A reflection on the topic of Man vs Machine. A consolidated presentation given by students in AISSQ 2012

1. MAN vs MACHINE
A consolidated presentation submitted
at AISSQ-2012 conference

2. WHO SHALL PREVAIL??

3. WHY „MAN VS MACHINE‟?
 Human being, a special creation
of God.
 Arrival of numerous inventions
and discoveries over the time.
 Rapid Industrial Growth
 Rise in the need of smart
machines
 Phenomenal Development in the
fields of electronics and
computer.
 Computers– invention of the 20th century; superlative machines
which pose a challenge to human intellect.

4. WHO IS A HUMAN?
Biological Being
Social Being
Intellectual Being

5. Human: a unique machine
 Most complex and unique machine of the world.
 Praised by man himself in Psalm (the Hebrew bible).
 Wonderful analogies with respect to human body.
Human
brain, analog
ous to
advanced
CPU
Eyes, analog
ous to video
cameras
Skin, analogo
us to
industrial heat
exchangers.
Heart, natural
pump,
maintains BP

6. SPECIALITIES OF A HUMAN
Ability to
•Think
•Feel
•Will

7. Human qualities
 Human qualities justify them as superior
and advanced race over other living
species.
- Consciousness, belief in self-
existence
- Emotions, intrinsic feelings like
happiness, joy, anger
- Motivation, force governing our
actions
- Creativity, generation of new idea and
object
- Decision making, selection of an
alternative

8. Human consciousness
 Most important human quality and advanced event in
the history of evolution.
 Related to feelings of self-awareness and self-
importance.
 On popular account, three types of consciousness:
Simple-
Consciousness,
awareness of the
body
Self-
Consciousness,
awareness of
being self
Cosmic-
Consciousness,
awareness of the life
and order of the
universe

9. WHAT IS A MACHINE?
Mechanically constructed object
Can be programmed to perform
various actions.
Can incorporate the elements of
electronics and computer.

10. Machines and their growth
 The idea of first simple machine, 3rd century B.C. -
Archimedes.
 The modern definition for machine states it as
 Earlier machines were categorized into two:
- Static machines, like pulleys, inclined
plane, lever, etc.
- Dynamic machines, like
compressor, pumps, engines etc.
“an apparatus or tool using or applying
mechanical power to achieve a particular task.”

11. Classification of machines
 Depending on various applications, machines
can be classified as:
- Mechanical, E.g. engines, pumps, turbines.
- Electrical and Electronic, E.g.
generator, transformer.
- Computing, E.g. computer, clusters.

12. •A general design strategy for machines consists of:
Designing of machines
Invention
Performance
Engineering
Recycle
Need
identification, conc
ept
generation, prototy
ping and
manufacturing.
enhancing
efficiency, adding
features and
improving
effectiveness.
decommissioning
and disposal
phase, recovery
and reuse of
materials.

13. PURPOSE OF A MACHINE
-To Assist Humans

14. CAPABILITIES OF MACHINES
Depending on the magnitude of its
ability, a machine can do various jobs that
are risky, tougher or impossible and even
drudgery.
Machines can be programmed to do a job
again and again till the command expires.
They never tire up!
Machine can be made to imitate a human
by suitable programming.

15. EDGE OF MACHINES OVER HUMANS
Can be constructed with high
mechanical strength.
More accurate than humans
Faster than humans

16. LIMITATIONS OF MACHINES
Only do programmed work
Cannot think, feel or will as they
are not a „being‟ at all.
A machine can be made to
imitate a human but not a human
itself.

17. View point towards development
 Machine growth resulted in better human life, but with
dilemmas and problems.
• Negative aspects of
development - social and
economic problems.
• Weakened our ethical and
moral values.
• We should not forget
“Humans have created
machines not humans are
created by them.”

18. Where are we heading to?
 Have we ever thought about the:
• Imperfection in human life
due to perfect machines.
• One possible cause is the
negligence of value
education system.
- deeper consequences of such machine
growth?
- moral dilemmas of human race?
- role of humans in machine world?
- future state of unemployment and poverty?

19. THE GAP BETWEEN ANDRO-
HUMANOID AND ACTUAL HUMAN
Andro-Humanoids can imitate humans
But they cannot be programmed to
write their own code and command.
They use sensors to sense but cannot
really „feel‟ as they lack
consciousness.
They can be made to learn but not
think

20. THE BRAIN PUZZLE
Scientists are still struggling to explore
the secrets of brain
If that happens, humans would go to new
heights
Many psychological disorders can be
cured very easily.
Mystical phenomena like telepathy and
ESP can be cracked and applied to daily
use!.

21. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Complex codes are fed to make
machines behave like humans
Just an illusion is created that they
are able to think
They just compute and execute.
Getting conscious „by chance‟ is
wilder and more zany than the
theory of organic soup or godzilla!

22. Artificial Intelligence & Chess
• Much research has been performed in Computer Chess
• Deep Blue (IBM) defeated the world champion Kasparov in
1997 , at its 2nd try after 1996’s defeat

23. This Event Made this Question Popular. “Are
Computers More Intelligent than Humans?‟
Are Calculators Intelligent?
: Similarly the computer which plays chess is no
more intelligent than computeri that was fine
tuned by grandmaster Joel Benjamin, Miguel
Illescas, John Fedorovich and Nick De Firmian. It
plays chess just by following an algorithm. It
doesn't solve it.
Like CHINESE ROOM ARGUMENT of
Professor John Searle
: As one can take Chinese question answer
session just by following procedure without
even knowing what is being discussed …
similarly Machine also may act humanly by
showing some of predefined behavior, without
being Intelligent like humans.

24. Propositions and Arguments
 Gottfried Leibniz‟s (1646–1716) “Leibniz‟ Mill”
 There are other theories like Chinese Nation which
came up in early discussion of functionalist theories of
minds and cognition.
 Another antecedent of this theory was the Turing's
Paper Machine . This idea is found in the work of Alan
Turing, for example in “Intelligent Machinery” (1948).
 Concept of embodiment leading to Strong AI.
 Gödel's incompleteness theorems which helps in
appreciating the fact that human mind is too complex to
be defined with a mathematical model.

25. Developing intelligent machines
 Related to the field of AI - started in 1955 by John
McCarthy, Herbert Simon and others.
 Till date, not possible to create human level machine
intelligence due to:
- Limited computing resources
- Task oriented machines
 Turing test, to differentiate
between AI machines and
Humans.

26. TURING TEST
Proposed by famous scientist Alan
Turing
Involves chat among humans and
machines without face-face contact.
Tests the ability of coders

27. Complexities and Attempts
One of the announcement by IBM on
making Artificial Brain …. Artificial brain
„10 years away‟ But, as we cannot even
generate random numbers and still not
able to work with quantum particles and
describe the mind‟s working principle, it is
far out of our reach.

28. Machine Learning
- the computing tool which sounds like a
computer algorithm able to learn out of
experiences.
- But machine learning is no more than
interpolation of data used for training the
Neural Network.
- For this machines learning means a
matrices with optimized weighing values.

29. Future of AI
 AI might result in machines superior to human
intelligence.
 Capable of tasks like complex problem solving, flying
spacecraft, building next generation machines.
 But important questions arise here:
- Will they be conscious?
- Will they praise their creator like
we do?
- Will they agree to become slave
for human race?

30. Taming the machines
AI researchers have
confirmed, the growth of AI
might be uncontrollable.
Intelligence only positive
trait, but not for machines.
 True path of development- science and technology
plus moral, behavior and ethical values.
 Solution- development of value education system
(knowledge + values) like ancient Indian system.

31. There are few things which makes us
Creative Humans
NO Computer follows any self
created technique. It just an
unconscious instruction executer .
Cellular Automata apparently looks
like a computer program generating
creative patters. Actually its rules and
starting condition have all the
features which its output have.

32. Why we Love Science and put our Faith
in it.
 In the field of satisfying
humans, science has did
very well in past few
decades …

33. We depend on Science and that‟s why
we love it
 Because of this good experience with science
modern people appreciate it from it‟s toe to tip.

34. LIMITATIONS OF MODERN SCIENCE
Depends on logical conclusion
analyzed with the help of available
senses.
Has lot of space for assumption and
negligence.
Revision of stated Truths are allowed.

35. SPIRITUAL SCIENCE
“Absence of evidence is not the
evidence for absence”.
Soul is the reason behind humans‟
ability to think, feel and will.
Spirituality cannot be analyzed
through material means as it may
involve energies of higher
dimensions.

36. Vedantic Perspective
 According to Indian scriptures matter cannot have
consciousness. It is a feature of soul and only presence of
soul can manifest life. “O son of Bharata, as the sun alone
illuminates all this universe, so does the living entity, one
within the body, illuminate the entire body by
consciousness.” (BG 13.34).
 “The Supreme Lord is situated in everyone's heart, O
Arjuna, and is directing the wanderings of all living
entities, who are seated as on a machine, made of the
material energy.” (BG 18.61). Hear machine refers to the
physical body of living entity.
 “Earth, water, fire, air, ether, mind, intelligence and false
ego—all together these eight constitute My separated
material energies.” (BG 7.4). According to Vedanta
Intelligence is not the result of functionality of brain, it is a
subtle element.

37. “The individual is the
passenger in the chariot of the
material body, and the
intelligence is the
driver. Mind is the driving
instrument, and the senses are
the horses. The
self is thus the enjoyer or the
sufferer in the association of
mind and the
senses. So, it is understood by
great thinkers.” (Katha
Upanishad 1.3.3-4).
From Vedantic view point purpose of physical
body, mind and intelligence is to facilitate the living
soul.

38. IF MACHINES GAIN CONSCIOUSNESS
 If machines gain
consciousness they will
turn into „beings‟ and
cannot suit the definition of
a machine.
 There is no question of
„man versus machine‟
debate.
 They will form a new
species if they can do
biological activities like
feeling etc.

39. Conclusion
 The growth of machines has also given rise to
social, moral, ethical and economic problems.
 Impossible for a machine to replace unique human
features.
 Only the path of knowledge illuminated with
human values will lead us to true growth and
development of man and mankind.
 Machines are not capable of doing anything out of
box that’s why they cannot create something new.
 A product with more complexity cannot come out
of a thing with less complexity . And it is true to all
systems but human mind don’t fall below that kind
of limitation.

40. FINAL VERDICT
Machines can never gain consciousness
Consciousness is not programmable
Humans may not be as mightier as
machines but they are capable enough to
employ the machines to fulfill their needs.
Humans are valuable, they are true
„beings‟.
HUMANS SHALL PREVAIL (OF COURSE
WITH THE HELP OF MACHINES !)..

41. WE CAN CO-EXIST WITH SMART MACHINES