This document provides information on the chemical composition, mechanical properties, and microstructure parameters of steel grade AISI 4140. It lists the chemical composition as 0.4% C, 0.4% Si, 0.75% Mn, 1.05% Cr, 0.23% Mo, and 97.11% Fe. It also provides the cooling rate used, thickness of the material, and expected Rockwell hardness of 63 after hardening. The document contains various equations and parameters for predicting properties of 4140 and other steels.

1. Jenis Material: Baja AISI 4140
Komposisi
Kimia (%)-berat Fn Cooling Rate (oC/s) Tebal (mm)
C 0.4 128 20 5
Si 0.4
Mn 0.75
Cu 0
Cr 1.05
Mo 0.23
V 0
W 0
Ni 0
P 0.04
S 0.04
Al 0
As 0 A[C]
Ti 0 0.55
Nb 0
Co 0 t8/5: Cooling Time Between 800°C and 500°C (s):
Sn 0
N 0 Tempering Temperature (oC):
B 0
O 0
Fe 97.11 Rockwell Hardness (C Scale) After Hardening:

2. %N %B %O % TiC H (cm^3/100 gr)
0 0 0 0 0
en 800°C and 500°C (s): 60
200
ale) After Hardening: 63

3. PARAMETER: Grange
1 Equilibrium Temperature for Austenitization Start (oC) 745.8
2 Equilibrium Temperature for End of Austenitization (oC) 788.3
Boratto
3 Austenite No-Recrystallization Temperature (oC) 929.8
Blás
4 Start Temperature of the Transformation Austenite → Ferrite (oC) 677.1
5 Final Temperature of the Transformation Austenite → Ferrite (oC) -
Steven
6 Start Temperature of the Bainitic Transformation, Bs (oC) 562.3
Temperature Required for the Formation of 50% of Bainite (oC) 512.3
Temperature Required for the Formation of 100% of Bainite (oC) 442.3
Steven (oF)
Start Temperature of the Martensitic Transformation, Ms (oC) 324.1
Temperature Required for the Formation of 10% of Martensite 306.1
Temperature Required for the Formation of 50% of Martensite 239.1
7
Temperature Required for the Formation of 90% of Martensite 139.1
Temperature Required for the Formation of 100% of Martensite -62.9
Sverdlin
Start Temperature of the Martensitic Transformation, Ms (oC) 316.5
Dearden
8 Critical Diameter (mm) 1,626
Austenitic
9 Density (kg/dm^3) 8.03
Dearden
10 Equivalent Carbon – H.A.Z. Hardenability 0.81
Critical Cooling Rate at 700°C (oC/s), produces a fully - -
Martensitic structure
Critical Cooling Time from 800 to 500°C (s) produces a fully - -
Martensitic structure
DNV
11 Equivalent Carbon – Hydrogen Assisted Cold Cracking 0.76
Cracking Parameter, Pcm (%) -
Lorenz
12 Maximum Hardness for a Martensitic-Bainitic HAZ Microstructure 290.4

4. (Vickers, 10 kg Load), after Cooling
Spies
13 Brinell Hardness After Hardening and Tempering 589.3
Dearden
14 Maximum Hardness (Vickers), after Welding 770.5
Guthmann
15 Liquidus Temperature of Steels (oC) 1,494
Takeuchi
16 Solidus Temperature of Steels (oC) 1,348
Mizui
17 Weld Interface Cracking Susceptibility during Flash Butt Welding 1.0
18 Tensile Strength After Flash Butt Welding (kg/mm^2) 67.6

5. PERSAMAAN/RUMUS:
Andrews Roberts Eldis Park Lee & Lee
744.4 - 721.4 820.2 607.4
771.1 800.2 730.8 - -
Choquet Unknown #1 Unknown #2 Ouchi Pickering Shiga
668.7 648.5 704.2 691.2 827.5 726.5
- 477.6 -
Suehiro Kirkaldy Lee
269.0 277.6 604.8
----> (oC) Rowland Andrews (#1) Andrews (#2) Eldis Krauss Grange
162.3 310.0 328.32 329.3 325.04 324.1 324.1
152.3 - - - - - -
115.0 - - - - - -
59.5 - - - - - -
-52.7 - - - - - -
Payson Carapella Nehrenberg
316.4 315.4 328.1
Ferritic
7.82
IIW Bastien Yurioka Kihara Shinozaki Stout
0.78 0.67 0.73 0.81 0.54 1.0
- 875.4 - - - -
- - 849.5 - - -
Uwer Mannesmann Graville Hoesch Ito (I) Ito (II) Yurioka
0.55 0.52 0.52 0.52 - - 0.62
- - - - 0.52 0.53 -

6. Shinozaki
255.4

7. KETERANGAN
Andrews, valid for low alloy steels with less than 0.6%C.
Eldis, for low alloy steels with less than 0.6%C.
Park, specifically developed for TRIP steels.
Lee, valid for the following alloy range: 0.2% ≤ C ≤ 0.7; Mn ≤ 1.5% ;
Si ≤ 0.3%; Ni ≤ 2.8%; Cr ≤ 1.5%; Mo ≤ 0,6%
valid under the following alloy range: 0.04% ≤ C ≤ 0.17%;
0.41% ≤ Mn ≤ 1.90; 0.15% ≤ Si ≤ 0.50% ; 0.002% ≤ Al ≤ 0.650;
Nb ≤ 0.060%; V ≤ 0.120%; Ti ≤ 0.110%; Cr ≤ 0.67%; Ni ≤ 0.45.
Blás, Useful range: 0.024-0.068% C, 0.27-0.39% Mn, 0.004-0.054%
Al, 0.000-0.094% Nb, 0.0019-0.0072% N, 1.0-
35°C/s
Pickering, Applicable to Plain C Steels.
Lee, specifically developed for TRIP steels.
Andrews, valid for low alloy steels with less than 0.6%C, 4.9% Mn,
5.0% Cr, 5.0% Ni and 5.4% Mo.
Eldis, valid for steels with chemical composition between
the following limits: 0.1~0.8% C; 0.35~1.80% Mn;
<1.50% Si; <0.90% Mo; <1.50% Cr; <4.50% Ni
Shinozaki, Designed Specifically for Flash Butt Welding
Mannesmann, deduced for pipeline steels
A version of this formula divides V by 10
Graville & Hoesch, deduced for pipeline steels
Ito (I), deduced for pipeline steels with C < 0.15%
This is the most popular formula for this kind of material.
Equation valid under the following conditions: 0.07% ≤ C ≤ 0.22%;
0.40% ≤ Mn ≤ 1.40%; Si ≤ 0.60%; V ≤ 0,12% ;

8. Cr ≤ 1.20%; Ni ≤ 1.20%; Cu ≤ 0.50%, Mo ≤ 0.7%, B ≤ 0,005%.
Yurioka, for C-Mn and microalloyed pipeline steels
This formula combines Carbon Equivalent equations from IIW and Pcm
Spies, valid within the following ranges: HRC: 20~65;
C: 0.20~0.54%; Mn: 0.50~1,90%; Si:0.17~1.40%;
Cr: 0.03~1.20%; Temp. Tempering: 500~650°C.
Shinozaki, at the Welding Interface
(No Crack = Zero)

9. Temperatur uji (oC) 30
True Strain 0.2
Strain Rate (s^-1) 10
Grain Size (mikron) 5
Equivalent Carbon 0.51
Pearlite Fraction in Microstructure (%) 63.3
Coiling Temperature (oC) 400
Finishing Temperature (oC) 100
Cooling Rate (oC/s) 20
Plate Thickness (mm) 5
Total Hot Rolling Conventional Strain (%) 20
1 Young Modulus (kg/mm^2)
2 Shear Modulus (kg/mm^2)
3 Steel Hot Strength (kg/mm^2)
C-Mn Mild Steels:
1 Yield Strength at 0.2% Real Strain (Mpa)
2 Tensile Strength (Mpa)
3 Strain Hardening Coefficient at 0.2% Real Strain (1/Mpa)
4 Uniform Elongation, Expressed as Real Strain
5 Total Elongation, Expressed as Real Strain
6 Impact Transition Temperature for 50% Tough Fracture (oC)
7 Strain Ageing After 10 Days at Room Temperature (oC)
C-Mn Steels Processed at a Hot Strip Mill
1 Ferrite Grain Size (mikron)
2 Pearlite Fraction Present in Microstructure (%)
3 Pearlite Lamelar Spacing (mikron)
4 Yield Strength at 0.2% Real Strain (Mpa)
5 Tensile Strength (Mpa)
6 Total Elongation (%)
Hot/Cold Rolled and Annealed Mild Steel Langenscheid
1 Grain Size of Cold Rolled Strip (mikron), (after 60% CR+Anneal)
2 Grain Size of Cold Rolled Strip (mikron), (after 70% CR+Anneal)
3 Yield Strength at 0.2% Real Strain (Mpa)
4 Yield Elongation (%)
5 Strain Hardening Coefficient Measured during Tension Test
Mild Steel, Full Annealed
1 Strain Hardening Coefficient Measured during Tension Test

10. C-Mn Steels with Ferrite-Pearlite Structure (including HSLA Steels)
1 Yield Strength at 0.2% Real Strain (Mpa)
2 Tensile Strength (Mpa)
3 Strain Hardening Coefficient at 0.2% Real Strain (1/Mpa)
4 Uniform Elongation, Expressed as Real Strain
5 Total Elongation, Expressed as Real Strain
6 Fracture Appearance Transition Temperature (oC)
Microalloyed Steels
1 Precipitation Strengthening (Ashby-Orowan Model), Mpa
2 Yield Strength at 0.2% Real Strain (Mpa)
Microalloyed Steels
1 Precipitation Strengthening (Mpa), only for steels with V
2 Yield Strength at 0.2% Real Strain (Mpa)
3 Tensile Strength (Mpa)
V-Ti-N Steels Processed by Recrystallization Controlled Rolling
1 Neff (%)
2 Ceq (%)
3 Yield Strength at 0.2% Real Strain (Mpa)
4 Tensile Strength (Mpa)

11. Dual Phase Steels
1 Yield Strength (Mpa)
2 Tensile Strength (Mpa)
3 Strain Hardening Coefficient at 0.2% Real Strain (1/Mpa)
4 Uniform Elongation, Expressed as Real Strain
Acicular Ferrite/Low Carbon Bainite Steels
1 Strength Due to Dislocations (Mpa)
2 Burger’s Vector (cm)
3 Yield Strength (Mpa)
4 Tensile Strength (Mpa)
5 Impact Transition Temperature for 50% Tough Fracture (oC)
Medium C Steels
1 Yield Strength (Mpa)
2 Tensile Strength (Mpa)
3 Impact Transition Temperature for 50% Tough Fracture (oC)
Si Non-Oriented Electrical Steels
1 Lower Yield Strength (Mpa)
2 Tensile Strength (Mpa)
3 Yield Ratio (%)

12. 303 K Elastic Range:
Plastic Range:
0.01 mm
-3 =α
Tselikov Keterangan
31,754 -Valid for carbon, alloy and stainless steels between 20 and 900°C.
Wilson
12,213
Misaka
16.6
Pickering
357.5
637.5
718.9
-0.01
0.48
-24.7
133.8
Artigas -Valid under the following conditions: Slab Reheating Temperature:
30.5 1250°C; Tfin: 850~880°C; Tcoil: 615~650°C;
21.2 Final Thickness: 1.8~4.0 mm; C: 0.08~0.18%; Mn: 0.40~1.00%;
0.31 P < 0.020%; S < 0.020%; Si < 0.030%; Al: 0.020~0.050%; N: 0.0030~0.0090%.
8070.6
6377.0
-25.6
Langenscheid -Valid under the following conditions: C: 0.005~0,10%; Mn: 0.40%;
21.6 P < 0.016%; S < 0.026%; Si < 0.010%; Al: < 0.040%; N: 0.0020~0.0040%.
19.9 Cold rolled steel was box annealed at 700°C;
21.9 the time of treatment, including heating of the samples,
4.6 was equal to 32 hours, being followed by furnace cooling.
0.26
Morrison
0.49

13. Pickering
665.5
1538.6
692.8
-0.10
1.1
-40.7
Pickering -The Friction Stress σo (Mpa) value depends on the previous treatment of
283.6 the material, and can be found in the table below:
628.1
70
-Δσppt: Precipitation Strengthening [MPa], for steels with Nb, Ti and/or V
defined by the formula below (Mpa).
-The effect of solid solution strengthening from another alloy elements
solubilized in ferrite can be included in this equation,
using the following linear coefficients:
-Calculation of the precipitation strengthening of quench-aged carbides and
precipitate carbonitrides in Nb, V and Ti steels.
-Δσppt can be calculated using a more simplified approach,
multiplying the total content of the precipitating alloy by
the factor B shown in the table below:
Volume Fraction of the Precipitate (%):
Mean Planar Intercept Diameter of the Precipitate (mikron):
Hodgson
93.2
695.0
770.4
Mitchell
0.000 -For Steels with Al Content over 0.010% and Si Content between 0.25 and 0.35%.
0.78 -Precision of the Formulas: ± 40 MPa.
677.7
923.6

14. Gorni
1412.2 Mean Ferritic Free Path (mikron)
5305.6 Mean Diameter of Martensite Islands (mikron)
5305.6 Fraction of Martensite (%)
-58.5
Pickering Burger’s Vector
120.0 Dislocation Density (lines/cm^2)
4.9E-13 Volume Fraction of the Precipitate (%)
766.1 Mean Planar Intercept Diameter of the Precipitate (mikron)
1461.63 Mean Spacing between High Angle Boundaries (“Packet” or Prior -
101.0 Austenite Grain Boundaries), mikron
BainiteFerrite Lath Size (mm)
Gladman Volume Fraction of Ferrite (%)
289.9 Ferrite Grain Size (mm)
617.1 Pearlite Lamelar Spacing (mm)
1116.4 Pearlite Colony Size (mm)
Pearlitic Carbide Lamellar Thickness (mm)
Pinoy Ferrite Grain Size (mm)
214.6 -Valid under the following conditions: ULC Steel; Mn: 0.075~0.578%;
344.9 P < 0.109%; S:0.003~0.004%; Si < 0.34%; Al: < 0.432%;
62.9 N: 0.0014~0.0020%; B < 0.0030%.
-Cold rolled steel was box annealed at 700°C; the time of treatment,
including heating of the samples, was equal to 32 hours,
being followed by furnace cooling.

15. 0.3
0.5

16. 10
0.5

17. 0.5
10
60
2
###
0.1
0.5
20
0.01
0.21
0.03
0.0003
0.01
0
0.03

43. Konstanta, c: 19.21
Parameter Hollomon, P: 9.1
Tempering Temperature (oC): 200
Waktu Tempering (jam): 1.35
ATAU:
Waktu Tempering (jam): 1.35
Tempering Temperature (oC): 200

44. Tmin (oC)= 775.1
t (menit)= 60
Pa (oC)= 967.3
l (cm)= 0
Do (cm^2/s)= 0.16
Q (cal/mol)= 62500
t0,05 (jam)= 6.9