This document discusses sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among young women. It provides background information on STIs as a major public health issue that causes physical and psychological harm. Statistics are presented on the prevalence of specific STIs. The document then outlines the aim to explore young women's experiences of STIs from a feminist perspective through qualitative online interviews. Key findings from the interviews include feelings of invulnerability, disrupted sense of self, stigma, blame, shame, and denial. Sources of support were limited. The conclusions indicate a need for further STI education among healthcare professionals.
I created this visual presentation to help students in my "Women & Aging" course in the Masters program in Women's Health at Suffolk University. I wanted them to be able to envision aging over the full continuum of life---including into old age. Too often old women are overlooked, ignored or out of sight. Their faces and bodies are seldom found in magazines, television programs or on billboards. This absence depletes my dreams, distances me from the the woman I am becoming, and increases my fears and isolation. One day I will die. But meanwhile, as my body moves on its course towards inevitable frailty, there is much living to do.
Transgender Identity And HIV : Resilience In The Face Of StigmaSanté des trans
Il s'agit d'un article de Walter Bockting, publié en 2008 dans Focus, une publication du AIDS Health Project, affilié à l'University of California, San Francisco.
Transgender Clients : We Need Effective Care Too!Santé des trans
Il s'agit d'une présentation powerpoint de la Directrice du Center of excellence for transgender HIV prevention de l'UCSF, qui passe en revue l'ensemble des enjeux liés à l'épidémie de sida parmi les trans, ainsi que les déterminants de santé globaux. Date inconnue.
Plan de l'intervention
Getting on the Same Page:
Establishing a Common Language
What Are the Facts?
What is the HIV Prevalence among Trans People in the US?
Effects of Stigma & Discrimination on Trans Communities
What are the Barriers and Challenges?
What Are We Going To Do?
Addressing Transphobia
Action Steps & Recommendations
Where do we go for help?
Transgender Female Youth And Sex Work HIV Risk And A Comparison Of Life Facto...Santé des trans
( A I D S Behavior, 2009)
L'article examine les déterminants du risque d'acquisition du VIH par les jeunes femmes trans du fait de leurs "facteurs de vie", en particulier en regard leur statut par rapport au travail sexuel.
I created this visual presentation to help students in my "Women & Aging" course in the Masters program in Women's Health at Suffolk University. I wanted them to be able to envision aging over the full continuum of life---including into old age. Too often old women are overlooked, ignored or out of sight. Their faces and bodies are seldom found in magazines, television programs or on billboards. This absence depletes my dreams, distances me from the the woman I am becoming, and increases my fears and isolation. One day I will die. But meanwhile, as my body moves on its course towards inevitable frailty, there is much living to do.
Transgender Identity And HIV : Resilience In The Face Of StigmaSanté des trans
Il s'agit d'un article de Walter Bockting, publié en 2008 dans Focus, une publication du AIDS Health Project, affilié à l'University of California, San Francisco.
Transgender Clients : We Need Effective Care Too!Santé des trans
Il s'agit d'une présentation powerpoint de la Directrice du Center of excellence for transgender HIV prevention de l'UCSF, qui passe en revue l'ensemble des enjeux liés à l'épidémie de sida parmi les trans, ainsi que les déterminants de santé globaux. Date inconnue.
Plan de l'intervention
Getting on the Same Page:
Establishing a Common Language
What Are the Facts?
What is the HIV Prevalence among Trans People in the US?
Effects of Stigma & Discrimination on Trans Communities
What are the Barriers and Challenges?
What Are We Going To Do?
Addressing Transphobia
Action Steps & Recommendations
Where do we go for help?
Transgender Female Youth And Sex Work HIV Risk And A Comparison Of Life Facto...Santé des trans
( A I D S Behavior, 2009)
L'article examine les déterminants du risque d'acquisition du VIH par les jeunes femmes trans du fait de leurs "facteurs de vie", en particulier en regard leur statut par rapport au travail sexuel.
Transgender Health : Findings From Two Needs Assessment Studies In PhiladelphiaSanté des trans
Transgender Health: Findings from Two Needs Assessment Studies in Philadelphia.
Il s'agit d'un article de Gretchen P. Kenagy, paru dans la revue Health and Social Work (volume: 30. Issue: 1) en 2005.
Il présente les résultats de deux enquêtes de recueil des besoins des trans en matière de santé à Philadelphie.
HIV/AIDS and Infectious Diseases: Prevalence and Attitudes Among U.S. Latinos
Dr Li Loriz, PhD, ARNP, BC, Director, School of Nursing, University of North Florida
July 22, 2005 - UNF Hispanic Health Issues Seminar
This is part 6 of an 8 part series of seminars on Hispanic Health Issues brought to you by the University of North Florida’s Dept. of Public Health, College of Health, a grant from AETNA, and the cooperation of Duval County Health Department.
Invisible Men who have Sex with Men and Survival: From Practice to Research a...Jim Pickett
John Schneider's, University of Chicago, presentation at the Sex in the City II: Men, Sex, Love and HIV conference, held in Chicago on September 25, 2014. Sponsored by AIDS Foundation of Chicago and other partners.
Üniversite Bilgi Sistemi - Birimlerin İşbirliği PlatformuAbzetdin Adamov
Bugünkü bilgi çağında rekabet içersinde olan işletmler için doğru bilgiye zamanında ve kontrollü şekilde ulaşımını sağlamak artık zamanın taleplerine cevap verebilmesi ve hatta ayakta durabilmesi için vazgeçilmez şartdır. Diğer taraftan işletmeler içersinde yer alan birimler arasındaki bilgi akışlarının artmasıyla ve kompleksleşmesiyle beraber, bunların bir birini tamamlamaları ve mümkün olduğu kadar bağımsız olmaları da önemlidir. Buna sadece Bilgi Teknolojileri sağladıkları imkanlardan düzgün yararlanarak ulaşmak mümkündür. Üniversiteler de ticari kurumlar da olduğu gibi verimliliği arttırma konusunda yoğun çabalar içersinde bulunmaları gerekmektedir. Üniversitelerin, genellikle, gelirleri çok sınırlı olduğu için modern şirketleri örnek alarak rekabet ortamına ayak uydurmaları gerekmektedir. Bu açıdan Üniversitenin farklı birimleri ve görevlileri tarafından üretilen Üniversitrmizin Elektronik Bilgi Sistemi (EBS) çerçevesinde geliştirilmekte ola e-Üniversite projesi Üniversitemizin bugünü ve özellikle geleceği için oldukça önemlidir.
Transgender Health : Findings From Two Needs Assessment Studies In PhiladelphiaSanté des trans
Transgender Health: Findings from Two Needs Assessment Studies in Philadelphia.
Il s'agit d'un article de Gretchen P. Kenagy, paru dans la revue Health and Social Work (volume: 30. Issue: 1) en 2005.
Il présente les résultats de deux enquêtes de recueil des besoins des trans en matière de santé à Philadelphie.
HIV/AIDS and Infectious Diseases: Prevalence and Attitudes Among U.S. Latinos
Dr Li Loriz, PhD, ARNP, BC, Director, School of Nursing, University of North Florida
July 22, 2005 - UNF Hispanic Health Issues Seminar
This is part 6 of an 8 part series of seminars on Hispanic Health Issues brought to you by the University of North Florida’s Dept. of Public Health, College of Health, a grant from AETNA, and the cooperation of Duval County Health Department.
Invisible Men who have Sex with Men and Survival: From Practice to Research a...Jim Pickett
John Schneider's, University of Chicago, presentation at the Sex in the City II: Men, Sex, Love and HIV conference, held in Chicago on September 25, 2014. Sponsored by AIDS Foundation of Chicago and other partners.
Üniversite Bilgi Sistemi - Birimlerin İşbirliği PlatformuAbzetdin Adamov
Bugünkü bilgi çağında rekabet içersinde olan işletmler için doğru bilgiye zamanında ve kontrollü şekilde ulaşımını sağlamak artık zamanın taleplerine cevap verebilmesi ve hatta ayakta durabilmesi için vazgeçilmez şartdır. Diğer taraftan işletmeler içersinde yer alan birimler arasındaki bilgi akışlarının artmasıyla ve kompleksleşmesiyle beraber, bunların bir birini tamamlamaları ve mümkün olduğu kadar bağımsız olmaları da önemlidir. Buna sadece Bilgi Teknolojileri sağladıkları imkanlardan düzgün yararlanarak ulaşmak mümkündür. Üniversiteler de ticari kurumlar da olduğu gibi verimliliği arttırma konusunda yoğun çabalar içersinde bulunmaları gerekmektedir. Üniversitelerin, genellikle, gelirleri çok sınırlı olduğu için modern şirketleri örnek alarak rekabet ortamına ayak uydurmaları gerekmektedir. Bu açıdan Üniversitenin farklı birimleri ve görevlileri tarafından üretilen Üniversitrmizin Elektronik Bilgi Sistemi (EBS) çerçevesinde geliştirilmekte ola e-Üniversite projesi Üniversitemizin bugünü ve özellikle geleceği için oldukça önemlidir.
Email exchange granting permission to post the two power point presentation delivered during the Forum: Continuing Professional Education (CPE) for Librarians held at Lyceum of Batangas, Batangas City last April 18, 2007
QUIP - Společnost pro změnu hledá profesionála za účelem pomoci komunikovat témata spojená s právy lidí s postižením a s potřebou změnit politiky a zákony. Forma spolupráce na 3 měsíce či rok.
This presentation talks on various information about HIV & AIDS from the basic stuff to detailed information as well as a video to show how the regular medicines given to patients help reduce the time of them dying faster hence summarizing the entire presentation.
Psychological Impact and Sexual Behavior in Patients with Genital and Anal Co...semualkaira
Genital warts are benign viral tumors of the skin or mucous membranes, due to human papillomaviruses. Rare are the authors who
insist on studying the psycho-affective and sexual impact of this
condition.
Psychological Impact and Sexual Behavior in Patients with Genital and Anal Co...semualkaira
Genital warts are benign viral tumors of the skin or mucous membranes, due to human papillomaviruses. Rare are the authors who
insist on studying the psycho-affective and sexual impact of this
condition.
Psychological Impact and Sexual Behavior in Patients with Genital and Anal Co...semualkaira
Genital warts are benign viral tumors of the skin or mucous membranes, due to human papillomaviruses. Rare are the authors who insist on studying the psycho-affective and sexual impact of this condition.
Psychological Impact and Sexual Behavior in Patients with Genital and Anal Co...semualkaira
Genital warts are benign viral tumors of the skin or mucous membranes, due to human papillomaviruses. Rare are the authors who
insist on studying the psycho-affective and sexual impact of this
condition.
Beyond PrEP: Intersectionality, Resilience & the Health of Black MSMJim Pickett
David Malebranche's, University of Pennsylvania, presentation at the Sex in the City II: Men, Sex, Love and HIV conference, held in Chicago on September 25, 2014. Sponsored by AIDS Foundation of Chicago and other partners.
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
2.
Major public health issue
High morbidity and mortality (WHO, 2007)
Over 30 pathogens responsible for STIs (WHO, 2012)
Genital herpes, human papilloma virus (HPV),
chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, trichomoniasis,
HIV, hepatitis
Cause significant physical and psychological harm
(WHO, 2001)
background
3. Statistics
Herpes: 1/8 (Cunningham et al. 2006)
HPV: 4/5 people (Cancer Council NSW, 2013)
33.2 million people around the world are living with
HIV (6,000 young people are infected with HIV
daily) (UNAIDS, 2003; UNAIDS &WHO, 2007)
Over 498.9 million new cases per annum of
chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis and trichomoniasis
(15 - 49 years) (WHO, 2012)
4. Women and STIs
Have severe consequences for women
Women are vulnerable to STI acquisition due to
social norms, gender roles (Hird & Jackson, 2001; Reddy & Dunne,
2007)
condom negotiation (De Visser & Smith, 2001; Ehrhardt et al., 2002)
5. Young people and STIs
Young people are at an increased risk of STI due to:
Invulnerability
Risk behaviour
Social changes
Inexperience (Dehne & Riedner, 2005; WHO, 2004)
6. Aim
To explore young women’s stories of having a
sexually transmitted infection from a feminist
perspective
7. Methodology
Feminist methodology
Qualitative online interviews- email and Instant
messenger
Inclusion criteria: any women that experienced an
STI between the ages of 18-30 years
HIV was excluded from this study
8. Participants
Ten women participants
Aged 21-39 years
Various backgrounds
Cervical HPV, genital warts, herpes, chlamydia,
pubic lice
Casual partners, husbands, boyfriends, long-term
partners, rape
Pseudonyms are used
9. Findings
Invulnerability
Disrupted sense of self
Stigma and stereotypes
Blame and shame
Unworthy of love
Denial
Sources of support
10. Invulnerability
I didn't think I was at risk. I felt immortal;
I thought it didn't happen to people like
me, until I was diagnosed with warts
[Rita].
11. Disrupted sense of self
I was ashamed because I was now infected
with this virus and would always be.... I
felt tainted [Lilly]
12. Stigma and sterotypes
... [I felt] Dirty, because my views on
contracting an STD like this have been the
same as the rest of society... Only someone
who sleeps around regularly gets STDs ...
It’s like going from being a cool kid in the
playground, to being an outcast, I’m on the
other side of the fence, and it’s not nice
[Bree].
13. Blame and shame
I felt ashamed. Looking back I know I did
not do wrong but I felt dirty and used and I
felt like I was just disgusting. … I was
filled with shame and it turned into self-hatred
in a way. I still can't believe I was
treated so badly [Ruby].
14. Unworthy of love
I didn’t feel that I deserved anything to do
with relationships. I didn’t think I deserved
to be loved or wanted by anyone [Cathy].
15. Denial
With the herpes it was diagnosed with a
blood test but I don’t ever remember having
it so I suppose I have been in a bit of denial
about that. … I never told these men I slept
with about it or any of them. With herpes I
have read that it is painful so I think I
would know if I had it [Ruby].
16. Sources of support
I went online and read other’s people’s
experiences, and had really supportive
feedback from others who were experiencing
the same thing [Lilly].
17. Conclusions & Implications
None of the women accessed STI services
Only 2 women were provided with emotional
support
Further education and knowledge is needed among
healthcare professionals that do not specialise in
sexual health
19. Cancer Council New South Wales (2013) New research on human papillomavirus: Q&A. Available at:
http://www.cancercouncil.com.au/508/get-informed/diagnosis-symptoms/cancer-screening-cancer-screening-early-detection/new-research-on-hpv-qa/?pp=of February 2013).
Cunningham, A. L., Taylor, R., Taylor, J., Marks, C., Shaw, J., & Mindel, A. (2006). Prevalence of infection with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in
Australia. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 82(2), 164-168.
Dehne, K. L., & Riedner, G. (2005). Sexually transmitted infections among adolescents: The need for adequate health services. Geneva: World Health
Organisation and Deutsche Gesellechaft fuer Technische Zusammenarbeit.
De Visser, R. O., & Smith, A. M. A. (2001). Inconsistent users of condoms: a challenge to traditional models of health behaviour. Psychology,
Health & Medicine, 6(1), 41-46
Ehrhardt, A. A., Exner, T. M., Hoffman, S., Silberman, I., Yingling, S., Adams-Skinner, J. et al. (2002). HIV/STD risk and sexual strategies
among women family planning clients in New York: Project FIO. AIDS and Behavior, 6(1), 1-13
Hird, M. J., & Jackson, S. (2001). Where ‘angels’ and ‘wusses’ fear to tread: sexual coercion in adolescent dating relationships. Journal of
Sociology, 37(1), 27-43
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). (2003). HIV/AIDS and young people: Hope for tomorrow. Geneva: Author.
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), & World Health Organisation. (2007). AIDS epidemic update: December 2007. Geneva:
Authors.
Reddy, S., & Dunne, M. (2007). Risking it: Young heterosexual femininities in South Africa context of HIV/AIDS. Sexualities, 10(2), 160-172.
World Health Organisation. (2004). Contraception: Issues in adolescent health and development. Geneva: Author.
World Health Organisation (2012) Global incidence and prevalence of selected curable sexually transmitted infections-2008, Geneva.
World Health Organisation. (2001). Global prevalence and incidence of selected curable sexually transmitted infections: Overview and estimates. Geneva:
Author.
World Health Organisation. (2007). Global strategy for the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections: 2006-2015: Breaking the chain of
transmission. Geneva: Author.
References
Editor's Notes
498.9 in 2008 an increase from 340 in 2001
Genitial herpes approximately effects one in 8 adults
HPV is the most common viral STI throughout the world and is estimated to effect 4 out of 5 women at some some stage throughout their lives, this infection s responsible for causing genital warts, and is a prominent cause of cervical cancer in fact 99% of cervical cancer diagnoses are associated with HPV .
There are approximately 33.2 million people living with HIV throughout the world with approximately 6,000 young people are infected with HIV daily
And there re over 340 million new cases per annum of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis and trichomoniasis among 15 - 49 years old although this is problably grossly underestimated due to many STIS remaining asymptomatic and going undiagnosed
Failure to fulfil social expectations and self-perceptions (Cederstrom, 2002).
Questioning of the self
Experience self-doubt (Estes, 1992; Fisher, 2008).
Perceive the self through flaws rather than their individual characters (Estes, 1992).
Stereotypical views
Internalised
Perceived being stigmatised from others
Fear of rejection
Also from healthcare professionals