Simple presentation on table of specification

1. Table of Specification
Overview and Educational
Application

2. Definition
• A Table of Specification (TOS) is a blueprint for
test construction. It aligns learning objectives
with assessment items to ensure content
validity.

3. Purpose
• Ensures balanced assessment coverage.
• Aligns cognitive levels with course objectives.
• Improves validity and fairness in examinations.

4. Key Components
• Learning objectives.
• Content areas.
• Cognitive levels (e.g., recall, application,
analysis).
• Weightage distribution.

5. Steps to Develop TOS
• Identify course objectives.
• Break down content areas.
• Assign cognitive levels.
• Determine weightage and number of items.
• Construct assessment items accordingly.

6. Sample Format
• Rows: Content areas.
• Columns: Cognitive levels.
• Cells: Number of items per category.
• Totals ensure proportional representation.