This document discusses several key topics in philosophy of AI: 1. It examines debates around whether machines can think intelligently and behave like humans. Philosophers disagree on issues like consciousness and emotions in machines. 2. It outlines Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics which propose ethical guidelines for robots to not harm humans and obey human orders. 3. It lists areas where AI is applied like knowledge representation, reasoning, games, and robotics. Academic disciplines related to AI research are also mentioned.

1. Philosophy of AI
Syed noman ali
Lecturer
1

2. AI
• Souls are virtual machine implemented in bodies.
• able to interact with people through dialog
• How to train the robot to interact with environment.
• Self driving autonomous virtual machine are built.
• Enables function too see foresight with environment.
2

3. Philosophy of AI
Brain just do x but it does not know what x is.
Brain causes the mind or not .
Is brain is working like C.P.U
How machine can think about itself.
A.I is impossible or immoral .
3

4. What AI does?
– Knowledge Representation
– Reasoning
– Search
– Cognitive Modeling
– Planning
– Games
– Diagnosis
– Logic Programming
– Probabilistic Reasoning
– Genetic Algorithms
– Machine Learning
– Data Mining
– Natural Language Processing
– Information Retrieval
– Robotics and Perception
– Web Applications
4

5. Academic Disciplines
• Philosophy Logic, methods of reasoning, mind as physical
system, foundations of learning, language,
rationality.
• Mathematics Formal representation and proof, algorithms,
computation, (un)decidability, (in)tractability,
probability.
• Economics utility, decision theory, rational economic agents
• Neuroscience neurons as information processing units.
• Psychology/ how do people behave, perceive, process
Cognitive Science information, represent knowledge.
• Computer building fast computers
engineering
• Linguistics knowledge representation, grammar

6. Acting humanly: Turing Test
• Turing (1950) "Computing machinery and intelligence":
• "Can machines think?"  "Can machines behave intelligently?"
• Operational test for intelligent behavior: the Imitation Game
• Suggested major components of AI:
- knowledge representation
- reasoning,
- language/image understanding,
- learning
Can you think of a theoretical system that could beat the Turing test
yet you wouldn’t find it very intelligent?

7. Imitation game –Alan Turing
– A pretend to man while B pretend to be honest women
– C is in different room find out A or B during communicates
– C is an interrogator communicate by typewriter
– He provide result that man is replaced by machine
– If input /output behavior is equivalent we have same status of mind
7

8. Man is machine –Hobbes
– All creature are nothing more than physical substance.
– All universe is corporeal.
– Everything is because of cause and effect of law of motion.
– He was influenced by Galileo in theory law of motion.
– Life is but a motion of limb.
– All that material is real in human nature.
– Sensation involves a series of mechanical process of operating.
– Human are bound by the rules of nature like machine
programming.
– Human have limit to their mind
– Training of thought is limitation of mental capabilities like animals.
– Speech is the only thing that separate us from an animals.
– True or false are the attribute of machines.
8

9. Man is machine
9

10. Ghost in machine –Ryle
– Mind as the ghost in machine is false concept.
– Reduced the empire of the mind
– All thoughts are not necessary in the form of languages.
– I can know other mind but not our mind.
– Concept of dualism mind and body is the cause and effect.
– Different sort of cause and effect are from bodily movement.
– Nothing is known about how bodily engine is governed.
– Mind and matter are not same, mind is a part of body.
– virtual machine act according to processing information.
– Brain is machine if intelligence are the result of physical process.
– Emotions are not tool of cognition process.
10

11. Ghost in machine
11

12. Mind ,Science and Program–
Searle
– Brain causes mind presented in Chinese room thought experiment.
– This experiment is based on intentionality
– Thought in your mind like intention ,dream and plan.
– If we understand the machinery of mind ,A.I develop more.
– Mental states are the implementation of modern programmed.
– But consciousness is different from biological phenomenon.
– Consciousness doesn’t require physical properties of brain.
– Human consciousness build intelligence which is understandable
– Super A.I is not possible.
12

13. Mind ,science and program
13

14. Questions on technology–
Heidegger
– Techne means art and craftsman to solve something effectively.
– Techne is a tool ,instruments and means to an end.
– If hammer broke ,it does not perform hammering.
– Techne is a human activity to be a master in it.
– Everywhere we chained to tehcnology.
– The essence of technology is not technological.
– The essence of technology is enframing.
– Enframing is destining of revealing
– When we apply technology ,tehcne becomes invisible to its users.
– The being of thing is its application.
– Hence, technology is neautral.
14

15. Question on technoogy
15

16. Philosophical debates
• Can machine act intelligently?
• Can machine have emotions, consciousness, empathy,
love?
• Input output is same as human being
• Is intelligent being and human being are the same?
• Is morality can built in robots?
• Is human behave as machine
• Is thinking or computing is same?
• Input /output is same as working of consciousness.
• Reason is nothing but reckoning.
16

17. Debates
17

18. A.I critical questions
• Machines cannot feel emotions
• Machines don’t have Human Quality
• Machines just do what we tell them to do
• Machines are digital; people are analog.
• Machines don't have right to life and freedom of thought.
• Machines don’t become better judge or doctor.
• Machines are better than human then we would replaced.
• Machine don’t have pain and pleasure instincts.
• Machine beat you in all virtual game with intelligent.
18

19. Ethical behavior
• We should develop our intelligent systems to behave good
• Robot always provide security and benefit to human.
• If it will follow Asimov’s Three Laws of Robotics:
1. A robot may not injure a human being or allow a human being to
come to harm.
2. A robot must obey orders given it by human beings except where
such orders would conflict with the First Law.
3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection
does not conflict with the First or Second Law.
19

20. Super A.I
20

21. Intelligent being
• LET SUPPOSE (Strong AI) is built then
• Emotions are just an effect of behavior. E.g weeping when
sadness
• Attitudes of machine is quite silent.
• How does he know what should it does
• Lead materialist life who have only bodily pleasures
• Creativity is recognized as logical disintegration.
• Everything reduced to sound or words pass from the
mouth.
• Thought is just flow of information in biological neurons.
• Morality is judgments through well presented facts.
• Speak any language that they wants to communicate.
21

22. AI pre-historical text
• Al-Khwarizmi (780-850) Invented algebra and the algorithm
• George Boole invented propositional logic (1847)
• Karel Capek coined the term “robot” (1921)
• Isaac Asimov wrote (I, Robot (1950) introduced the Laws of Robotics
• John von Neumann: computer architecture (1945)
• Alan Turing: universal machine (1937), Turing test (1950)
• Norbert Wiener founded the field of cybernetics (1940s)
• Marvin Minsky: (1951) AI founder, blocks world, Society of Mind
• John McCarthy invented Lisp (1958) and coined the term AI (1957)
• Allen Newell, Herbert Simon: GPS (1957), AI founders
• Noam Chomsky: analytical approach to language (1950s)
22

23. Philosophical text
• Thomas hobbes – leviathan
• Ryle gilbert –the concept of mind
• John searle –mind ,brain and science
• Hiedegger –the questions concerning technology
• Jullien offray- man a machine
• Karl popper- of clouds and clocks
• Nick bostron –ethical issues in advanced A.I
• Margarent boden –the philopshy of A.I
• Raymond smulyan-Is man a machine
23

24. To watch concepts of A.I
For public attention
•2001: A Space Odyssey
•Iron man –ultron
•2004:I. Robot
•Transformers
•Almost human –tv series
•Robocop
•Artificial intelligence
•Ex machina
•Forbidden planet
•Terminator
•Star track
24