The document provides details about the Tenughat Thermal Power Station located in Lalpania, Jharkhand. It has an installed capacity of 420 MW from two 210 MW units that use coal from nearby mines. The power station uses a Rankine cycle with a steam turbine connected to a generator. It has a coal handling plant, boiler, economizer, water treatment plant, and ash handling plant as its main components. The boiler uses tubes to transfer heat from hot gases to water to produce steam. The steam then powers the turbine which spins the generator to produce electricity.

1. DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
PRESENTATION ON TENUGHAT THERMAL
POWER STATION, LALPANIA
SUBMMITED TO :- GURU GOBIND SINGH
EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY’S TECHNICAL CAMPUS,
BOKARO
SUBMMITED BY:-
AVINASH KUMAR
14400019
(2014-2018)

2. TENUGHAT THERMAL POWER STATION :-
ABOUT PLANT:-
Tenughat Thermal Power Station is a project which was run under Tenughat
Vidyut Nigam Limited(TVNL). TVNL is a power generating company incorporated on
26.11.1987 under Indian Company’s Act, 1956. TVNL a Govt. of Jharkhand
Undertaking is having its Head Quarter at Ranchi.
Tenughat Thermal Power Station(TTPS) is located at village Lalpania in Dist.
Bokaro. The project is situated on the bank of Tenughat reservoir. The nearest
railway station is Gomia which was at a distance of 20KM (approx) and the nearest
airport is Ranchi which was at distance of 100KM (approx) by road. The project site
of Lalpania has a well developed colony with essential facilities like school, hospital,
bank, post office, marketing complex, etc.
The total installed capacity of Tenughat Thermal Power Station is 420 MW
having two units of 210 MW capacity each. The first unit of 210 MW was per under
commercial operation in September, 1996 and second unit of 210 MW in
September, 1997.
The daily requirement of coal for full load generation from its 2x210 MW units
is approximately 7000 MTs which was met from coal mines of CCL situated in the
vicinity of plant within 50 kms.
The organization is being managed by dedicated & component team of 615
employees.

3. TTPS has an acquired land of 180 acres (approx). The project was earlier
envisaged to be developed in three phases with an ultimate capacity of 1550 MW
(2x210 MW + 3x210 MW +1x500 MW).
TVNL has planned its feature expansion of existing site by addition of 2x660
MW units.
MAIN PARTS OF PLANT:-
• LAYOUT
• PRINCIPLE
• COAL HANDLING PLANT
• BOILER
• ECONOMIZER
• STEAM TURBINE
• GENERTOR
• WATER TREATMENT PLANT
• ASH HANDLING PLANT
• CONTROL ROOM
• SWITCH YARD (GCR)
PLANT LAYOUT:-

4. PRINCIPLE:-
RANKINE CYCLE
The Principle of Thermal Power Plant is based on Rankine Cycle. For
each process in the vapour power cycle, it is possible to assume a hypothetical or
ideal process which represent the basic intended operation and involves no
extraneous effect. For the steam boiler, this would be a reversible constant
pressure heating process of water to form steam, for the turbine the ideal process
would be reversible adiabatic expansion of steam, for the condenser it would be a
reversible constant pressure heat rejection as the steam condenses till it becomes
Saturated liquid, and for the pump, the ideal process would be reversible adiabatic
compression of this liquid ending at the initial pressure. When all these four process
are ideal, the cycle is an ideal cycle, called a Rankine Cycle. This is also known as
Reversible Cycle.

5. COAL HANDLING PLANT (CHP):-
Objective of CHP is to supply the quanta of processed coal to
bunker of coal mills for boiler operation and to stack the coal to coal storage area.
Coal is hard black or dark brown sedimentary rock formed by the decomposition of
plant material, widely used as fuel. A piece of coal is called Coal Lumps. Mostly E
and F grade are used in the plant. There are two types of ways to get coal in the
plant (i) by road ways and (ii) the railways. The size of coal lumps is about 600mm.
This coal is fed to single rotary crusher and after that the size become 300mm. This
coal is again fed to double rotary crusher and after that the size become 80mm.
This coal again fed to crusher to become there is to 20mm. Then this coal is fed to
the coal mill for pulverization. Even when the bunker is full this coal is used for
stacking or storage of coal is coal storage area.
GRADES OF COAL:-
SR.
NO.
GRADES
OF
COALS
CAL. VALUE
Kcal/Kg
1 A More than 6200
2 B 5601-6200
3 C 4941-5600
4 D 4201-5900

6. 5 E 3361-4200
6 F 2401-3360
7 G 1301-2400
8 H Below 1300
BOILER:-
Definition of Boiler:-
Steam boiler or simply a boiler is basically a closed vessel into which water is
heated until the water is converted into steam at required pressure. This is most
basic definition of boiler.
Working Principle of Boiler:-
The basic working principle of boiler is very-very simple and easy to understand.
The boiler is essentially a closed vessel inside which water is stored. Fuel (generally
coal) is bunt in a furnace and hot gasses are produced. These hot gasses come in
contact with water vessel where the heat of these hot gases transfer to the water
and consequently steam is produced in the boiler.
Then this steam is piped to the turbine of thermal power plant. There are many
different types of boiler utilized for different purposes like running a production
unit, sanitizing some area, sterilizing equipment, to warm up the surroundings etc.

7. Steam Boiler Efficiency:-
The percentage of total heat exported by outlet steam in the total heat supplied by
the fuel (coal) is called steam boiler efficiency.
It
includes with thermal efficiency, combustion efficiency & fuel to steam
efficiency. Steam boiler efficiency depends upon the size of boiler used. A typical
efficiency of steam boiler is 80% to 88%. Actually there are some losses occur like
incomplete combustion, radiating loss occurs from steam boiler surrounding wall,
defective combustion gas etc. Hence, efficiency of steam boiler gives this result.
Types of Boiler:-
There are mainly two types of boiler – water tube boiler and fire tube boiler.
In fire tube boiler, there are numbers of tubes through which hot gases are passed
and water surrounds these tubes.
Water tube boiler is reverse of the fire tube boiler. In water tube boiler the water is
heated inside tubes and hot gasses surround these tubes.
These are the main two types of boiler but each of the types can be sub divided into
many which we will discuss later.
Fire Tube Boiler:-
As it indicated from the name, the fire tube boiler consists of numbers of tubes
through which hot gasses are passed. These hot gas tubes are immersed into
water, in a closed vessel. Actually in fire tube boiler one closed vessel or shell
contains water, through which hot tubes are passed. These fire tubes or hot gas
tubes heated up the water and convert the water into steam and the steam remains
in same vessel. As the water and steam both are in same vessel a fire tube boiler
cannot produce steam at very high pressure. Generally it can produce maximum
17.5 kg/cm2
and with a capacity of 9 Metric Ton of steam per hour.
Types of Fire Tube Boiler:-
There are different types of fire tube boiler likewise, external furnace and internal
furnace fire tube boiler.
External furnace boiler can be again categorized into three different types-
1. Horizontal Return Tubular Boiler.
2. Short Fire Box Boiler.
3. Compact Boiler.
Again, internal furnace fire tube boiler has also two main categories such as
horizontal tubular and vertical tubular fire tube boiler.
Normally horizontal return fire tube boiler is used in thermal power plant of low
capacity. It consists of a horizontal drum into which there are numbers of horizontal
tubes. These tubes are submerged in water. The fuel (normally coal) burnt below
these horizontal drum and the combustible gasses move to the rear from where
they enter into fire tubes and travel towards the front into the smoke box. During
this travel of gasses in tubes, they transfer their heat into the water and steam
bubbles come up. As steam is produced, the pressure of the boiler developed, in
that closed vessel.
Advantages of Fire Tube Boiler:-
1. It is quite compact in construction.
2. Fluctuation of steam demand can be met easily.

8. 3. It is also quite cheap.
Disadvantages of Fire Tube Boiler:-
1. As the water required for operation of the boiler is quite large, it requires long
time for rising steam at desired pressure.
2. As the water and steam are in same vessel the very high pressure of steam is
not possible.
3. The steam received from fire tube boiler is not very dry.
Water Tube Boiler:-
A water tube boiler is such kind of boiler where the water is heated inside tubes and
the hot gasses surround them. This is the basic definition of water tube boiler.
Actually this boiler is just opposite of fire tube boiler where hot gasses are passed
through tubes which are surrounded by water.
Types of Water Tube Boiler:-
There are many types of water tube boilers, such as
1. Horizontal Straight Tube Boiler.
2. Bent Tube Boiler.
3. Cyclone Fired Boiler.
Horizontal Straight Tube Boiler again can be sub - divided into two
different types,
1. Longitudinal Drum Water Tube Boiler.
2. Cross Drum Water Tube Boiler.
Bent Tube Boiler also can be sub divided into four different types,
1. Two Drum Bent Tube Boiler.
2. Three Drum Bent Tube Boiler.

9. 3. Low Head Three Drum Bent Tube Boiler.
4. Four Drum Bent Tube Boiler.
Advantages of Water Tube Boiler:-
There are many advantages of water tube boiler due to which these types of boiler
are essentially used in large thermal power plant.
1. Larger heating surface can be achieved by using more numbers of water tubes.
2. Due to convectional flow, movement of water is much faster than that of fire
tube boiler, hence rate of heat transfer is high which results into higher
efficiency.
3. Very high pressure in order of 140 kg/cm2
can be obtained smoothly.
Disadvantages of Water Tube Boiler:-
1. The main disadvantage of water tube boiler is that it is not compact in
construction.
2. Its cost is not cheap.
3. Size is a difficulty for transportation and construction.
Economizer:-
Economizers are basically tubular heat transfer surfaces used to preheat
boiler feed water before it enters the steam drum. By recovering the energy from
the flue gas before it is exhausted to the atmosphere this performs a key function
in providing high overall boiler thermal efficiency. The boiler room is a huge energy
guzzler. It consists of thermal fluid boilers or steam boiler, with exhaust gases
through a common chimney. An indirect contact or contact condensing economizer
will recover the residual heat from the combustion products. A series of dampers,
an efficient control system, as well as a ventilator, allow all or part of the
combustion products to pass through the economizer, depending on the demand for
make-up water and/or process water. The temperature of the gases can be lowered
from 200°C to 10°C, while preheating the process water from 8°C to 80°C. On
average over the years, boiler combustion efficiency has risen from 80% to more
than 95%. The efficiency of heat produced is directly linked to boiler efficiency. The
percentage of excess air and the temperature of the combustion products are two
key variables in evaluating this efficiency.

10. Economizer
STEAM TURBINE:-
A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from
pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft. Its
modern manifestation was invented by Sir Charles Parsons in 1884.
• Steam turbine convert a part of the energy of the steam evidenced by high
temperature and pressure into mechanical power-in turn electrical power.
• The steam from the boiler is expanded expanded in a nozzle, nozzle, resulting
resulting in the emission emission of a high velocity jet. This jet of steam impinges
on the moving vanes or blades, mounted on a shaft. Here it undergoes a change of
direction of motion which gives rise to a change in momentum and therefore a
force.
• The motive power in a steam turbine is obtained by the rate of change in
momentum of a high velocity jet of steam impinging on a curved blade which is free
to rotate.
• The conversion of energy in the blades takes place by impulse, reaction or
impulse reaction principle.
• Steam turbines are available in a few kW (as prime mover) to 1500 MW
• Impulse turbine are used for capacity up to

11. • Reaction turbines are used for capacity up to
Schematic of Rankine Reheat Cycle
GENERATOR:-

12. It converts mechanical power into electrical power.
PRINCIPLE- Electromechanical energy conversion.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION-
Active output - 110 MW
Power factor – 0.85 lag
Excitation voltage - 230 Volt
Rated voltage – 11 KV
Rated speed – 3000 rpm
Phase connection – star-star
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPATOR:-
Used for the removal of suspended particles and fly ash from industrial flue gases
PRINCIPLE- Produces an electrostatic field which attracts the ionized carbon
particles and other such particulates which cause environmental pollution.

13. SWITCHYARD:-
Main Equipment Of Switchyard
 Bus Bar
 Bus Coupler
 Isolating switch
 Earthling Switch
 Lightning Arrester
 Current & Potential Transformer (CT&PT)
 Circuit Breaker
 Capacitive Voltage Transformer (CVT)

14. CONTROL ROOM

15. CONCLUSION:-
The first stage of training is quite fruitful and knowledgeable.we see lots of heavy
machines like generator,turbine,wagon trippler e.t.c. we also see switchyard which
makes us know about transmission and distribution and various connections.The
architecture of powerplant make us to realise that it is not only to learn about
machine and its structure but the great part is how to maintain and manage it and
without proper planning it is not possible. Basically during this period we learn
everything about management and operation of power plant.

16. REFERENCE:-
 TTPS (www.tvnlonline.com)
 Wikipedia
 Engineering Thermodynamics by “P K NAG”