Coal-fired power plants burn pulverized coal to generate steam that spins turbines connected to generators, producing electricity. However, coal combustion emits several air pollutants like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide, and mercury. These pollutants can damage the environment and human health by contributing to acid rain, smog, and health issues like heart and lung disease. While coal is abundant and cheaper than other fossil fuels, coal-fired power presents ongoing challenges around reducing harmful emissions to balance economic and environmental concerns over this major source of electricity.