Ford Motor Company developed the 8D problem solving process to systematically tackle engineering problems. The 8D process involves 8 disciplines: recognizing the problem, establishing a team, describing the problem, containing the problem, identifying the root cause, choosing and verifying corrective actions, implementing and validating the corrective actions, and preventing future recurrences. The presentation outlines each step of the 8D process and provides examples of tools that can be used within each step, such as fishbone diagrams, 5 whys, and poke-yoke, to solve problems.

1. Presentation by Senthilkumar RMFor Internal Use Only
8D Invention
Ford Motor Company started a
problem solving process known as
8D
which takes
8 Disciplines
and uses them to tackle engineering problems

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Why to Go ?
• To Eliminate the cause of Detected Non conformity
• To protect the customer from receiving or
using nonconforming product
• Corrective action is taken to prevent recurrence

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Why 8D ?
• 8D is a structured approach to solving problems
• Fact Based
Data Collection & Analysis
• Tests progress and results
Verify & Validate
• Documented
History – An information database
Anticipate future problems
Prevent recurrence

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8D Flow

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D0 : Recognize the problem
• Determining the structure of a problem assists in the
selection of the correct tools to use.
• It may give clues to the nature of the root causes

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D0 : Continued ..

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D1 : Establish Team
Establish a small group of people with the knowledge,
time, authority and skill to solve the problem and
implement corrective actions.
The group selects a team leader
• Cross Functional or Multi-Disciplinary
• Process Owner
• Technical Expert
• Others involved in the containment, analysis,
correction and prevention of the problem

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D2 : Problem Description
Problem statement = Object + concern + quantification
• Describe the problem in measurable terms.
• Specify the internal or external customer
Remember: A well defined problem is half solved!

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D3 : Containment Action
•Define and implement those intermediate actions that
Will protect the customer from the problem
until permanent corrective action is implemented.
•Verify with data the effectiveness of these actions.

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D4 : Identify Root Cause
• Identify potential causes which could explain why
the problem occurred.
• Test each potential cause against the problem
description and data.
• Identify alternative corrective actions to eliminate
root cause.
• Tools Used - 5Why ; Fishbone ; Scatter

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D5 : Choose and verify Corrective action
• After root causes and possible corrective actions
have been identified, select the corrective actions
that will permanently correct the problem.
• Decision analysis may be needed if the choice is
not obvious.
• Verify that the selected corrective actions will
resolve the problem
•Tools used : Poke – Yoke

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D6 : Implement and Validate CA
• Implementation can proceed when best
corrective action has been selected & verified.
• An effective implementation plan reduces
problems.
• Validation is obtained by tracking performance
over time after implementation to ensure the
corrections are permanent.

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D7 : Prevent System Recurrence
• Implement the corrective actions in other
potentially affected areas
• Ensure the systems that allowed the problem to
occur and escape have been corrected
• The problem is now Solved & requiring a larger
scale continual improvement project of some type

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D8 : Congratulate the Team
• Recognize the collective efforts of your team.
• Publicize your achievement.
• Share your knowledge and learning.

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Quick Ponder !!
• What is D Stands for in 8D?
• Who invented in 8D?
• Title 8D ?
Thank you all !!