This document discusses electric current and its direction. Current can either be flowing towards an object or away from it. The direction of current indicates whether it is moving to or from a given point in a circuit.
Direct contact refers to touching a live conductor during normal operation, while indirect contact means touching a normally non-live part that became energized due to a fault. A residual current device (RCD) is intended to isolate the supply if it detects a current flow to earth that exceeds a preset threshold. Electrical installations should arrange final subcircuits with additional RCD protection as required, especially for residential settings, to prevent electric shock from indirect contact with faulty wiring.
An electric current flowing through a conductor creates a magnetic field around the conductor. The strength of the magnetic field depends on the strength of the current. This magnetic field can exert mechanical forces on nearby metals and electrons in conductors. The behavior of magnetic fields is important for understanding radio theory.
This document provides information about a general safety induction for workers in the construction industry in Queensland, Australia. The induction covers basic safety issues that all construction workers in QLD should be aware of to work safely on building sites. The course number 30215 QLD refers to a general safety course for the construction industry in Queensland.
Direct contact refers to touching a live conductor during normal operation, while indirect contact means touching a normally non-live part that became energized due to a fault. A residual current device (RCD) is intended to isolate the supply if it detects a current flow to earth that exceeds a preset threshold. Electrical installations should arrange final subcircuits with additional RCD protection as required, especially for residential settings, to prevent electric shock from indirect contact with faulty wiring.
An electric current flowing through a conductor creates a magnetic field around the conductor. The strength of the magnetic field depends on the strength of the current. This magnetic field can exert mechanical forces on nearby metals and electrons in conductors. The behavior of magnetic fields is important for understanding radio theory.
This document provides information about a general safety induction for workers in the construction industry in Queensland, Australia. The induction covers basic safety issues that all construction workers in QLD should be aware of to work safely on building sites. The course number 30215 QLD refers to a general safety course for the construction industry in Queensland.
This document discusses key concepts relating to heat and temperature including:
- The difference between heat and temperature, with heat being a measure of kinetic energy and temperature relating to molecular motion.
- Heat capacity and how different materials require different amounts of heat to cause the same temperature change.
- Methods of heat transfer including conduction, convection, and radiation.
- Thermal conductivity and the factors that determine a material's ability to transmit heat.
This document provides information about a general safety induction for workers in the construction industry in Queensland, Australia. The induction covers basic safety issues that all construction workers in QLD should be aware of to work safely on building sites. The course number 30215 QLD refers to a general safety training course for the construction sector in Queensland.
The document discusses different types of water heaters, including instantaneous, mains pressure storage, low pressure storage, solar, and heat pump models. It provides details on instantaneous water heaters, noting they can only operate from a certain tariff and automatically turn on when water is used. Storage water heaters are also discussed, along with mains pressure direct heated models, components like pressure relief valves and expansion control valves, and potential faults to check like element failures or thermostat issues.
The document calculates the electrical load and demand current for 11 circuits in a home. It groups the loads into categories like lighting, outlets, appliances, and assigns each a description, allowance, and demand calculation. The total demand current per phase is summarized at the bottom, with the highest draw of 46.5 amps on phase L3.
The document discusses the basic components and circuits involved in telephone systems, including incoming and outgoing signaling circuits, answering and releasing circuits, transmitter and receiver circuits, and details on dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) frequencies and keypad layout used for dialing. Diagrams are provided to illustrate the basic telephone setup as well as the incoming signaling, answering, outgoing signaling, and speech circuits that make up telephone communication.
A DC motor can reverse its direction of rotation by reversing the polarity of the voltage applied to its terminals. Reversing the polarity causes the magnetic field produced by the stator to switch poles, which causes the rotor to rotate in the opposite direction in order to align itself with the new magnetic field orientation. This simple reversal of voltage polarity allows a DC motor to change the direction of its output shaft rotation with no moving parts required beyond the rotor itself.
The document outlines the demand calculations for 19 different circuit load groups across 3 phases. It lists the load description, current allowance calculation method, and resulting demand current for each phase. The total demand current per phase is calculated at the bottom, with values of 143.8 amps for phase 1, 153.25 amps for phase 2, and 145.05 amps for phase 3.
The document calculates the electrical load of communal services in an apartment building. It shows that 24 lighting points will draw 240 watts and 6 10A sockets will draw up to 12A, for a total demand of 18A per phase. The total demand current per phase for communal services is 18A.
This document describes how to calculate the rotor frequency of a two-pole, 50 Hz induction motor given the rotor speed of 2850 rpm. It shows that the slip speed is 3000 rpm, the slip percentage is 5%, and using the formula fs x %slip / 100, the rotor frequency is calculated to be 2.5 Hz.
The document describes the circuits and loads for an electrical installation. It lists 19 circuits with various lighting, power outlet, motor, and appliance loads. It calculates the demand current in amps for each phase based on adding the full load or percentage of full load for each circuit based on rating and number of devices. The highest calculated demand is 153.25 amps on phase L2. With a 10% allowance for future additions, the total recommended maximum current is 168.575 amps.
This short document does not provide any substantive information to summarize in 3 sentences or less. It only notes that an explanation is not contained in a workbook, but provides no other context or details.
The document contains a table that calculates the current demand per phase for various circuit load groups in an electrical system. It lists 19 load groups categorized by letters A through D, describing each load. It shows the current allowance calculation method and resulting demand in amps for each phase. The total demand current calculated per phase is 143.8 amps for L1, 153.25 amps for L2, and 145.05 amps for L3.
This 3 sentence document provides instructions to refer to a specific table on a specific page of a particular standard for additional explanatory information not contained in the current workbook. The instructions direct the reader to Table C2 on page 359 of AS/NZA 3000:2007 for an explanation that is not included in the current document.
The document describes the functions of 19 electrical circuits in a building. It lists the types of equipment connected to each circuit such as fluorescent lighting, outlets, motors, and appliances. It also indicates which of the 3 electrical phases (L1, L2, L3) each circuit is connected to.
The document calculates the electrical load and demand for 6 living units per phase. It lists the types of loads in each unit, the quantity and allowance per unit, and uses this to calculate the total demand current for phases L1, L2 and L3, which is 154.4 amps for each phase. The key loads included are lighting, power outlets, cooking ranges, air conditioners and hot water systems.
This document discusses the number of living units per phase of a project. It calculates that for 18 total living units divided into 3 phases, there would be 6 living units per phase.
This document summarizes the electrical load calculations for 11 circuits in a home. It lists the load type and description for each circuit, the current allowance per unit, and calculates the demand in amps for circuits 1-10. The largest demands are 17.7 amps for an air conditioner and 15 amps for an off-peak hot water system. The total calculated demand current for each phase is 40.7, 39.5, and 46.5 amps respectively.
The document outlines the functions and ratings of 12 electrical circuits. Circuit 1 provides power for 13 indoor lighting points. Circuit 10 powers an air conditioner rated at 23.6 amps per phase and can draw power from circuits L1, L2, and L3. Circuits 11a and 11b each power a controlled load hot water unit rated at 3.6 kW.
This document discusses key concepts relating to heat and temperature including:
- The difference between heat and temperature, with heat being a measure of kinetic energy and temperature relating to molecular motion.
- Heat capacity and how different materials require different amounts of heat to cause the same temperature change.
- Methods of heat transfer including conduction, convection, and radiation.
- Thermal conductivity and the factors that determine a material's ability to transmit heat.
This document provides information about a general safety induction for workers in the construction industry in Queensland, Australia. The induction covers basic safety issues that all construction workers in QLD should be aware of to work safely on building sites. The course number 30215 QLD refers to a general safety training course for the construction sector in Queensland.
The document discusses different types of water heaters, including instantaneous, mains pressure storage, low pressure storage, solar, and heat pump models. It provides details on instantaneous water heaters, noting they can only operate from a certain tariff and automatically turn on when water is used. Storage water heaters are also discussed, along with mains pressure direct heated models, components like pressure relief valves and expansion control valves, and potential faults to check like element failures or thermostat issues.
The document calculates the electrical load and demand current for 11 circuits in a home. It groups the loads into categories like lighting, outlets, appliances, and assigns each a description, allowance, and demand calculation. The total demand current per phase is summarized at the bottom, with the highest draw of 46.5 amps on phase L3.
The document discusses the basic components and circuits involved in telephone systems, including incoming and outgoing signaling circuits, answering and releasing circuits, transmitter and receiver circuits, and details on dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) frequencies and keypad layout used for dialing. Diagrams are provided to illustrate the basic telephone setup as well as the incoming signaling, answering, outgoing signaling, and speech circuits that make up telephone communication.
A DC motor can reverse its direction of rotation by reversing the polarity of the voltage applied to its terminals. Reversing the polarity causes the magnetic field produced by the stator to switch poles, which causes the rotor to rotate in the opposite direction in order to align itself with the new magnetic field orientation. This simple reversal of voltage polarity allows a DC motor to change the direction of its output shaft rotation with no moving parts required beyond the rotor itself.
The document outlines the demand calculations for 19 different circuit load groups across 3 phases. It lists the load description, current allowance calculation method, and resulting demand current for each phase. The total demand current per phase is calculated at the bottom, with values of 143.8 amps for phase 1, 153.25 amps for phase 2, and 145.05 amps for phase 3.
The document calculates the electrical load of communal services in an apartment building. It shows that 24 lighting points will draw 240 watts and 6 10A sockets will draw up to 12A, for a total demand of 18A per phase. The total demand current per phase for communal services is 18A.
This document describes how to calculate the rotor frequency of a two-pole, 50 Hz induction motor given the rotor speed of 2850 rpm. It shows that the slip speed is 3000 rpm, the slip percentage is 5%, and using the formula fs x %slip / 100, the rotor frequency is calculated to be 2.5 Hz.
The document describes the circuits and loads for an electrical installation. It lists 19 circuits with various lighting, power outlet, motor, and appliance loads. It calculates the demand current in amps for each phase based on adding the full load or percentage of full load for each circuit based on rating and number of devices. The highest calculated demand is 153.25 amps on phase L2. With a 10% allowance for future additions, the total recommended maximum current is 168.575 amps.
This short document does not provide any substantive information to summarize in 3 sentences or less. It only notes that an explanation is not contained in a workbook, but provides no other context or details.
The document contains a table that calculates the current demand per phase for various circuit load groups in an electrical system. It lists 19 load groups categorized by letters A through D, describing each load. It shows the current allowance calculation method and resulting demand in amps for each phase. The total demand current calculated per phase is 143.8 amps for L1, 153.25 amps for L2, and 145.05 amps for L3.
This 3 sentence document provides instructions to refer to a specific table on a specific page of a particular standard for additional explanatory information not contained in the current workbook. The instructions direct the reader to Table C2 on page 359 of AS/NZA 3000:2007 for an explanation that is not included in the current document.
The document describes the functions of 19 electrical circuits in a building. It lists the types of equipment connected to each circuit such as fluorescent lighting, outlets, motors, and appliances. It also indicates which of the 3 electrical phases (L1, L2, L3) each circuit is connected to.
The document calculates the electrical load and demand for 6 living units per phase. It lists the types of loads in each unit, the quantity and allowance per unit, and uses this to calculate the total demand current for phases L1, L2 and L3, which is 154.4 amps for each phase. The key loads included are lighting, power outlets, cooking ranges, air conditioners and hot water systems.
This document discusses the number of living units per phase of a project. It calculates that for 18 total living units divided into 3 phases, there would be 6 living units per phase.
This document summarizes the electrical load calculations for 11 circuits in a home. It lists the load type and description for each circuit, the current allowance per unit, and calculates the demand in amps for circuits 1-10. The largest demands are 17.7 amps for an air conditioner and 15 amps for an off-peak hot water system. The total calculated demand current for each phase is 40.7, 39.5, and 46.5 amps respectively.
The document outlines the functions and ratings of 12 electrical circuits. Circuit 1 provides power for 13 indoor lighting points. Circuit 10 powers an air conditioner rated at 23.6 amps per phase and can draw power from circuits L1, L2, and L3. Circuits 11a and 11b each power a controlled load hot water unit rated at 3.6 kW.
This document calculates the total demand current for an electrical installation consisting of:
- 21 lighting points and 12 double sockets, contributing 5A and 15A respectively
- 15 single sockets contributing 10A
- A 6kW oven contributing 0.5A
- A 2.4kW water heater contributing 0.33A
The total demand current calculated is 45.83A.
The document discusses the time constant and final current value for an RL circuit. It states that:
1) The time constant for the circuit is 0.17 seconds based on the given inductance and resistance values.
2) It will take approximately 0.85 seconds (5 time constants) for the current to reach its final value.
3) Using Ohm's law, the approximate final current after 0.85 seconds is 2 amps.
This document calculates the apparent power, power factor, and phase angle for a circuit. It finds that the apparent power is 2.308 kVA by multiplying the current of 9.615 by the voltage of 240. This apparent power is larger than the actual power of 1.5 kW, indicating a poor power factor of 0.65 or a 49.46 degree phase angle between the current and voltage.
Reactive power (Q) and true power (P) combine to form apparent power (S). Apparent power is the combination of true power, which is the usable energy in a circuit, and reactive power, which is stored energy that results from the combination of voltage and current out of phase.
This document calculates the true power, apparent power, and total current for a circuit. It determines that the true power is 1.5 kW, the apparent power is 1.5009 kVA, and the power factor is 0.99994. It then calculates that with an apparent power of 1.5009 kVA at 240 Volts, the total current would be 6.25 amps.
This document calculates the capacitive reactance (Xc), current (Ic), and reactive power (Qc) of a capacitor with a capacitance of 80 microfarads operating at 60 Hz with a voltage of 240 V. It then calculates the difference between the inductive and capacitive reactive power as 17 VAR.
This document calculates the capacitive reactance and capacitance value needed for a reactive power of 1.754 kVAR at 240V. It shows that the capacitive reactance is 32.845 ohms and the required capacitance is 80.761 microfarads.
The document calculates the reactive power (Q) in kilovolt-amperes reactive (kVAR) from measurements of apparent power (S), true power (P), and the formula that reactive power is equal to the square root of the difference between the square of apparent power and the square of true power. It finds that with an apparent power of 2.308 kVA and a true power of 1.5 kW, the reactive power is 1.754 kVAR.
GlobalLogic Java Community Webinar #18 “How to Improve Web Application Perfor...GlobalLogic Ukraine
Під час доповіді відповімо на питання, навіщо потрібно підвищувати продуктивність аплікації і які є найефективніші способи для цього. А також поговоримо про те, що таке кеш, які його види бувають та, основне — як знайти performance bottleneck?
Відео та деталі заходу: https://bit.ly/45tILxj
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
What is an RPA CoE? Session 2 – CoE RolesDianaGray10
In this session, we will review the players involved in the CoE and how each role impacts opportunities.
Topics covered:
• What roles are essential?
• What place in the automation journey does each role play?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
Getting the Most Out of ScyllaDB Monitoring: ShareChat's TipsScyllaDB
ScyllaDB monitoring provides a lot of useful information. But sometimes it’s not easy to find the root of the problem if something is wrong or even estimate the remaining capacity by the load on the cluster. This talk shares our team's practical tips on: 1) How to find the root of the problem by metrics if ScyllaDB is slow 2) How to interpret the load and plan capacity for the future 3) Compaction strategies and how to choose the right one 4) Important metrics which aren’t available in the default monitoring setup.
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Keywords: AI, Containeres, Kubernetes, Cloud Native
Event Link: https://meine.doag.org/events/cloudland/2024/agenda/#agendaId.4211
MySQL InnoDB Storage Engine: Deep Dive - MydbopsMydbops
This presentation, titled "MySQL - InnoDB" and delivered by Mayank Prasad at the Mydbops Open Source Database Meetup 16 on June 8th, 2024, covers dynamic configuration of REDO logs and instant ADD/DROP columns in InnoDB.
This presentation dives deep into the world of InnoDB, exploring two ground-breaking features introduced in MySQL 8.0:
• Dynamic Configuration of REDO Logs: Enhance your database's performance and flexibility with on-the-fly adjustments to REDO log capacity. Unleash the power of the snake metaphor to visualize how InnoDB manages REDO log files.
• Instant ADD/DROP Columns: Say goodbye to costly table rebuilds! This presentation unveils how InnoDB now enables seamless addition and removal of columns without compromising data integrity or incurring downtime.
Key Learnings:
• Grasp the concept of REDO logs and their significance in InnoDB's transaction management.
• Discover the advantages of dynamic REDO log configuration and how to leverage it for optimal performance.
• Understand the inner workings of instant ADD/DROP columns and their impact on database operations.
• Gain valuable insights into the row versioning mechanism that empowers instant column modifications.
Introducing BoxLang : A new JVM language for productivity and modularity!Ortus Solutions, Corp
Just like life, our code must adapt to the ever changing world we live in. From one day coding for the web, to the next for our tablets or APIs or for running serverless applications. Multi-runtime development is the future of coding, the future is to be dynamic. Let us introduce you to BoxLang.
Dynamic. Modular. Productive.
BoxLang redefines development with its dynamic nature, empowering developers to craft expressive and functional code effortlessly. Its modular architecture prioritizes flexibility, allowing for seamless integration into existing ecosystems.
Interoperability at its Core
With 100% interoperability with Java, BoxLang seamlessly bridges the gap between traditional and modern development paradigms, unlocking new possibilities for innovation and collaboration.
Multi-Runtime
From the tiny 2m operating system binary to running on our pure Java web server, CommandBox, Jakarta EE, AWS Lambda, Microsoft Functions, Web Assembly, Android and more. BoxLang has been designed to enhance and adapt according to it's runnable runtime.
The Fusion of Modernity and Tradition
Experience the fusion of modern features inspired by CFML, Node, Ruby, Kotlin, Java, and Clojure, combined with the familiarity of Java bytecode compilation, making BoxLang a language of choice for forward-thinking developers.
Empowering Transition with Transpiler Support
Transitioning from CFML to BoxLang is seamless with our JIT transpiler, facilitating smooth migration and preserving existing code investments.
Unlocking Creativity with IDE Tools
Unleash your creativity with powerful IDE tools tailored for BoxLang, providing an intuitive development experience and streamlining your workflow. Join us as we embark on a journey to redefine JVM development. Welcome to the era of BoxLang.
The Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) invited Taylor Paschal, Knowledge & Information Management Consultant at Enterprise Knowledge, to speak at a Knowledge Management Lunch and Learn hosted on June 12, 2024. All Office of Administration staff were invited to attend and received professional development credit for participating in the voluntary event.
The objectives of the Lunch and Learn presentation were to:
- Review what KM ‘is’ and ‘isn’t’
- Understand the value of KM and the benefits of engaging
- Define and reflect on your “what’s in it for me?”
- Share actionable ways you can participate in Knowledge - - Capture & Transfer
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor IvaniukFwdays
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
From Natural Language to Structured Solr Queries using LLMsSease
This talk draws on experimentation to enable AI applications with Solr. One important use case is to use AI for better accessibility and discoverability of the data: while User eXperience techniques, lexical search improvements, and data harmonization can take organizations to a good level of accessibility, a structural (or “cognitive” gap) remains between the data user needs and the data producer constraints.
That is where AI – and most importantly, Natural Language Processing and Large Language Model techniques – could make a difference. This natural language, conversational engine could facilitate access and usage of the data leveraging the semantics of any data source.
The objective of the presentation is to propose a technical approach and a way forward to achieve this goal.
The key concept is to enable users to express their search queries in natural language, which the LLM then enriches, interprets, and translates into structured queries based on the Solr index’s metadata.
This approach leverages the LLM’s ability to understand the nuances of natural language and the structure of documents within Apache Solr.
The LLM acts as an intermediary agent, offering a transparent experience to users automatically and potentially uncovering relevant documents that conventional search methods might overlook. The presentation will include the results of this experimental work, lessons learned, best practices, and the scope of future work that should improve the approach and make it production-ready.
LF Energy Webinar: Carbon Data Specifications: Mechanisms to Improve Data Acc...DanBrown980551
This LF Energy webinar took place June 20, 2024. It featured:
-Alex Thornton, LF Energy
-Hallie Cramer, Google
-Daniel Roesler, UtilityAPI
-Henry Richardson, WattTime
In response to the urgency and scale required to effectively address climate change, open source solutions offer significant potential for driving innovation and progress. Currently, there is a growing demand for standardization and interoperability in energy data and modeling. Open source standards and specifications within the energy sector can also alleviate challenges associated with data fragmentation, transparency, and accessibility. At the same time, it is crucial to consider privacy and security concerns throughout the development of open source platforms.
This webinar will delve into the motivations behind establishing LF Energy’s Carbon Data Specification Consortium. It will provide an overview of the draft specifications and the ongoing progress made by the respective working groups.
Three primary specifications will be discussed:
-Discovery and client registration, emphasizing transparent processes and secure and private access
-Customer data, centering around customer tariffs, bills, energy usage, and full consumption disclosure
-Power systems data, focusing on grid data, inclusive of transmission and distribution networks, generation, intergrid power flows, and market settlement data