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Nuclear reactors are designed to generate electricity through nuclear fission. The core holds nuclear fuel rods and control rods, and uses coolant to generate steam that turns turbines to produce electricity. When uranium-239 is split in the active reactor zone, it produces plutonium-239 through a fission reaction harness by Einstein's equation relating mass and energy. Cooling towers then cool the steam for recycling in the process.
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This document provides an overview of a thermal power plant. It begins by classifying power plants by their fuel sources and prime movers. It then introduces thermal power plants, explaining that they convert the heat energy of coal into electrical energy using a boiler to produce steam that drives a turbine connected to a generator. The document outlines the typical layout and main equipment of a thermal power plant, including coal handling, the boiler, turbine, condenser, and other auxiliary systems. It discusses advantages and limitations of thermal plants and considerations for site selection. Finally, it provides details on several major thermal power plants located in Rajasthan, India.
How does coal generate electricity?
Coal is mined, crushed into a fine powder, and burned in a boiler to produce steam. The steam powers a turbine which spins a generator to produce electricity. The electricity is then sent through power lines to substations and distributed to homes.
Thermal Power Energy
Thermal power plants generate electricity through the combustion of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas, and petroleum to produce steam that spins turbines connected to electrical generators. Thermal power currently provides over 40% of the world's energy and nearly two-thirds of global electricity. A typical thermal power plant first uses fuel to boil water and produce high-pressure steam, then the steam spins turbines connected to generators to produce electricity, and finally the steam is condensed back into water to repeat the process.
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This document provides a summary of a seminar presentation about the main parts of a thermal power plant. The summary includes:
- An overview of the key components of a thermal power plant, including the coal handling plant, boiler, turbine generator, transformers, and switchyard.
- Descriptions of the main functions of the boiler, including converting coal energy into steam and heating feedwater and steam.
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This document provides an overview of the Kahalgaon Thermal Power Plant and its key components and processes. It describes how coal is transported to the plant by rail and crushed before being pulverized and burned in the boiler to create steam. The steam then powers a turbine connected to a generator to produce electricity. Important components discussed include the boiler, superheater, reheater, condenser, cooling tower, and economizer. The document also provides specifications for the 210MW turbo generator units including voltage, current, power factor, and speed.
ppt on NTPC kahalgaon ,bhagalpur ( bihar) BY AKHILESH & PRIYESH
This document provides an overview of a summer training presentation on the National Thermal Power Plant in Kahalgaon, Bihar, India. It was submitted by an engineering student to their professor. The presentation covers the plant's coal handling system, boiler and auxiliary systems, turbine system, ash handling system, and off-site maintenance departments. It includes descriptions of the equipment used in coal handling, the boiler maintenance department, turbine maintenance, and ash handling. It also provides background on NTPC, the company that operates the plant, and details on the plant's layout and specifications.
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India relies heavily on thermal power plants, which generate around 75% of its electrical power. A typical steam power plant works on the Rankine cycle, using a boiler to produce high-pressure steam that is expanded in a turbine to generate electricity. It then condenses the steam back into water to be returned to the boiler, completing the cycle. The key components are the coal handling system, boiler, turbine, alternator, condenser, and cooling system. Thermal power currently accounts for over 95,000 MW of India's installed capacity of around 161,000 MW.
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Coal-fired power plants burn pulverized coal to generate steam that spins turbines connected to generators, producing electricity. However, coal combustion emits several air pollutants like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide, and mercury. These pollutants can damage the environment and human health by contributing to acid rain, smog, and health issues like heart and lung disease. While coal is abundant and cheaper than other fossil fuels, coal-fired power presents ongoing challenges around reducing harmful emissions to balance economic and environmental concerns over this major source of electricity.
Ppt on tenughat thermal power plant
Tenughat Thermal Power Station (TTPS) is a 420MW power plant located in Jharkhand, India. It requires approximately 7000 metric tons of coal per day supplied by nearby mines. The plant uses a coal handling system to transport coal to two 210MW boiler and turbine units that generate power. Steam produced in the boilers drives turbines connected to generators to produce electricity, which is stepped up and transmitted through a switchyard. The control room monitors and regulates operation of the plant's major components and systems.
Nuclear power!
Nuclear power plants generate electricity through a process called nuclear fission. Fission occurs when certain atoms, such as uranium, are split, releasing heat. This heat is used to boil water and produce steam, which spins turbines that generate electricity. Nuclear reactors contain fuel rods that undergo fission, and the reactors are designed with multiple safety features like thick concrete walls to prevent radiation release. Nuclear power produces relatively low carbon emissions but faces challenges with radioactive waste disposal and risks of accidents.
nuclear power plant
The document discusses various topics related to nuclear power plants including:
1) Nuclear fuel such as Uranium-235 and Plutonium-239 that can undergo fission chain reactions to produce energy.
2) How nuclear fission of heavy elements like Uranium releases heat and how this can be used to create a sustained nuclear chain reaction in a nuclear reactor.
3) The basic components of a nuclear power plant including the nuclear reactor, control rods, steam generators, turbines, pumps and cooling towers.
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In this modern world the dependency on electricity is so much that it has become the part of our life. This is achieved with the help of suitable power generating stations, known as POWER PLANTS.
TENUGHAT THERMAL POWER STATION, T.T.P.S. LALPANIA
The document provides details about the Tenughat Thermal Power Station located in Lalpania, Jharkhand. It has an installed capacity of 420 MW from two 210 MW units that use coal from nearby mines. The power station uses a Rankine cycle with a steam turbine connected to a generator. It has a coal handling plant, boiler, economizer, water treatment plant, and ash handling plant as its main components. The boiler uses tubes to transfer heat from hot gases to water to produce steam. The steam then powers the turbine which spins the generator to produce electricity.
95066866 types-of-nuclear-reactors
There are several types of nuclear reactors classified by their operation, purpose, fuel, and coolant. Reactors are either thermalized, which slow neutrons, or fast reactors. Their purpose can be power production, fuel conversion, breeding more fuel (breeder reactors), or research. Breeder reactors produce more fissile plutonium than they consume. Reactors also differ in whether they use solid, liquid, or gas fuels and water, heavy water, liquid metals like sodium, or gases like carbon dioxide as coolants. The most common reactor types are light water reactors (using regular water), boiling water reactors, and pressurized heavy water reactors.
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ppt on NTPC kahalgaon ,bhagalpur ( bihar) BY AKHILESH & PRIYESH
ppt on NTPC kahalgaon ,bhagalpur ( bihar) BY AKHILESH & PRIYESH
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Lattice Energy LLC - Scalability of LENR power generation systems - Nov 29 2015
Lattice shows how LENR power generation systems could someday scale-up from today’s primitive milliwatt thermal devices to kwh and megawatts of electrical output.
In this PowerPoint presentation, we outline how substantial scale-up of LENR (safe ultralow energy neutron reactions) power generation systems from today’s primitive milliwatt thermal devices to kwh and megawatts is a feasible goal in the near-future. LENR reactors would be vastly smaller and less expensive than equivalent fission counterparts with comparable thermal output.
D-T fusion reactors like ITER and other similar Tokamaks mainly create heat by harvesting the kinetic energy of deadly 14.1 MeV neutrons. Consequently, they require massive shielding and containment systems for safe operation and unsurprisingly have enormous costs and unavoidably huge physical size. Given that the radiation-free Lithium LENR fuel cycle releases nearly 27 MeV versus a total Q-value of 17.6 MeV for the D-T fusion reaction, it is hard to imagine a sound economic argument for spending 100s of billions on commercial fusion reactors if LENR technology is successfully developed and scaled-up as we have outlined herein.
Lack of hard radiation and radioactive wastes permit downward scalability that could enable future development of revolutionary, compact battery-like portable LENR power sources that can compete directly on $ price/kwh with chemical batteries in many applications including power tools, tablets, and smartphones.
Nuclear energy
Nuclear energy is the energy stored in the nucleus of an atom and released through fission, fusion, or radioactivity. It is produced naturally in stars and man-made in nuclear reactors. There are two main types of nuclear reactions that produce energy - nuclear fission which splits large nuclei, and nuclear fusion which combines small nuclei. Nuclear energy has applications in electric power generation, medicine, scientific research, food and agriculture, and space. However, nuclear disasters like Chernobyl and Fukushima have shown the dangers, with loss of life and long-term effects on the environment.
nuclear power plant
Nuclear power plants generate electricity through a process of nuclear fission. Uranium atoms are mined, enriched, and formed into ceramic pellets that are bundled into fuel rods. When the fuel rods are placed in the reactor, neutrons cause the uranium atoms to split and release heat. This heat is used to boil water into steam which spins turbines that generate electricity. Reactors are designed with multiple safety features like thick concrete and steel containment structures to prevent radiation release.
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Lattice published document to stimulate interest in further developing this new approach to propulsion
Please note that this technical discussion presumes that further progress will be made on commercially fabricating and triggering μ-scale LENR-active sites on planar substrate surfaces and on non-planar surfaces of purpose-engineered nanoparticles comprised of multiple elements and varied isotopes
Unique properties of so called “dusty plasmas” are key to operation of this exciting application in LENR technology; these plasmas were appreciated only relatively recently, so the bulk of relevant literature about such plasmas is mostly less than 25 years old
Unlike hypersonic Lockheed Martin SR-72 UAV, Lattice would integrate an LENR dusty plasma scramjet engine with an LENR-powered 50+% efficient Brayton combined cycle turbine that generates DC electricity for power
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Mitsubishi is presently pushing aggressively to increase LENR transmutation rates and product yields in laboratory devices. In a recent company technical bulletin, the company revealed that transmutation product yields had been increased by nearly 3 orders of magnitude in 3 years by shifting from gas to electrochemical permeation through a thin-film metal-oxide sandwich structure (see slides #34 - 36). Interestingly, to achieve this increase in yields, MHI unknowingly followed guidelines that were already spelled-out in a Widom-Larsen theory rate calculation paper published back in 2007 (slide #33).
Since MHI is also using semiconductor-like fabrication methods, cleanrooms, and some nanotech to build devices and increase transmutation product yields, it begs the question of whether there are any parallels between today’s primitive LENR devices and the historical development of transistors in the semiconductor industry. Well, there are.
Slides #37 – 43 explain how --- in certain ways --- LENR active sites really do resemble electronic transistors used in microchips. I also discuss what this unexpected similarity may mean for future development and commercialization of LENRs for power generation. Amazingly, some aspects of future transistors and LENR device technology will probably converge and perhaps even strongly overlap.
Lattice Energy LLC - Production of Gold via LENR transmutation of Platinum in...
Presently, unbeknownst to unsuspecting drivers worldwide, green LENR transmutation processes are occurring at very low rates during operation of three-way catalytic converters installed in over a billion cars and trucks.
Radiation-free nuclear transmutation of chemical elements by LENRs inside catalytic converters is strongly indicated by the presence of anomalous Gold, excess radiogenic Osmium, and shifts toward heavier isotopes that have been reported in Platinum and Palladium found in micron-scale nanoparticles that are emitted from vehicle exhaust pipes.
Extensive sampling and chemical analysis of certain roadway dust and roadside soils by environmental scientists have revealed that in scattered locations nanoparticulate Gold emitted from motor vehicle exhaust has accumulated to the point where local concentrations of this precious metal nearing key minimum threshold of 0.5 ppm needed for economic Gold ore.
This surprising nuclear activity in ubiquitous catalytic converters and absence of deleterious consequences for drivers or Earth’s environment argue that world is already safely coexisting with LENRs. This supports idea that LENRs could potentially be a very attractive future source of green nuclear energy if the technology is successfully commercialized.
Lattice Energy LLC - Revolutionary LENRs Could Power Future Aircraft and Oth...
Technologists at NASA, Boeing, and California Polytechnic have been investigating alluring possibility of using ‘green’ low energy nuclear reactions (LENRs) to power future aircraft.
Large Japanese companies such as Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Toyota, among others, have active R&D programs and patent filings in LENRs and are publishing some of their experimental results in peer-reviewed science and engineering journals. It appears likely that their ultimate goal is to replace the internal combustion engine.
After decades of inaction and benign neglect, incredibly cautious and conservative U.S. Dept. of Energy has belatedly recognized LENRs; it is now willing to entertain proposals for modest amounts of funding through its transformational technology breakthrough arm, ARPA-E.
LENRs could revolutionize the world as we know it today if the technology is successfully commercialized and scales-up to several hundred kWh from just Watts today in laboratory devices; megawatt power outputs are only required for a small percentage of applications
Widom-Larsen theory explains device physics behind LENRs; it is published and fully consistent with a large body of peer-reviewed, published experimental data. Altogether, this implies that commercialization of the technology is possible and in fact likely. That said, non-trivial engineering lies between small, unreliable milliwatt laboratory devices of today and scaled-up high performance multi-kilowatt commercial products of tomorrow. Somebody or somebodies, somewhere, will eventually succeed --- Lattice will play a role in this process.
Atomic energy
This document provides an overview of nuclear energy, including:
- Nuclear fission and fusion reactions and how they are carried out to produce energy.
- The types of nuclear reactors including light water reactors, pressurized heavy water reactors, and fast breeder reactors.
- The common components of nuclear reactors such as moderators, control rods, coolants, turbines and generators.
- The advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power generation.
Lattice Energy LLC - Adequate reasonably priced dispatchable power generation...
Adequate reasonably priced dispatchable power generation is critical for every country’s energy security.
Renewable energy sources sometimes unable to fill total national demand for electric power because they are intermittent. Unusual European weather in December 2016 demonstrated that Germany’s Energiewende (energy transition) as idealistically envisioned by its many supporters may be impractical.
“One cannot simultaneously rely on massive amounts of wind and sunshine, dispense with nuclear power plants, significantly lower the supply of fossil energy, and nevertheless tell people that electricity will definitely be available in the future.” Quoted from article by Heiner Flassbeck, a prominent German economist, that was published on January 10, 2017
It is thus apparent that national energy security, 99+ % grid uptime availability, and reasonably priced electricity for retail consumers could be jeopardized in countries that don’t have adequate dispatchable power generation capacity.
Electricity shortfalls from renewable wind and solar energy sources are today covered by dispatchable fossil fuel and fission power plants --- if fossil fuels and fission are then phased-out, then what will replace them?
Radiation-free ultralow energy neutron reactions (LENRs) could potentially provide an alternative nuclear technology to fission and fusion. While LENRs do use safe ultralow energy neutrons to trigger release of nuclear binding energy (heat) from an enormous array of stable element target fuels, they are radically different from Uranium and Thorium fission reactors that require criticality to operate properly. Unlike fission, LENRs don’t involve multiplicative chain reactions with fuels that in turn release multiple neutrons which then explosively accelerate neutron production --- nuclear runaways are not a risk with LENRs.
D-T fusion reactors like ITER and other similar Tokamaks mainly produce heat by harvesting the kinetic energy of deadly 14.1 MeV energetic neutrons. Consequently, they require massive shielding and containment systems for safe operation and unsurprisingly have enormous costs and unavoidably huge physical size. Given that the Lithium LENR fuel cycle releases nearly 27 MeV versus a total Q-value of 17.6 MeV for the D-T fusion reaction, it is hard to imagine a sound economic argument for spending 100s of billions on commercial fusion reactors if LENR technology were successfully developed and scaled-up as outlined herein.
Lack of hard radiation and radioactive wastes permit downward scalability that could enable future development of revolutionary, compact battery-like portable LENR power sources that can compete directly on $ price/kwh with chemical batteries in many applications including power tools, tablets, and smartphones.
Nuclear energy
Nuclear energy works through nuclear fission, where uranium-235 is split in a nuclear reactor, generating heat. This heat is used to boil water and create steam that powers generators to produce electricity. Key advantages are that it is an energy-dense source that produces reliable base-load power with low greenhouse gas emissions. Disadvantages include nuclear waste, decommissioning costs, and safety risks from meltdowns. Overall, nuclear energy provides society with cheap, efficient electricity while creating jobs through global interest in the technology.
Nuclear power plant
Electricity was first generated by a nuclear reactor in 1951 in the US. The world's first nuclear power plant to power a grid was built in 1954 in the USSR. The first commercial nuclear power station opened in 1956 in England. India's first nuclear power plant, Tarapur Atomic Power Station, opened in 1969 and housed two 160 MW reactors, the first in Asia. Nuclear power currently generates 4,780 MW in India from 20 reactors, with 5 more plants under construction. India plans to significantly expand nuclear power to 64,000 MW by 2032.
Nuclear energy
This document discusses nuclear energy and its uses. It describes how nuclear fission and fusion work to produce energy. Nuclear fission splits atoms to release energy, which is used in nuclear power plants. Nuclear fusion joins atoms together and occurs in the sun. The basic principle of a nuclear power plant is to produce heat energy through a nuclear fission core, which then converts it to mechanical and electrical energy. The document also lists some advantages like large energy production and lack of air pollution, and disadvantages such as radiation, non-renewability, and accidents.
Nuclear Power
The document discusses nuclear power and nuclear reactors. It provides information on the types of nuclear reactors used worldwide including pressurized water reactors (PWR), boiling water reactors (BWR), and pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWR). It also discusses nuclear power plants in various countries like the US, France, Japan, South Korea, and provides statistics on nuclear power reactors operating and under construction worldwide.
Nuclear power plant
The document discusses the importance of nuclear power plants in India. It provides details on the basic concepts of nuclear reactions, fission, and chain reactions. It then describes the key components of a nuclear power plant including the reactor core, moderator, control rods, coolant, and reflector. Several types of power reactors are discussed - boiling water reactors, pressurized water reactors, and heavy water reactors. The document outlines India's nuclear program and goals to increase nuclear power generation to meet the country's energy needs.
Nuclear energy
Nuclear energy is generated from nuclear fission or fusion reactions. Fission of heavy radioactive elements like uranium and plutonium produces heat that is used to generate electricity in nuclear power plants. Fusion combines light elements and occurs in the sun but cannot currently be used to generate electricity. Nuclear energy has advantages of low emissions but disadvantages of high costs and radioactive waste storage issues. India has a three-stage nuclear program utilizing thorium and aims to increase its nuclear energy capacity.
Lattice Energy LLC - Synopsis of book titled Fusion Fiasco by Steven Krivit p...
Synopsis of Steve Krivit’s book “Fusion Fiasco” in context of the Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs:
By late October 1989 Dr. Edward Teller, ‘father’ of the first Hydrogen bomb, was apparently convinced Pons & Fleischmann had discovered a little-understood nuclear process that could operate in ordinary electrochemical cells. Bizarre absence of deadly hard radiation indicated to him that P&F’s puzzling results probably weren’t caused by a fusion process. After seeing all the ERAB panel’s data, he further speculated that the underlying process was very likely nuclear and possibly catalyzed by “neutral particle of small mass and marginal stability” that was somewhat akin to a neutron. Krivit reveals how his prescient insights were ignored by the DOE ERAB panel and then effectively buried for 27 years.
Nuclear power plant
Nuclear power plants generate electricity through nuclear fission. In a pressurized water reactor (PWR), heat from nuclear fission is used to heat water and produce steam to turn turbines and generate electricity. The steam does not come into contact with radioactive materials. Nuclear power plants produce far more energy from uranium fuel than fossil fuel plants and produce no greenhouse gases, but nuclear waste requires careful storage and disposal.
Nuclear energy powerpoint.
Nuclear power plants produce electricity through nuclear fission, which is the splitting of uranium atom nuclei. This releases a large amount of energy that is used to heat water and produce steam that spins turbines to generate electricity. While nuclear energy produces few greenhouse gas emissions, it generates radioactive nuclear waste that is difficult to store and remains dangerous for thousands of years. The economics of nuclear power are impacted by its high capital costs to build plants, but also low fuel costs over the plant's lifetime.
nuclear reactors
A nuclear reactor uses controlled nuclear fission to generate heat, which can then be used to generate electricity. The document discusses the key components and functions of nuclear reactors, including how they achieve and control sustained nuclear chain reactions to produce heat and how that heat is then used to power steam turbines and generate electricity. It also categorizes and describes different types of nuclear reactor designs.
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3) Derived units are obtained by combining SI units, like density which is mass divided by volume.
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The document discusses different types of carbonyl compounds including aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. It covers their structures, naming conventions, properties, examples and how they are related through oxidation-reduction reactions. Aldehydes contain a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen, while ketones have the carbonyl group bonded to two carbon groups. Carboxylic acids contain both a carbonyl and hydroxyl group. Esters are derivatives of carboxylic acids where the hydroxyl is replaced by an alkoxy group from an alcohol.
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Alcohols contain an -OH functional group called a hydroxyl group. They are classified based on the number of carbon groups attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxyl. Alcohols exhibit hydrogen bonding and solubility in water. Common alcohols include isopropyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, and ethanol. Ethers have the general formula R-O-R and are named by alphabetizing the two carbon groups. Examples include diethyl ether, which was historically used as an anesthetic.
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The document discusses different types of carbonyl compounds including aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. It provides their definitions and functional groups. Aldehydes have a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen, while ketones have the carbonyl group bonded to two carbons. Carboxylic acids contain both a carbonyl and hydroxyl group. Esters are derivatives of carboxylic acids where the hydroxyl is replaced by an alkoxy group from an alcohol. Oxidation and reduction reactions are also discussed, where oxidation involves a loss of hydrogen or gain of oxygen.
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Ch 16
Nuclear energy involves subatomic particles like protons, neutrons and electrons that make up atoms. Atoms of the same element have the same number of protons but can have different numbers of neutrons, forming isotopes. Unstable isotopes become stable through radioactive emissions like alpha, beta, and gamma radiation of varying penetrating power that can be stopped by materials like skin, foil or concrete.
Ch 16 notes env.bio
This document contains questions about atomic structure, radioactivity, nuclear fission reactions, nuclear reactors, and nuclear waste. It asks about the subatomic particles that make up atoms, isotopes, radioactive decay, and the three types of radiation. It also asks about the process of nuclear fission, including what it is, what it produces, and how it can be depicted in a diagram. Finally, it addresses nuclear waste storage and disposal issues, as well as some historical nuclear accidents and their causes and impacts.
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Fission and fusion are two types of nuclear reactions. Fission involves splitting heavy nuclei like U-235, releasing energy. It can be uncontrolled, as in atomic bombs, or controlled in nuclear power plants using moderators and control rods. Fusion combines light nuclei like hydrogen into heavier elements like helium and releases even more energy, but requires extremely high temperatures found in stars like the sun or experimental facilities on Earth.
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This document summarizes key aspects of nuclear radiation and radioactive decay:
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28.4
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This document discusses different types of hydrocarbon compounds. Cyclic hydrocarbons contain carbon chains attached to form rings, and are called "cyclo-" compounds. Aromatic hydrocarbons contain unsaturated carbon rings called arenes, with the simplest being benzene. Benzene has a six-carbon ring with alternating single and double bonds, and exhibits resonance due to the location of these bonds. Benzene derivatives are possible by substituting the ring with other groups like methyl, ethyl, or multiple groups including ortho, meta, and para positions.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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16.2
- 1. Nuclear Reactor & Reactions 16.2
- 2. E=mc2 Einstein’s equation- mass and energy are interchangeable
- 6. Designed to generate electricity Core- holds fuel, control rods, coolant Steam generator- pressure is dropped, water boils to make steam Turbine- steam turns turbine which generates electricity Cooling towers- pumps water to cool steam which gets recycled back to generator
- 7. 1 – control rods 2 – reactor cover 3 – reactor chassis 4 – inlet and outlet nozzles 5 – reactor vessel 6 – active reactor zone 7 – fuel rods
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