorporating 10% KN to prepare composite solid propellant. Copper-Cobalt mixed metal oxides have been synthesized via citric acid complexing method. Three different catalysts were prepared with different Cu-Co molar ratios 1, 0.5 And 2 in the initial reactants. The synthesized catalysts were then added to the PSAN-HTPB(Phase Stabilized Ammonium Nitrate- Hydroxyl Terminated Poly-Butadiene) composite formulations. These propellant samples were subjected to burn rate measurement in a Crawford High Pressure Strand Burner and thermal degradation studies in Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer (STA). The thermal decomposition and burn rate of the propellant is observed maximum on the addition of Copper-Cobalt mixed metal oxide catalyst with molar ratio 2. A total of six propellant samples catalyzed and non-catalyzed and one preheated virgin sample were undertaken for the above analysis and results obtained are discussed. It has been observed that except the propellant sample with Cu-Co-III and virgin propellant where PSAN was prepared by solid mixing, other propellant samples were hard to burn. KeyWords:Solid propellants, Ammonium nitrate, Phase stabilization, Burn rate, Thermal decomposition, Mixed metal oxides, Catalytic combustion.
Dissolved Gas Analysis of conventional diagnosis techniques for transformer Hardikarathod
This presentation based on conventional transformer diagnosis techniques which is dissolved gas analysis. In the technique included topics such as Key Gas Method, Gas Ratio Methods, Duval's Triangle, Effect of Stray Gassing in DGA, Partial Discharge Identification using DGA.
Multi-Element Determination of Cu, Mn, and Se using Electrothermal Atomic Abs...IOSR Journals
Simultaneous multi-element graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (SIMAA 6000) is used to get a new multi-element determinations methodology for Cu, Mn, and Se. Firstly, the optimum conditions for single-element mode are determined (which include: pyrolysis and atomization temperatures). Secondly, the optimum conditions for multi-element mode are also determined. The conditions in the two modes have been compared in terms of the characteristic masses, detection limits and pyrolysis and atomization temperatures. The effect of the matrix on the determination has been studied using urine standard sample from Seronorm (LOT 0511545). The accuracy of the developing methods has been confirmed by analysis different biological reference materials. Simultaneous multi-element GF-AAS offers a rapid, low cost and sensitive method for the analysis of trace elements
Dissolve gas anylysis measurement and interpretation techniqueArun Ramaiah
DGA measurement & interpretation technique: it is a testing of insulating oil of transformer, which give the data about the internal damage, gases produce in the oil occurs due to overheating, acring etc. interpretation technique- gives the idea about he fault that causes by gases.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Analysis for and quantification of sulfur in crude oil, natural gas, petrochemicals, and industrial chemicals is critical to ensuring quality, process control, and safety for refinery, processors, and users. Understanding the speciation and concentration of sulfur compounds is vital in the hydrocarbon processing industry. Gas chromatography with sulfur chemiluminescence detection (GC-SCD) is one of the most powerful tools for sulfur analysis of hydrocarbons. This poster showcases the use of a new SCD for analysis according to various ASTM methods.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Investigation of Significant Process Parameter in Manganese Phosphating of Pi...IJERA Editor
The aim of this study is to determine the most significant parameter such as phosphating bath temperature,
phosphating time,accelerator level on the fatigue life of piston pin material such as 40NiCr4Mo3 by analysis of
variance (ANOVA).The selected three imput parameters were studied at three different level by conducting nine
experiments based on L9 orthogonal array of Taguchi’s methodology.Phosphating bath temperature has
significant effect on fatigue strength followed by phosphating time and accelerator level.
PerkinElmer Application Note: Monitoring volatile organic compounds in beer p...PerkinElmer, Inc.
Beer is a popular beverage produced by the fermentation of hopped malt extracted from barley and other grains. Although simple in concept, beer is a highly complex mixture of many compounds including sugars, proteins, alcohols, esters, acids, ketones, acids and terpenes. Flavor is an important quality of any beer and the chemical content of the beer is obviously responsible for that flavor. Aroma is an extremely important part of the flavor and so there is a strong interest by brewers in the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in beer that affect it's aroma. This application note describes a system comprising a headspace trap sampler to extract and concentrate VOCs from a beer sample and deliver them to a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MA) for separation, identification and quantification.
Analysis of Oil Additives Following ASTM D4951 with the Avio 200 ICP-OESPerkinElmer, Inc.
When blending base oils and additives for use as lubricants, it is important to know and control the concentrations of certain
elements for optimal performance and longer engine life. Because this process is so crucial, ASTM developed a method
for monitoring this procedure: ASTM method D4951, which covers barium (Ba), boron (B), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), molybdenum (Mo), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and zinc (Zn). However, not all these elements need to be measured all the time – the blends and additives are specified
to meet certain performance specifications which can vary among oil types, depending on their final use.
Regardless of the source, assessing a crude oil or a fuel for unwanted or intentionally added elemental constituents is a critical part of a quality control protocol. This poster showcases the effectiveness of the ICPE-9820 for the analysis of three petrochemical samples according to ASTM D7111.
Analysis of In-Service Oils Following ASTM D5185 with the Avio 200 ICP-OESPerkinElmer, Inc.
With heavy machinery, it is important to assess its status during operation to prevent breakdowns and costly repairs. A key aspect is monitoring the status of the oil or lubricants used to lubricate various components such as engines, transmissions, gearboxes and many other important areas: if the oil degrades too much or becomes highly contaminated, it can damage various components. While many aspects of in-service oils need to be monitored, the metal content provides information about the condition of both the engine and the oil itself to help determine the health of the engine and when the oil needs changing. Because of its importance, ASTM created a method for the analysis of in-service oils: method D5185.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
Determination of Carbon Dioxide, Ethane And Nitrogen in Natural Gas by Gas C...Gerard B. Hawkins
Determination of Carbon Dioxide, Ethane
And Nitrogen in Natural Gas by Gas Chromatography
1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION
This document is a method for the determination of carbon dioxide, ethane and nitrogen in natural gas in the range 0-10% v/v.
2 PRINCIPLE
The gas sample will be injected automatically by a ten port valve onto the poraplot U column. The nitrogen will elute first and be switched to the mole sieve column. The mole sieve column will be isolated and the poraplot column will elute the carbon dioxide and ethane via a restrictor column to the detector. After the elution of the carbon dioxide and ethane the poraplot column will be back flushed. Then the nitrogen will be allowed to elute from the mole sieve column (see figure 1.) ...
Method development for the analysis of mono-carbonyl compounds in e-vapor pro...Rana Tayyarah
A robust method for ecigarette FDA-CTP PMTA guidance analytes:
formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, crotonaldehyde
This presentation also includes details related to method optimization experiments.
2020_ST03_ZhuJ copy.pdf
Copper Strip Corrossion Test in Various Aviation Fuelsinventy
This research work takes in to account of corrosiveness test on various aviation fuels in the state of Telengana (India). The purpose of this experiment is to determine the corrosiveness test of fuels. This determination will be accomplished by using copper strip corrosion test by using the copper strip experiment we can determine the corrosive property of the fuel and hence the efficiency of fuel. The research covers the importance of knowing the corrosive property of different petroleum fuels including aviation turbine fuel.
Concrete Containment Tendon Grease Sampling and AnalysisRich Wurzbach
Presented at the 10th International NDE Conference in Nice, France in 2013, this paper outlines new methods and technologies for obtaining representative samples without tendon can disassembly, and a more robust and reliable test slate to evaluate corrosion failure modes including MIC, water, corrosive ions, and the presence of oxidized ferrous debris. Methods developed in response to a containment tendon failure, and the resulting corrective action plan to evaluate an entire assembly of tendons.
BENFIELD LIQUOR: DETERMINATION OF IRON
SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION
This method is suitable for the determination of the total iron in Benfield liquor samples up to a concentration of approximately 100 ppm m/v.
Production of Hydrocarbons from Palm Oil over NiMo Catalystdrboon
Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of palm oil in dodecane over NiMo/Al2O3 has been investigated in a 300mL Parr’s reactor. Triglycerides have been converted to hydrocarbons with various molecular sizes due to the compositions of fatty acids in palm oil. In this experiment, parameters of interest are temperature, pressure and turbine speed. Liquid samples were collected and analyzed by a gas chromatography (GC) to quantify desired hydrocarbon products (C15-C18) in the diesel range. It was found that the amount of desired products depends on the studied parameters. The conversion increases as the reaction temperature and a turbine speed increase, but the operating pressure decreases. In addition, the ratios of Cn/Cn-1 (C18/C17 and C16/C15) have been presented.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Comparison of The Experimental TBP Curve with Results of Empirical Correlatio...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT : The evaluation of oil is fundamental to understand the physical chemical behavior of the fractions and the valorization of the oils. Among the methods used for it, the yield information in certain temperature ranges is obtained from the true boiling point (TBP), performed on bench scale according to ASTM D 2892. In this article, the experimental data from the TBP of Light oils are compared to the curve estimated from empirical correlations and to commercial simulator. The correlation used has the temperature range and density related constants as input variables, and presented a greater deviation compared to the experimental TBP curve. The data of the experimental TBP curve, and oil properties such as viscosity at different temperatures and density were inputs for the HYSYS simulation, with the result showed a smaller deviation from the experimental one. The comparison of the experimental and alternative methodologies show the importance of the development of faster and less deviation techniques to determine the TPB curve and for the evaluation of the oils.
Similar to Analysis of Vanadium, Nickel, Sodium, and Iron in Fuel Oils using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (20)
Por que a triagem para SCID?
A Imunodeficiência combinada grave (SCID) é um grupo de distúrbios caracterizados por um defeito grave na produção e no funcionamento da célula. Normalmente, bebês com SCID falecerão por infecções antes de um ano de idade, a menos que o sistema imunológico do bebê seja restaurado através de tratamento [1].
Solução com marca CE para triagem SCID
A PerkinElmer tem orgulho em apresentar o primeiro ensaio comercial para triagem de TREC. O ensaio faz parte de um sistema completo, com marca CE para garantir o uso seguro e eficaz como um auxiliar na triagem de SCID.
A potência do Triplo Quad se combina com a versatilidade do Single Quad.
Limites de detecção incomparáveis, ao nível de ppq. Facilidade de uso inigualável. Finalmente, os analistas podem ter o melhor dos dois mundos com o revolucionário ICP-MS NexION 2000.
O cromatógrafo a gás/espectrômetro de massas (GC/MS) portátil Torion® T-9 da PerkinElmer traz novo significado à portabilidade. Pesando apenas 14,5 quilos, este GC/MS também é rápido, confiável e de fácil utilização.
A PerkinElmer, mantendo seu compromisso com a qualidade e se adaptando sempre às necessidades atuais e futuras, apresenta uma plataforma automatizada que traz imensos benefícios na transferência de líquidos.
Como a PerkinElmer contribui para diagnósticos mais rápidos?PerkinElmer, Inc.
Uma doença detectada precocemente, pode acelerar a inicialização de tratamentos eficazes, que mudarão a história de vida de crianças portadoras de doenças raras e, de seu núcleo familiar.
Como a PerkinElmer contribui para diagnósticos mais rápidos?PerkinElmer, Inc.
Uma doença detectada precocemente, pode acelerar a inicialização de tratamentos eficazes, que mudarão a história de vida de crianças portadoras de doenças raras e, de seu núcleo familiar.
Mais do que nunca, tornou uma premissa para os produtores de carnes, Frigoríficos e Laboratórios, garantirem a segurança e a qualidade dos alimentos que produzem.
Saiba como o DA 7250 pode te ajudar a garantir todos os certificados de segurança e qualidade.
O sequenciamento de nova geração (Next Generation
Sequencing - NGS) se tornou uma importante ferramenta
da biologia molecular, dentro das diversas áreas da
pesquisa e do ambiente clínico, devido à capacidade de
sequenciar, ou seja, identificar a ordem dos nucleotídeos que compõe o genoma humano, de forma rápida e em grande quantidade, além de ter reduzido significativamente o custo do sequenciamento por base.
Visando oferecer soluções que atendam aos padrões necessários de qualidade para as reações de NGS e também promover melhoria expressiva no importante processo de construção da biblioteca, a PerkinElmer adicionou ao seu portfólio de Applied Genomics os kits para o preparo de bibliotecas de NGS Bioo Scientific®.
Não importa o tamanho da rotina de seu laboratório. As plataformas LabChip®GX Touch vão se adequar à sua necessidade e proporcionar um fluxo de trabalho muito mais produtivo.
New Research Evaluating Cisplatin Uptake in Ovarian Cancer Cells by Single Ce...PerkinElmer, Inc.
Application Note
Authors:
Lauren Amable
National Institute on Minority Health and
Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, MD
Stan Smith
Chady Stephan
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Shelton, CT
Cromatógrafo Gasoso PerkinElmer Clarus® All-In-One
Com exclusivo detector FID (Flame Ionization Detector) da família Clarus CG que não requer gás Nitrogênio (Make-Up), sendo necessário para o seu funcionamento apenas os gases Hidrogênio e Ar Sintético, a PerkinElmer mais uma vez inova no setor de Cromatografia Gasosa com sistema CG Clarus All-In-One.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
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Analysis of Vanadium, Nickel, Sodium, and Iron in Fuel Oils using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
1. a p p l i c at i o n N o t e
Atomic Absorption
Author
Stan Smith
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Shelton, CT 06484 USA
Analysis of Vanadium,
Nickel, Sodium, and Iron
in Fuel Oils using
Flame Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometry
Introduction
Elemental analysis of fuel oil is an important
step in quantifying its quality. Combustion
of fuels containing metals can lead to the
formation of low melting-point compounds
that are corrosive to metal parts. The presence of certain metals, even at trace levels,
can deactivate or foul catalysts used during
the processing of the oil. ASTM® International
publishes numerous test methods for the
analysis of petroleum products, including
fuel oils. ASTM® D5863-00a (2005),
“Standard Test Methods for Determination of Nickel, Vanadium, Iron, and Sodium
in Crude Oils and Residual Fuels by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry”, is
an industry-standard method for the analysis of fuel oils. Due to its multi-element
capabilities, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES)
may be the preferred technique for petroleum analyses requiring many elements,
however, flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) methods are still
quite effective and rapid for smaller numbers of elements such as those required
for fuel oil analyses. In addition, flame AA instrumentation is significantly more
compact than ICP-OES instruments, costs a fraction of the price, and requires less
operator training.
2. Experimental Conditions
Instrumentation
The analysis of a National Institute for Standards and
Technology® (NIST®) Standard Reference Material (SRM) fuel
oil was performed using a PerkinElmer® PinAAcle™ 900T
spectrometer (Figure 1) operated in the flame mode. A
stainless steel nebulizer (Part Nos. Nebulizer: N3160143;
End Cap: N3160102) was used along with a solvent-resistant
Kalrez® o-ring (Part No. N9300065) in the burner chamber and
a solvent-resistant drain assembly. Hollow cathode lamps
(Part Nos. V: N3050186, Ni: N3050152, Na: N3050148, Fe:
N3050126) were used for all analyses and an air-acetylene
flame was used for all elements except vanadium which was
analyzed with a nitrous oxide-acetylene flame (Burner Head
Part No. N0400100). Optimized parameters for each element
are listed in Table 1.
Table 1. Optimized experimental conditions for the analysis of
metals in fuel oil using the PinAAcle 900T spectrometer.
Analtye
Wavelength (nm)
Vanadium Nickel Sodium Iron
318.40
232.00
589.00
248.33
Slit Width (nm)
0.7
0.2
0.2
0.2
Read Time (sec)
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
Nitrous Oxide
Air
Air
Air
Oxidant
Oxidant Flow
(L/min)
6.0
10.0 10.0 10.0
Acetylene Flow
(L/min)
6.7
2.5 2.5 2.5
Sample Uptake
Rate (mL/min)
2.25
2.25
2.25
2.25
Standard and Sample Preparation
Per Test Method B of ASTM® D5863, the sample and standards
were prepared by solvent dilution. The solvent used was
V-SOLV™ from VHG Labs (Part No. N9308265), a refined
kerosene-like solvent. This method recommends the preparation
of the oil in solvent at either a 5% ratio or a 20% ratio,
depending on the actual concentration of the elements. In
this experiment, both ratios were run to encompass the range
of concentrations in the NIST® SRM and to determine if there
would be any bias between the two oil ratios.
Figure 1. PerkinElmer PinAAcle 900T and quick change burner assembly with
stainless steel nebulizer and air-acetylene burner head.
Default recommended conditions found in the WinLab32™
for AA software were used for most parameters (Table 1).
When analyzing high BTU organic solvents, however, the
sample flow rate must be reduced as typical hydrocarbon
solvents will flow faster than aqueous samples and hydrocarbon solvents are themselves fuel for the flame. The
sample rate of 2.25 mL/min for the kerosene solvent
(approximately 3 times lower than the typical 7 mL/min for
aqueous samples) generated a lean blue flame and met the
sensitivity checks for each element. For vanadium, which
used a nitrous oxide-acetylene flame, the acetylene flow rate
was adjusted to a slightly lower flow rate (6.0 L/min) from
the default value (7.5 L/min) to provide a more stable flame.
2
Calibration standards were Multi-Element Metallo-Organic
Standards (VHG labs) in 75 centistoke (cSt) hydrocarbon
base oil. Three V23 standards at: 10 µg/g (Part No. N0776109),
50 µg/g (Part No. N0776104) and 500 µg/g (Part No.
N0776106); along with a V21 standard at 100 µg/g (Part
No. N9308306) were used. The standards contained 23 and
21 elements, respectively, including nickel (Ni), vanadium (V),
sodium (Na), and iron (Fe). The blank was comprised of the
75 cSt hydrocarbon base oil (Part No. N0776103) diluted in
solvent. Each of the three calibration stock standards (10, 50,
and 500 µg/g) were diluted in V-SOLV™ to create calibration
standards at 0.5, 2.5, and 10 mg/kg in both 5% and 20%
total oil. The blank base oil was used to make up the difference, if necessary, between the calibration stock standard
and the needed 5% or 20% oil. This calibration range was
sufficient to address the observed concentration range of
the fuel oil sample. The 100 µg/g standard was diluted in
V-SOLV™ to produce a secondary source quality control (QC)
sample at 5 mg/kg in both 5% and 20% total oil.
3. The fuel oil analyzed was NIST® Standard Reference Material
1634c Trace Elements in Fuel Oil. The NIST® SRM included
certified values for V and Ni and a noncertified value for Na.
As no value was provided for Fe, a 3.62 mg/kg Fe matrix
spike was prepared from a 5000 µg/g stock organometallic
standard (VHG labs) for the NIST® sample.
In the analysis of aqueous samples for sodium and vanadium, it
is common to add 0.1% alkali salt such as KCl or LiCl to all
standards and samples to act as an ionization suppressant.
The high concentration of salt helps to control the ionization
effects in the flame and prevent bias in the results. ASTM®
D5863 does not call for the addition of an alkali salt, but
a third set of calibration samples and NIST® SRM were
prepared at 20% oil as stated above, but with the addition
of 250 mg/kg of Li (5000 µg/g, Conostan S21 Organometallic
Standard in Hydrocarbon Base Oil) to determine if vanadium
results would improve with the presence of an ionization
suppressant. It is difficult to spike significantly higher than
this without affecting the total oil percentage due to the
concentration of the stock organometallic standards.
Table 2. Recoveries of trace elements in NIST® SRM 1634c
using a 5% oil solution (mg/kg).
Replicate
Iron
1
15.2 18.0 35.0 28.8
Nickel Sodium Vanadium
2
15.4 18.2 34.4 30.4
3
15.4 18.0 35.2 28.8
Mean
15.3 18.1 34.9 29.3
Standard Deviation
0.12
0.14
0.42
0.92
Certified Value
N/A
17.54 ± 0.21
37
28.19 ± 0.40
% Recovery
N/A
103
94.2
104
*The uncertainty limits of the certified values are at a 95%
confidence level.
Table 3. Recoveries of trace elements in NIST® SRM 1634c
using a 20% oil solution (mg/kg).
Replicate Iron Nickel Vanadium Vanadium
w/Li*
Results and Discussion
15.6 17.5
26.5
29.9
2
15.5 17.7
26.7
29.7
3
15.5 17.7
26.7
29.7
Mean
15.5 17.6
26.7
29.7
Standard
Deviation 0.029 0.13
0.12
0.17
% Recovery
The instrument was optimized for the four elements prior
to analysis and the conditions are provided in Table 1. The
analytical sequence for each of the four elements was to
calibrate the instrument, analyze the blank and 5 mg/kg
QC sample, analyze the NIST® SRM and matrix spike where
applicable, and re-analyze the blank and QC sample.
1
94.5
106
N/A
101
*250 mg/kg Li ionization suppressant
NIST® and Spike Recoveries
Efficacy of the method was established by favorable comparison
of the obtained results to the certified values provided with
the NIST® SRM (Tables 2-3). Certified values were provided
for V and Ni and a noncertified value was provided for Na.
No reference value was provided for Fe, and instead, a
matrix spike was performed to demonstrate efficacy. The
NIST® SRM was prepared at the 5% oil ratio and spiked with
3.62 mg/kg of Fe. The spike concentration was mid range
for the calibration curve and approximately four times greater
than the observed (diluted) sample concentration (0.79 mg/
kg) at 5% oil. The observed concentration of iron was 4.44 mg/
kg in the spiked aliquot for a recovery of 101%. While this
does not specifically demonstrate the accuracy of the results,
it does provide support.
As can be seen by comparing the vanadium results between
Tables 2 and 3, the lithium ionization suppressant had no
significant effect on the results. These results support the
conclusion that although an ionization suppressant is needed
for aqueous samples, it is not necessary for organics and is
consistent with the ASTM® method.
Characteristic Concentration
The analytical conditions were modified from the typical
aqueous conditions to accommodate the matrix being
comprised of oil and solvent. However, the characteristic
concentration for each of the four elements was similar
to the recommended values provided in the WinLab32 for
AA software for aqueous conditions (Table 4 – Page 4).
Published data for the characteristic concentrations in
organic solutions was not available. However, considering
the differences in the rate of sample introduction and the
relative stability of aqueous and organic solutions, the
characteristic concentrations for the two different
matrices should be similar.
3
4. Table 4. Characteristic concentrations for the analysis of
metals in fuel oil. Reference values are for aqueous solutions
(mg/kg).
Analyte
Aqueous
Reference Value
5
% Oil
20
20 w/Li
Iron
0.1
0.12 0.13 N/A
Nickel
0.14
0.16 0.19 N/A
Sodium
0.012
0.032 N/A N/A
1.9
0.67 0.77 0.79
Vanadium
Calibration and Method Detection Limits
The calibration range used for all elements at both the 5%
and 20% dilution ratios was similar to that recommended
in ASTM® D5863 and also appropriate for the NIST® SRM.
All correlation coefficients were calculated with a non-linear
through zero calibration equation and were greater than
0.999. All calibration curves were verified with the secondary
source standard and returned recoveries of no more than
±5% of the prepared value (i.e., 5 mg/kg). Examples of two
calibration curves are shown in Figures 2 and 3.
Figure 3. Calibration curve for the detection of nickel in 5% oil using FAAS.
The calculated MDL results clearly demonstrate that this
method is more than adequate for the analysis of fuel oils
and has excellent sensitivity.
Table 6. MDL reported in mg/kg in varying oil content for
the analysis of metals in fuel oil by FAAS.
Analyte
% Oil
Std Dev
MDL
Iron
5 0.0034 0.011
20 0.0086 0.027
Nickel 5 0.0079 0.025
20 0.0089 0.028
Sodium 5 0.0039 0.012
Vanadium 5
0.033
0.10
0.034
0.11
20 (w/Li)
Conclusions
Figure 2. Calibration curve for the detection of vanadium in 20% oil using FAAS.
In addition to the NIST® results comparison, the method
detection limits were estimated by repetitive analysis of the
0.5 mg/kg calibration standard (Table 6). This standard was
analyzed 7 times and the resultant standard deviation was
multiplied by the Student’s t-value for 6 degrees of freedom
and 99% confidence limits (3.143).
The percentage of oil did not appear to have any significant
effect on the method detection limit (MDL) results. The
more concentrated 20% oil solutions have slightly poorer
MDLs than that of the 5% solutions. Considering the
complex matrix in these sample solutions, these MDLs are a
very good indication that the instrument performs normally.
Better performance can be achieved, when desired, by additional
optimization of the operating parameters and maintaining
the cleanliness of the sample introduction system.
4
While ICP-OES and ICP-MS instrumentation may receive
more attention when it comes to metals analyses, FAAS is
a viable option particularly in the petroleum industry. There
are no less than 12 active ASTM® test methods available for
the analysis of petroleum products by AA techniques. FAAS
instrumentation offers rapid sample analysis, accuracy and
precision, simple operation, a small instrument footprint,
and all for a fraction of the price of the ICP instruments.
The PinAAcle 900T spectrometer is an excellent choice
for petroleum product analyses and can be used with the
ASTM® test methods. Very few and simple, optional modifications are suggested to handle the organic matrix. Excellent
accuracy has been demonstrated with a fuel oil SRM. The
quick-change spray chamber allows for fast and simple
conversion from aqueous to organic samples. The WinLab32
for AA software and its automated features simplify analyses,
freeing up more of the analyst’s time. The PinAAcle 900F
(flame only model) may also be used for this analysis.