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This document discusses the role of HIV/AIDS stigma in access to care. It aims to examine how stigma impacts testing behavior, disclosure of status, and entry into care, particularly for women and minorities. The goals are to define key terms around stigma, discuss prevalence of HIV stigma in the US, and strategies to address stigma. HIV stigma stems from existing prejudices and negatively impacts individuals with HIV and those associated with them through discrimination and barriers to services. Racial minorities face disparities in access to HIV care due to the effects of stigma.
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Similar to 2006 stigma nmac u
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This document provides a conceptual framework for understanding AIDS-related stigma and proposes a research agenda on the topic. It discusses AIDS stigma at both the cultural and individual levels. At the cultural level, stigma is manifested through discriminatory laws/policies and negative portrayals. At the individual level, people with HIV experience primary stigma while their friends/family experience secondary stigma. Stigma stems from both a fear of HIV (instrumental stigma) and negative attitudes towards associated groups (symbolic stigma). Stigma interferes with HIV prevention and takes a psychological toll on those infected. More research is needed to inform policies that reduce stigma and its negative impacts.
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The document outlines John B. Pryor's presentation on HIV-related stigma. It discusses the theoretical framework of the four manifestations of stigma, including public stigma, self-stigma, stigma-by-association, and institutional stigma. It then applies this framework to examine HIV-related stigma and describes studies evaluating interventions to reduce public and self-stigma. Common effective components of stigma reduction interventions are discussed.
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42Social discrimination faced by AIDS patients and t.docx
42
Social discrimination faced by AIDS patients and their families
By
Name
Institution
Date
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction 3
1.0 Background and Context 3
1.2 Scope and Objectives 7
2.0 Literature review 8
2.1 Introduction 8
2.2 Discrimination in the Family 8
2.3 Discrimination in the Community 13
2.4 Discrimination in School 19
2.5 Discrimination in the Work Place 23
2.6 Discrimination in Hospitals 29
2.7 Extend of discrimination to the family of the infected 33
3.0 Methodology 37
4.0 Results and Discussion 38
5.0 Conclusion and recommendations 41
5.1 Conclusion 41
5.2 Recommendations 41
6.0 References 43
1.0 Introduction
1.0 Background and Context
The HIV and AIDs epidemic dates back to the year 1981. This dangerous disease got the community into mixed reactions and since then, the society has developed varied perceptions in relation to this incurable disease (Pardasani, Moreno, and Forge, 2010). According to Pardasani, Moreno, and Forge (2010), society attributed the disease to disenfranchised groups, and other deviant taboos like prostitution and drug abuse. However, more than thirty years since the discovery of this deadly virus the trends and statistics vary on a daily basis. According to the World health organization (2012), more than seventy five million across the globe have been confirmed infected with the disease, and more than thirty six million people infected have died since the discovery of the epidemic.
Though state and federal governments, with the help of non-governmental organizations have fought the disease tirelessly, HIV and AIDS prevalence is steadily increasing and so is the level of stigma for the people infected with the disease, their caregivers as well as their families. Currently, more than thirty five million people are living with the disease, with detailed statistics revealing that approximately six thousand people are infected with HIV/AIDs daily, which translates to approximately two hundred and sixty people per hour (World health organization, 2012). Notably, the disease has not spared minors because out of the thirty five million people infected by the disease by the end of 2012, approximately three million people were confirmed to be less than fifteen years. Similarly, out of the two million people who died from the disease in 2012, more than two hundred thousand were below fifteen years (World health organization, 2012). According to the World health Organization (2012), HIV/AIDs prevalence varies across regions with the sub-Saharan Africa housing seventy percent of the infected people as at December 2012.
To understand the social discrimination faced by individuals living with HIV and AIDs, it is important to have an overview of social discrimination. According to Rubin and Hewstone (2004), discrimination is the differential treatment of a person based on stereotypes and perceptions concerning his or her social status, membership to a specific group. Discrimination faced by .
6 Szablowinski HIV-AIDSdiscrimination 72-84 (1)
This document discusses stigmatization and discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS in Papua New Guinea. It notes that stigma stems from ignorance about HIV transmission and a moral association of the virus with promiscuity. Stigma isolates people with HIV/AIDS and discourages them from seeking care. It also prevents open discussion about HIV status and spreads misinformation. The document argues for promoting compassion and understanding of people with HIV/AIDS as the most effective way to address the epidemic.
Wesb1301
The document summarizes a workshop on culturally sensitive, gender-responsive and human rights-based reporting on HIV/AIDS. The workshop covered analyzing current media coverage, defining key concepts, and recommendations. It found that media coverage can stigmatize or criminalize those living with HIV/AIDS. It emphasized understanding how culture, gender, and human rights impact transmission and treatment of HIV/AIDS to improve reporting.
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The document discusses stigma related to HIV/AIDS in a community. It defines stigma as bodily signs used to identify and exclude those seen as impure or immoral. Living with HIV can involve self-stigma from fear of disclosure and stigma from others related to lack of knowledge and moral judgements. This stigma promotes risk behaviors and prevents people from getting tested due to fear of being labeled. The document calls for empowering women, combating myths, and creating an enabling environment to reduce HIV transmission and stigma in the community.
Stigma Skills Workshop
The document discusses conceptualizing stigma using a 5-component model of stigma proposed by Link and Phelan (2001). The components are discrimination, status loss, separation, stereotyping, and labeling. It is noted that the components do not need to occur in a specific sequence for stigma to be present. Examples are provided to illustrate how stigma can occur through social processes even without direct discrimination of individuals. The psychology of both the stigmatized and stigmatizing individuals is examined. Various research on stigma related to HIV/AIDS is summarized. Educational approaches and strategies for addressing stigma using the model are explored.
1HealthcareStudent’s NameInstitutional A
1
Healthcare
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Course Details
Instructor’s Name
Date
Healthcare
Health inequity is a serious healthcare problem that negatively affects everyone. This problem worsens the health outcomes of the population it directly impacts and those with resources and power. For instance, health disparity makes it hard to control, contain and treat infections illnesses, like the Covid-19, therefore putting everyone at risk of contracting the disease regardless of their socioeconomic class. Culture plays a critical role in patient care and health outcomes and affects our perception of others, health behaviors, and expectations during care delivery. This paper discusses health inequalities, advocacy for families, patients, and community, and cultural competencies. Comment by lola siyanbola: Can you explain how?
Health inequalities involve differences in health resources' distribution of health between different population groups resulting from social conditions in which members of the population are born, live, grow, work and age. The inequalities are basically the systematic differences in the status of health between population groups (Marmot, 2017). The inequalities have substantial economic and social costs to both persons and communities. Social factors including employment status, education level, gender, ethnicity, and level of income affect an individual's health status, therefore creating health disparities among populations due to variations of the social factors (Malbon, 2019). Lower socioeconomic status is associated with poor health outcomes. The appropriate combination of government policies can address these health disparities. Comment by lola siyanbola: This is a fact can you rephrase or cite Comment by lola siyanbola: This is too vague, can you elaborate a little?
I would advocate for patients by connecting them with resources outside and inside the hospital to support their wellbeing and double-check for errors to identify, stop, and correct errors to ensure their safety (Doucette et al., 2018). I would educate the patients on the best way to manage their health conditions and improve their quality of life. Protecting patients' rights and giving them a voice, particularly when vulnerable, is key to safe and quality patient care. I would advocate for families by utilizing my expertise to persuade the hospital authorities about the economic position of the family, their educational level, and their cultural values about patient care. I would advocate for the community by working to ensure community members are adequately and fairly treated in all matters of health.
The first Implicit Association Tests (IAT) reveals that I hold a moderate automatic preference for Arab Muslims with 26% over Other People. This means that I am likely to respond moderately respond faster to the care needs of patients from the Arap Muslim compared to other patients. ...
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HIV originated from a virus found in chimpanzees. It likely entered the US in the 1970s and was originally known as GRID since it seemed to affect gay men. In the early 1980s it became apparent that HIV could infect heterosexuals as well, and it was renamed to AIDS. In 1984, scientists identified HIV as the cause of AIDS. The first drug to treat AIDS, AZT, was approved in 1987. HIV attacks and weakens the immune system, ultimately leading to AIDS if not treated. It is most often transmitted through unprotected sex or sharing needles.
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2006 stigma nmac u
- 1. HIV/AIDS Stigma & Access to Care Carlos Velez, JD Director Technical Assistance, Training and Treatment Technical Assistance, Training and Treatment Division NATIONAL MINORITY AIDS COUNCIL
- 6. MODULE I KEY TERMS
- 22. MODULE II THE ORIGIN OF HIV/AIDS RELATED STIGMA
- 35. The Vicious Circle of Stigma & Discrimination Source: Parker, R and Aggleton, P. (2002) HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination: A conceptual framework and an agenda for action. HIV/AIDS is associated with marginalized behaviors, and PLWH/A are stigmatized because they are assumed to be from a marginalized group. HIV/AIDS PLWH/A Marginalized Groups Ex.: GLB/T, IDU, Commercial Sex Worker Are seen as Are Seen as responsible for
- 36. The Vicious Circle of Stigma & Discrimination Source: Parker, R and Aggleton, P. (2002) HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination: A conceptual framework and an agenda for action. Marginalized groups are further marginalized because they are assumed to have HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS PLWH/A Marginalized Groups Ex.: GLB/T, IDU, Commercial Sex Worker Are seen as Are Seen as responsible for
- 43. Negative Feelings Toward PLWH/A Source: Herek, G., Capitanio, J., & Widaman, K. 2002. HIV-related stigma and knowledge in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 2002, 92(3), 1-14.
- 46. The Expression of HIV/AIDS Stigma Source: Herek, G., Capitanio, J., & Widaman, K. 2002. HIV-related stigma and knowledge in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 2002, 92(3), 1-14. Q: “People who got AIDS through sex or drugs use have gotten what they deserve.”
- 47. The Expression of HIV/AIDS Stigma Q: “Most people with AIDS are responsible for having their illness.” Source: Herek, G., Capitanio, J., & Widaman, K. 2002. HIV-related stigma and knowledge in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 2002, 92(3), 1-14.
- 48. Public's views on personal responsibility for contracting HIV Q:“In general, it’s people’s own fault if they get AIDS.” Source: Kaiser Family Foundation Poll Report
- 52. Public's views on discrimination against PLWH/A Q: “Do you think there has been a lot of discrimination against people with AIDS, or do you think their treatment has been generally appropriate?” Source: Kaiser Family Foundation Poll Report
- 56. MODULE III HIV/AIDS STIGMA AND IMPACT ON ACCESS TO SERVICES AND CARE
- 87. MODULE IV HIV/AIDS STIGMA AND MANIFESTATION IN SOCIETY
- 98. The MODE Model Person Sees Attitude Object (e.g., gay man, sex worker, drug user) Automatic Process -Object is evaluated-an unconscious process Homosexual/promiscuous Sex worker /immoral Drug user/criminal Cost/Benefit Process -person weighs the cost of a particular attitude-relevant behavior Attitude towards individual expressed
- 102. MODULE V THE PROCESS OF COUNTERING HIV/AIDS STIGMA
- 117. MODULE VI COUNTERING THE EFFECTS OF HIV/AIDS STIGMA WITHIN ORGANIZATIONS
Editor's Notes
- Ask Audience about other identities they may think about.