The document summarizes electron transport chain which involves the passage of electrons through electron carrier molecules embedded in mitochondrial membranes. As electrons reach proton pumping channels, their energy drives protons out of the membrane, leading to ATP synthesis. Enzymes like NADH, FADH2, CoEnzyme Q, and Cytochrome C are involved in transferring electrons. The electron transport chain uses energy from electron transfers to pump protons out of the mitochondrial matrix, creating a proton gradient used by ATP synthase to phosphorylate ADP and produce ATP. Each glucose molecule produces about 38 ATP through glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.

1. Electron
Transport Chain
Reported by: Stephanie Lee

2. Electron Transport
• The passage of energetic electrons through a series
of membrane associated electron carrier molecules
to proton pumps embedded within mitochondrial
or chloroplast membrane
• As the electrons reach the proton pumping
channels, their energy drives the transport of
protons out across the membrane, leading to the
synthesis of ATP

3. Enzymes
• NADH – Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
• FADH – Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
• CoEnzyme Q
• Cytochrome C

4. Electron Transport
• After Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle, we are left with 10
NADH and 2 FADH₂
• These will undergo oxidation – losing of electrons
• NADH NAD⁺ + H⁺ + 2e⁻
• Electrons during this point has high energy state
• Electrons will go to a lower energy state
• 2e⁻ Coenzyme Q Cytochrome C 2e⁻
• Co Q and Cyt C is used for the reduction of oxygen
• Electrons bind with Co Q and Cyt C to release energy

5. Electron Transport
• 2e⁻ + H⁺ + ½O₂ H₂O
• Electrons are used to reduce oxygen to 1 molecule of oxygen
• 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom

6. Electron Transport
• The released energy from electron binding with Co Q and
Cyt C will then be used by protein complexes in the
cristae to transport hydrogen proton from the matrix to
the outer membrane of the mitochondria.
• NADH is located in the matrix of mitochondria
• Outer membrane will have more hydrogen ion, thus
become acidic
• Mitochondrial Matrix will lose hydrogen ion, thus
become basic

7. Electron Transport
• H⁺ goes out through the protein complex
• H⁺ goes back in through the ATP Synthase
• ATP Synthase has some sort of axle in between
• H⁺ pass through the ATP Synthase to the matrix, which
causes the axle to turn
• As the axle spins, ADP and Phosphate groups binds, forming
ATP

8. Electron Transport
• Each NADH can roughly create 3 ATP
• Each FADH₂ can roughly create 2 ATP
• 10 NADH 30 ATP
• 2 FADH₂ 4 ATP
• Produced in Glycolysis 2 ATP
• Produced in Krebs 2 ATP
38 ATP
• 38 ATP are from 1 molecule of glucose

9. Animations
• http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biolog
y/Bio231/etc.html
• http://www.johnkyrk.com/mitochondrion.html

10. The End
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